Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are chronic conditions, which have a higher risk of transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was ...to answer the question: “What is the prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders among adults?” Studies reporting the prevalence of these conditions (leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral submucous fibrosis OSMF, and actinic cheilitis) were selected, only studies in which a clinical assessment and histopathological confirmation were performed were included. Of the 5513 studies, 22 met the inclusion criteria for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The risk of bias (RoB) of the selected studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. Seven studies were classified as high risk, 12 as moderate risk, and 3 as low RoB. The meta‐analysis showed that the prevalence of OPMD was 4.47% (95% CI = 2.43‐7.08). The most prevalent OPMDs were OSMF (4.96%; 95% CI = 2.28‐8.62) and leukoplakia (4.11%; 95% CI = 1.98‐6.97). OPMDs were identified more commonly in males (59.99%; 95% CI = 41.27‐77.30). Asian and South American/Caribbean populations had the highest prevalence rates of 10.54% (95% CI = 4.60‐18.55) and 3.93% (95% CI = 2.43‐5.77), respectively. The overall prevalence of OPMD worldwide was 4.47%, and males were more frequently affected by these disorders. The prevalence of OPMD differs between populations; therefore, further population‐based studies may contribute to the better understanding of these differences.
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Abstract Introduction Endodontic diagnosis depends on accurate radiographic examination. Assessment of the location and extent of apical periodontitis (AP) can influence treatment planning and ...subsequent treatment outcomes. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the diagnostic accuracy of conventional radiography and cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging on the discrimination of AP from no lesion. Methods Eight electronic databases with no language or time limitations were searched. Articles in which the primary objective was to evaluate the accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of any type of radiographic technique to assess AP in humans were selected. The gold standard was the histologic examination for actual AP ( in vivo ) or in situ visualization of bone defects for induced artificial AP ( in vitro ). Accuracy measurements described in the studies were transformed to construct receiver operating characteristic curves and forest plots with the aid of Review Manager v.5.2 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark) and MetaDisc v.1.4. software (Unit of Clinical Biostatistics Team of the Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain). The methodology of the selected studies was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Results Only 9 studies met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to a qualitative analysis. A meta-analysis was conducted on 6 of these articles. All of these articles studied artificial AP with induced bone defects. The accuracy values (area under the curve) were 0.96 for CBCT imaging, 0.73 for conventional periapical radiography, and 0.72 for digital periapical radiography. No evidence was found for panoramic radiography. Conclusions Periapical radiographs (digital and conventional) reported good diagnostic accuracy on the discrimination of artificial AP from no lesions, whereas CBCT imaging showed excellent accuracy values.
The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the associations among education, income and dietary pattern (DP) in children and adolescents from high, medium and low human development countries ...(HHDC, MHDC and LHDC, respectively). Observational studies that evaluated the association between family income or education with the DP are obtained through electronic database searches. Forty articles are selected for review. In HHDC, education is inversely associated with "unhealthy" DP and positively associated with "healthy" DP. In cross-sectional studies from HHDC, higher income is negatively associated with "unhealthy" DP. In MHDC, there is no association between the socioeconomic variables (SE) and the DPs, although, in some studies, the unhealthy diet is positively associated with SE. Only one study conducted in LHDC showed an inverse association between income/education with "unhealthy" DP and there is no association between the SE and "healthy" DP. In conclusion, children and adolescents living in HHDC with high parental education tend to have a healthier diet. In MHDC, although an unhealthy diet is found among the high-income and educated population, the associations are not clear. Additional research is needed to clarify the associations between income and education with "unhealthy" and "healthy" DPs in MHDC and LHDC.
Objectives
To synthesise available knowledge about both sleep (SB) and awake bruxism (AB) as depicted by previous published systematic reviews (SR).
Methods
SR investigating any bruxism‐related ...outcome were selected in a two‐phase process. Searches were performed on seven main electronic databases and a partial grey literature search on three databases. Risk of bias of included SR was assessed using the “University of Bristol's tool for assessing risk of bias in SR”.
Results
From 1038 studies, 41 SR were included. Findings from these SR suggested that (a) among adults, prevalence of AB was 22%‐30%, SB (1%‐15%), and SB among children and adolescents (3%‐49%); (b) factors consistently associated with bruxism were use of alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, some psychotropic medications, oesophageal acidification and second‐hand smoke; temporomandibular disorder signs and symptoms presented a plausible association; (c) portable diagnostic devices showed overall higher values of specificity (0.83‐1.00) and sensitivity (0.40‐1.00); (d) bruxism might result in biomechanical complications regarding dental implants; however, evidence was inconclusive regarding other dental restorations and periodontal impact; (e) occlusal appliances were considered effective for bruxism management, although current evidence was considered weak regarding other therapies.
