Uređaji za tretiranje sjemena Poje, Tomaž
Glasnik Zaštite Bilja,
07/2023, Volume:
46, Issue:
4
Journal Article, Paper
Peer reviewed
Open access
U radu je opisana tehnologija dorade sjemena koja uključuje čišćenje i tretiranje sjemena. Tretiranje sjemena u Sloveniji obavljaju ovlaštena poduzeća za ovu djelatnost. Od 2018. godine u Sloveniji ...ispitne stanice pregledavaju uređaje za tretiranje sjemena. Opisan je mobilni uređaj za čišćenje sjemena i tretiranje sjemena, koja se prije svega upotrebljava za kontinuirano tretiranje lokalnog- domaćeg sjemena žitarica. Opisan je i rad šaržnog uređaja za stacionarno tretiranje sjemena proizvođača Cimbria.
The paper describes the seed processing technology, which includes seed cleaning and treatment. Seed treatment in Slovenia is carried out by authorized companies. Since 2018, inspectors in Slovenia have been inspecting seed treatment equipment. Mobile equipment for seed cleaning and seed treatment is described, which is primarily used for the continuous treatment of local-domestic cereal seeds on the family farms. The operation of the Cimbria batch equipment for stationary treatment of seeds is also described.
Samokretni silažni kombajni sve više se upotrebljavaju kod sjeckanja različitih usjeva za silažu. Snaga njihovih motora povećava se i trenutačno iznosi i 850 kW. Prema upotrebi silaže važna je i ...dužina sječke. Dužina sječke određuje se brojem noža pričvršćenih na bubanj i brzinom vrtnje bubnja. Većina proizvođača ugrađuje i NIR analizatore, koji omogućuje određivanje suhe tvari i druge analize u krmi. Izravno u kombajnu ili na daljinu prati se radne karakteristike silažnog kombajna i sjeckane krme.
The use of self-propelled forage harvesters is increasing for chopping various silage crops. The power of their engines is increasing and currently stands at 850 kW. According to the use of silage, the chopping length is also important. The chopping length is determined by the number of knives attached to the drum and the number of revolutions of the drum. Most manufacturers also install NIR analyzers, which allows the determination of dry matter and other analyzes in the feed. The operating parameters of the forage harvester and chopped forage are visible directly in the combine or remotely.
Samohodni silažni kombajni sve više se upotrebljavaju kod sjeckanja različitih usjeva za silažu. Opći trend je izrada silažnih kombajna jače snage motora uz povećanje učinkovitosti. Na primjeru John ...Deere 8500i prikazana su neka rješenja za preciznu poljoprivredu. Ugrađeni NIR analizator omogućuje određivanje suhe tvari i druge analize u krmi. Na osnovi suhe tvari u krmi automatski se nastavlja duljina sječke. Izravno u kombajnu ili na daljinu mogu se pratiti radni parametri kombajna i sjeckane krme. Na računalu se dobije potpuna analiza rada.
Self-propelled forage harvesters are increasingly used for chopping various silage crops. The general trend is to make the forage harvesters more powerful and increase their efficiency. The example of the John Deere 8500i shows some solutions for smart farming. The built-in NIR sensor allows the determination of dry matter and other analyzes in the feed. Based on the dry matter in the feed, the chip length is automatically adjusted. We can monitor and analyze the operating parameters of the forage harvester and chopped fodder directly in the forage harvester or remotely. A complete analysis of the work is obtained on the computer.
The paper describes the seed processing technology, which includes seed cleaning and treatment. Seed treatment in Slovenia is carried out by authorized companies. Since 2018, inspectors in Slovenia ...have been inspecting seed treatment equipment. Mobile equipment for seed cleaning and seed treatment is described, which is primarily used for the continuous treatment of local-domestic cereal seeds on the family farms. The operation of the Cimbria batch equipment for stationary treatment of seeds is also described.
The use of self-propelled forage harvesters is increasing for chopping various silage crops. The power of their engines is increasing and currently stands at 850 kW. According to the use of silage, ...the chopping length is also important. The chopping length is determined by the number of knives attached to the drum and the number of revolutions of the drum. Most manufacturers also install NIR analyzers, which allows the determination of dry matter and other analyzes in the feed. The operating parameters of the forage harvester and chopped forage are visible directly in the combine or remotely.
Self-propelled forage harvesters are increasingly used for chopping various silage crops. The general trend is to make the forage harvesters more powerful and increase their efficiency. The example ...of the John Deere 8500i shows some solutions for smart farming. The built-in NIR sensor allows the determination of dry matter and other analyzes in the feed. Based on the dry matter in the feed, the chip length is automatically adjusted. We can monitor and analyze the operating parameters of the forage harvester and chopped fodder directly in the forage harvester or remotely. A complete analysis of the work is obtained on the computer.
Aplikacija sredstava za zaštitu bilja na visoke voćke vrlo je zahtjevan rad, kod kojeg često dolazi i do velikog gubitka škropiva. U radu su prikazani strojevi koji se najčešće upotrebljavaju za ...zaštitu oraha i drugih visokih voćaka. Za visoke voćke aksijalni raspršivač mora imati crpku s većim protokom i ventilator većeg promjera, da škropivo dođe na pravo mjesto. Na području zaštite visokih voćaka na njemačkoj listi strojeva s redukcijom gubitaka škropiva nalaze se samo četiri raspršivača. Za zaštitu visokih voćaka upotrebljavaju se i raspršivači s usmjerivačkim topom, pa i leđni motorni raspršivači.
