Abstract
The Surface Resistive Plate Counter (sRPC) is a novel RPC based on surface resistivity
electrodes, a completely different concept with respect to traditional RPCs that use electrodes
...characterised by volume resistivity. The electrodes of the sRPC exploit the well-established
industrial Diamond-Like-Carbon (DLC) sputtering technology on thin (50 μm) polyimide foils,
already introduced in the manufacturing of the resistive MPGDs such as μ-RWELL and MicroMegas, that
allows to realise large area (up to 2 × 0.5 m
2
) electrodes with a surface resistivity
spanning over several orders of magnitude (0.01 ÷ 10 GΩ/□). Two detector layout has
been developed: the baseline layout with the DLC connected to the HV by a single dot connection
outside the active area and the high rate layout with a screen printing a conductive grid onto the
DLC film, which exploit the concept of the high density current evacuation scheme first introduced
for the μ-RWELL. Besides the use in HEP experiments as timing detector this new technology could be
exploited as thermal neutron device for homeland security applications (e.g. Radioactive Portal
Monitors for ports and airports), replacing one or both DLC electrodes of the sRPC with plates
coated with ∼3 μm thick
10
B
4
C layer, thus obtaining neutron converters inside the active
volume of the detector. Results obtained by irradiating the detectors at the calibrated
241
Am-B ENEA-Frascati HOTNES facility will be discussed.
Abstract The μ-RWELL, a resistive Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector with a single amplification stage, is crafted using a copper-clad polyimide foil intricately micro-patterned with a blind hole (well) ...matrix. This matrix is integrated into the readout Printed Circuit Board, complemented by a thin Diamond-Like-Carbon sputtered resistive film, in order to mitigate the transition from streamer to spark regimes, enabling the attainment of substantial gains (≥10 4 ). However, this arrangement diminishes the detector's capacity to withstand high particle fluxes. For low-rate applications, the simplest resistive configuration utilises a single resistive layer with edge grounding. This design, however, exhibits a non-uniform response under elevated particle irradiation. To overcome this behaviour, new current evacuation geometries have been developed. In this work, we examine the efficacy of various high-rate resistive layouts, trialled at the prestigious CERN H8-SpS and PSI πM1 beam testing facilities. These designs are tailored to meet the demanding requisites of detectors operating in the HL-LHC environment, as well as those of future experiments at the next generation colliders, such as the FCC-ee/hh and CepC.
The micro-RWELL detector for the phase-2 upgrade of the LHCb muon system Bencivenni, G.; De Oliveira, R.; Felici, G. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
April 2023, 2023-04-00, Volume:
1049
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The micro-RWELL detector (μ-RWELL) is a single amplification stage resistive Micro Pattern Gaseous Detector (MPGD), based on a copper-clad polyimide foil patterned with a micro-well matrix coupled ...with the readout PCB through a DLC resistive film (10÷100MΩ/□). For the phase-2 upgrade of the LHCb experiment, proposed for the LHC Run-5, the excellent performance of the current muon detector will need to be maintained at 40 times the pile-up level experienced during Run-2. Requirements are challenging for the innermost regions of the muon stations: the detectors should exhibit a rate capability up to 1MHz/cm2 and they are supposed to integrate a charge up to ∼1C/cm2. In this framework an intense optimization program of the micro-RWELL technology has been launched in the last year, together with a technology transfer to the industry operating in the PCB field. In order to fulfill the requirements, a new layout of the detector with a very dense current evacuation grid of the DLC has been designed. The detector, co-produced by the CERN-EP-DT-MPT Workshop, lead by one of the authors, and the ELTOS Company, has been characterized in terms of rate capability exploiting a high intensity X-ray Philips 2217/20 gun with a spot size (10÷50mm diameter) larger than the DLC grounding-pitch. A rate capability exceeding 10MHz/cm2 has been achieved, in agreement with previous results obtained with m.i.p. at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Villigen (CH). A long term stability test is in progress: a charge of about 5mC/cm2 has been integrated over a period of about 16 days. The test will continue, in harder conditions (larger gain and X-ray flux), with the goal to integrate about 1C/cm2 in one year, while a slice test of the detector is under preparation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
4.
The state of art of μ-RWELL technology Bencivenni, G.; de Oliveira, R.; De Lucia, E. ...
Journal of instrumentation,
08/2023, Volume:
18, Issue:
8
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Abstract
The μ-RWELL is a single-amplification stage resistive Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector
(MPGD). The detector amplification element is realized with a single copper-clad polyimide foil
...micro-patterned with a blind hole (well) matrix and embedded in the readout PCB through a thin
Diamond-Like-Carbon (DLC) sputtered resistive film. The introduction of the resistive layer,
suppressing the transition from streamer to spark, allows to achieve large gains (≥ 10
4
)
with a single amplification stage, while partially reducing the capability to stand high particle
fluxes. The simplest resistive layout, designed for low-rate applications, is based on a
single-resistive layer with edge grounding. At high particle fluxes this layout suffers of a
non-uniform response. In order to get rid of such a limitation different current evacuation
geometries have been designed. In this work we report the study of the performance of several
high rate resistive layouts tested at the CERN H8-SpS and PSI πM1 beam test facilities and
with a high intensity 5.9 keV X-ray tube. These layouts fulfill the requirements for the
detectors upgrades at the HL-LHC and for the experiments at the next generation colliders
FCC-ee/hh and CepC.The possibility to realise the detector on flexible elements opens the way to
use the technology for non-planar geometry such as the instrumentation of the Inner Tracker at
future Charm-Tau factories. In addition, it must be stressed that the μ-RWELL device can be
manufactured with full sequential-build-up technology, thus allowing a straightforward technology
transfer of the manufacturing process to the industry.