Conclusions
Current knowledge from SR was mostly related to SB. Higher prevalence rates were found in children and adolescents than in adults. Associated factors and bruxism effects on stomatognathic structures were considerably heterogeneous and inconsistent. Overall good accuracy regarding portable diagnostic devices was found. Interventions' effectiveness was mostly inconclusive regarding the majority of available therapies, with the exception of occlusal appliances.
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5.
Prevalence of trigeminal neuralgia: A systematic review De Toledo, Isabela Porto; Conti Réus, Jéssica; Fernandes, Mariana ...
The Journal of the American Dental Association (1939),
07/2016, Volume:
147, Issue:
7
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The aim of this systematic review was to answer the focused question, "What are the prevalence and the epidemiological characteristics of trigeminal neuralgia in the general population?"
This ...systematic review included observational population-based studies reporting the prevalence of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The authors developed specific search strategies for LILACS, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The authors evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies using criteria from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Among 728 studies, the authors selected only 3 for inclusion. Two studies were classified as having low risk of bias and 1 as having moderate risk. The sample size ranged from 1,838 to 13,541 adults. This review identified a higher prevalence of TN in women, ranging from 0.03% (95% confidence interval CI, 0.01-0.08) to 0.3% (95% CI, 0.16-0.55). The maxillary and mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve were the most affected. The proportion between women and men who had TN was 3 to 1, and those in the age bracket between 37 and 67 years were the most affected.
The authors of this review identified a higher prevalence of TN in women older than 40 years that usually affected the maxillary and mandibular branches. Further research is required to validate the prevalence of TN in a well-structured, population-based study without a convenience sample.
An avulsion injury is a serious trauma to pulp and periodontal tissues. After avulsion and replantation, teeth are at risk of infection and root resorption, which may affect treatment outcome and ...survival rate. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the incidence of root resorption after the replantation of avulsed teeth.
Two reviewers searched 7 electronic databases for observational studies involving human subjects that evaluated the incidence of root resorption after tooth avulsion. Risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated using the Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument, and the quality of available evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool.
Of the 1507 articles, 23 met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was conducted and showed that the incidence of internal root resorption was 1.2% (95% confidence interval CI, 0.02–5.50). Regarding external root resorption, the incidence of surface root resorption was 13.3% (95% CI, 6.21–22.62), that of inflammatory root resorption was 23.2% (95% CI, 13.94–34.19), and that of replacement root resorption was 51.0% (95% CI, 40.10–62.00). Two studies presented a high RoB, 16 had a moderate RoB, and 11 had a low RoB. The overall level of evidence identified was very low.
The incidence of root resorption after avulsion and replantation in descending order was replacement root resorption > inflammatory root resorption > surface root resorption > internal root resorption.
1.This meta-analysis investigated the available evidence regarding root resorption (RR) after replantation of avulsed teeth.2.In general, the incidence of RR related to replantation of avulsed teeth is high.3.Specifically, the most common incident type of resorption was replacement RR followed by inflammatory RR, surface RR, and internal RR.
To investigate the anatomical variations of the mandibular canal through assessment in situ, panoramic radiography, CT or CBCT and assess their frequency.
Articles were selected from databases ...(Cochrane Library, LILACS, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar), articles without limitations of language, in which the main objective was to evaluate the frequency of bifurcation of the mandibular canal through assessment in situ, panoramic radiography, CT or CBCT were selected. A meta-analysis of prevalence using random effects was performed.
Using a selection process in two phases, 15 articles were identified, and a meta-analysis was conducted. The results from these meta-analyses showed that the overall prevalence of anatomical variations for in situ studies was 6.46%, and through assessment of panoramic radiography and CT or CBCT the overall prevalence shown was 4.20% and 16.25%, respectively.
There are two types of variations of the mandibular canal: the retromolar canal and bifid mandibular canal. The frequency variations through assessing in situ, panoramic radiography and CT or CBCT were 6.46%, 4.20% and 16.25%, respectively.
Background/Aim
Combat sports might result in injuries to the face and teeth. However, it is unclear how often they occur and which sports presents the highest rates. The aim of this study was to ...investigate the prevalence of dentofacial injuries in combat sports participants.