Applying plant protection products to tall fruit trees is a very demanding job, which often leads to a large loss of spray. The paper presents the machines that are mostly used for the protection of walnuts and other tall fruits. For the protection of tall fruit trees, the axial mist blower must have a pump with a higher flow and a fan of a larger diameter, which helps the aiming of the spray. In the field of tall fruit protection, there are only four mist blowers on the German list of machines with reduction of spray losses. To protect tall fruit trees, sprayers with a guide cannon are also used, as well as backpack motor sprayers.
Iz uljarica hladnim prešanjem dobijemo uljanu pogaču i visoko kvalitetno ulje. Ulje se upotrebljava za ljudsku prehranu, ali i za kozmetiku te za ljekovite namjene. Uljna pogača najviše se ...upotrebljava za ishranu stoke, ali se konzumira i u ljudskoj ishrani. Za prešanje se najčešće upotrebljavaju vijčane preše s pogonom na elektromotor. Kod vijčanih preša može se podešavati broj okretaja vijaka, promjer mlaznice i udaljenost kompresijske glave od vijka. Kod prešanja zbog trenja nastaje i toplina. Ona mora biti što niža, da se održi kvaliteta ulja. Granična temperatura kod hladnog prešanja nije zakonski određena ni u Sloveniji, ni u Hrvatskoj. Potrebna električna snaga povećava se s povećanjem brzine vijka. Također je potrebna veća električna snaga za prešanje sjemena s mlaznicom manjeg promjera.
From cold press oilseeds, high quality oil and oil cake are produced. Cold pressed oil is used for human consumption, for cosmetics or for medicinal purposes. Oil cake is mostly used for feeding cattle and some people consume it as well. For cold pressing screw presses with electric motor drive are mostly used, where the number of revolutions of the screws, the diameter of the nozzle and the distance of the compression head from the screw can be adjusted. The required electrical power increases with increasing screw speed. Higher electrical power is also required to press the seeds with a nozzle of smaller diameter. Heat is also generated when pressing due to friction. The temperature of oil must be as low as possible to maintain the quality, but the limit temperature for cold pressing has not yet been legally determined in Slovenia or Croatia.
U ekološkoj proizvodnji voća i grožđa gdje se ne smiju upotrebljavati herbicidi za suzbijanje korova unutar-rednog prostora upotrebljavaju se različite nekemijske metode. Ove nekemijske metode se ...šire i u integriranu proizvodnju voća i grožđa. U radu su prikazani trendovi razvoja strojeva za mehaničku suzbijanje korova i termičke metode za suzbijanje korova. Kod strojeva za mehaničko suzbijanje korova ponuda proizvođača strojeva je velika, te je dosta raširena i njihova upotreba. Termičke metode suzbijanja korova još nisu toliko u upotrebi, a i ponuda strojeva za termičko suzbijanje još je relativno mala.
Various non-chemical methods are used in organic fruit and grape production where herbicides are not allowed to control weeds in the row space. These non-chemical methods are also spreading into integrated production of fruit and grape. The paper presents trends in the development of machines for mechanical weed control and thermal methods for weed control. In the case of mechanical weed control machines, the offer of machine is large. Their use is also quite widespread. Thermal methods of weed control are not yet widespread, and the supply of thermal control machines is still relatively small.
Unutarnje čišćenje glavnog spremnika za škropivo kod prskalica i orošivača sastavni je dio aplikacije pesticida. Kod tog čišćenja često dolazi i do točkastog onečišćenja okoliša. Posljednjih godina u ...strojeve za primjenu pesticida sve češće se ugrađuje sustav za kontinuirano čišćenje spremnika. Za to je potrebna dodatna crpka¸ mlaznica za čišćenje spremnika, spremnik čiste vode i pravilno spojene cijevi. Dodatna crpka može se pokretati električnim motorom ili hidromotorom. Kontinuirano čišćenja omogućuje bolje čišćenje spremnika u usporedbi s klasičnim sustavom za čišćenje. Izvodi se manjom količinom čiste vode, za samo čišćenje potroši se manje vremena, a ujedno je i ugodnije za korisnika. Ovim postupkom čišćenja korisnik ima niži rizik od kontaminacije pesticidima.
Internal cleaning of the main tank for sprayers and mist blower is an integral part of the pesticide application. This conventional cleaning often results in point sources contamination with pesticide. In recent years, a system for continuous cleaning of tanks has been increasingly installed on pesticide application equipment. This requires an additional clean water pump¸ cleaning nozzle, clean water tank and hoses. The auxiliary clean water pump can be driven by an electric motor
or a hydraulic motor. Continuous internal cleaning allows for better cleaning of the tank compared to a conventional cleaning system. It is performed with a smaller amount of water and takes less time to clean. It is also more comfortable for the user. With this continuous internal cleaning process, the user has a lower risk of contamination with pesticides
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