On the space resolution of the μ-RWELL Bencivenni, G.; Capoccia, C.; Cibinetto, G. ...
Journal of instrumentation,
08/2021, Volume:
16, Issue:
8
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Abstract
In micro-pattern gaseous detectors (MPGD) the evaluation of the space resolution with the charge centroid method provides large uncertainty when the incident particle is not perpendicular to ...the readout plane. An improvement of the position reconstruction is given by the microTPC (μTPC) algorithm: the three-dimensional reconstruction of the particle track inside the detector drift gap is performed using the arrival time of the induced signals on the readout. In this work we report the application of this method to the μ-RWELL detector that, combined with the charge centroid, allows to achieve an almost uniform resolution below 100 μm over a wide angular range.
The μ-RWELL is a new generation Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector, composed of two elements: the cathode and the μ-RWELL_PCB including the amplification stage, realized with a polyimide structure ...micro-patterned with a blind-hole matrix, embedded through a Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) resistive layer with the readout PCB. Different layouts of the resistive stage have been studied: the simplest one is based on a single DLC layer with edge grounding, suitable for low rate applications (30–40 kHz/cm2). More sophisticated schemes are under study for high-rate purposes (up to 2–3 MHz/cm2) in order to optimize the performance and the constructive process. For the phase-2 upgrade of the LHCb muon detector the experiment is targeting a luminosity of 2×1034 cm−2 s−1, with strong requirements on the robustness and detection efficiency of the muon system. We report on the ongoing R&D, showing also the latest measured performances of the new high-rate versions of the detector.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Triple-GEM detectors with pad readout have been employed to equip the innermost region (R1) of the first station (M1) within the Muon system of the LHCb experiment. The GEM detectors have been ...operated with an Ar/CO2/CF4 = 45/15/40 gas mixture at a gas gain of about 4000 with an average particle flux of about 250 kHz/cm2. Throughout RUN1 and RUN2, spanning approximately 440 days of colliding beams, the GEM detectors accumulated a charge of up to 0.5 C/cm2. This paper presents a comparative analysis between a global irradiation test of GEM detectors at the Calliope facility (ENEA-Casaccia, 1.25 MeV γ ray flux from a 60Co source) and the GEMs operated at LHCb, focusing on the impacts of a CF4-based gas mixture. In both instances, the detectors were opened and the GEM foils were examined by the EN-MME-MM CERN group with a Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM) for a magnified image analysis and an X-Max Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) for the chemical one.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The surface Resistive Plate Counter (sRPC) is a new RPC based on surface resistive electrodes realized with Diamond-Like-Carbon (DLC) sputtered on Apical\protect \relax \special {t4ht=®} foil. ...Exploiting the high rate resistive MPGD technology, detectors able to stand several tens of kHz/cm2 can be easily developed. The scalability of the technology allows the construction of detectors for large area applications at future high luminosity colliders.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this work we present a novel idea for a compact spark-protected single amplification stage Micro-Pattern Gas Detector (MPGD). The detector amplification stage, realized with a structure very ...similar to a GEM foil, is embedded through a resistive layer in the readout board. A cathode electrode, defining the gas conversion/drift gap, completes the detector mechanics. The new structure, that we call micro-Resistive WELL (mu-RWELL), has some characteristics in common with previous MPGDs, such as C.A.T. and WELL, developed more than ten years ago. The prototype object of the present study has been realized in the 2009 by TE-MPE-EM Workshop at CERN. The new architecture is a very compact MPGD, robust against discharges and exhibiting a large gain (~ 6 x 10 super(3)), simple to construct and easy for engineering and then suitable for large area tracking devices as well as huge calorimetric apparata.
Abstract
The goal of the uRANIA-V (μ-RWELL Advanced Neutron Imaging Apparatus) project is the
development of an innovative thermal neutron detector based on micro-Resistive WELL
(μ-RWELL) technology ...and surface Resistive Plate Counter (sRPC) technology. A thin layer of
10
B
4
C on the cathode surface allows the thermal neutron conversion into
7
Li and
α
ions to be easily detected in the active volume of the device. These charged particles
ionize the gas in the detectors and the readout measures the signal. Test results with different
converter layouts show that a thermal neutron (25meV) detection efficiency between
5 ÷ 10 % can be achieved with a single detector. A detailed comparison between the
experimental data and the full simulation of the neutron physics and the detector behavior has
been performed. Future applications of these technologies range from neutron diffraction imaging
to radioactive waste monitor or radiation portal monitoring for homeland security. In this
proceeding, the results of the neutron conversion optimization of the Boron thickness and the
converted geometry will be discussed together with the development of new electronics integrated
with μ-RWELL and sRPC. Experimental results and simulation measurements will be compared.
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