Material and Methods
A systematic review was performed. Six main electronic databases and three grey literature databases were searched. Studies were blindly selected by two reviewers based on pre‐defined eligibility criteria. Studies that evaluated the prevalence of dentofacial injuries (teeth, alveolar bone, jaw, lips, and/or cheekbones) among combat sports participants were considered eligible. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. The software r statistics version was used to perform all meta‐analyses. Cumulative evidence of the included articles was evaluated using GRADE criteria (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation).
Results
From 1104 articles found on all databases, 27 were finally included. Eighteen studies were judged at low, seven at moderate, and two at high risk of bias. The following sports were investigated: boxing, capoeira, fencing, jiu‐jitsu, judo, karate, kendo, kickboxing, kung fu, muay thai, sumo, taekwondo, wrestling, and wushu. Results from the meta‐analysis suggested a dental pooled prevalence of 25.2% (12.3%‐40.8%, i2 = 100%) and dentofacial pooled prevalence of 30.3 (18.1%‐44.1%, i2 = 100%). Considering the sports' categories individually, jiu‐jitsu had the highest pooled prevalence of dentofacial injuries (52.9% 37.9%‐67.8%, i2 = 92%), while judo was the sport with the lowest pooled prevalence (25.0% 7.6%‐48.2%, i2 = 98%). Among Panamerican sports, boxing had the highest prevalence of dental injuries (73.7% 58.7%‐86.3%, i2 = 0%). For dentofacial injuries, the GRADE criteria were considered low.
Conclusions
Overall pooled prevalence of dentofacial injuries in combat sports was approximately 30%. Raising awareness regarding the frequency of these injuries might encourage the use of protective devices and reduce complications related to these incidents.
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Implants in the anterior region are challenging, and literature reporting outcomes of narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) in anterior sites is scarce. This systematic review summarized evidence of ...functional and esthetic performance of anterior single crowns supported by NDIs.
Ten databases were searched to find studies evaluating anterior single crowns supported by NDIs. Risk of bias was assessed, and random-effects meta-analyses were applied to analyze mean differences in survival, success, and marginal bone level (MBL). The review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42018089886).
Twenty-one studies meeting the screening criteria were included for qualitative analysis, and three for meta-analysis. A total of 892 NDIs, placed in 736 patients, were analyzed. Follow-up duration varied from 12 months to 14 years (mean: 40 months), and 16 failures (implant loss) were recorded. Fixed-effect meta-analysis (I
= 0%) of survival rate revealed a risk difference of 0.02 (95% CI: -0.03 to 0.08), between NDIs and controls (regular-diameter implants), without differences between groups (P = .39). Success rates ranged from 84.2% to 100% (mean: 95.2%). Random-effects meta-analysis (I
= 56%) of MBL indicated a mean difference of 0.02 mm (95% CI: -0.21 to 0.25), without differences between groups (P = .87).
Single crowns supported by NDIs are a predictable treatment, since their survival rate and MBL are comparable to those supported by regular-diameter implants. Due to data shortage reporting esthetic outcomes, more studies are needed to evaluate the long-term performance of the single crowns supported by NDIs in the anterior region.
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to answer the following question: “Are there any differences in opiorphin biomarker concentrations between different orofacial conditions and controls?”. ...Two reviewers searched for observational studies that evaluated the levels of opiorphin in orofacial conditions, annotated in seven main databases and three that compile gray literature. Of the 443 articles obtained initially, 8 met the inclusion criteria for quantitative analyses. Relative percentages showed a mean 24.1% higher opiorphin concentration in chronic conditions (Burning Mouth Syndrome, Oral Potentially Malignant Diseases and Temporomandibular Disorder) compared to controls; 33.2% higher opiorphin in sustained pain (Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis, Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis, Painful Oral Soft-tissue conditions); and 21.7% higher opiorphin after stimuli (Corneal Foreign Body, Capsaicin). Meta-analysis revealed a standardized mean difference of 0.62 0.02, 1.22 in the absolute concentration of opiorphin in saliva for the chronic group compared to the control. The analogous values for the sustained group and the stimulated group were 2.24 0.34, 4.14 and 0.43 0.00, 0.85, respectively. No differences in opiorphin levels were found for ‘after Local Anesthesia before Tooth Extraction’ or for apicoectomy. Based on the available evidence, in general, a statistically higher level of opiorphin is found in orofacial conditions. Salivary opiorphin levels are elevated in chronic, persisted and acute pain conditions, presumably reflecting a physiological homeostatic adaptative response to different conditions such as stress or pain. Salivary opiorphin might therefore be used as a valuable biomarker in several oral disorders.
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