•Ten models of solar air collector were generated to examine the effect of corrugations.•The pitch of triangular corrugation was varied from 55 to 175 mm and optimized.•Flow and performance ...parameters were estimated.•199.95% enhancement is noticed in Nusselt number on corrugated surface.•The optimized pitch of 135 mm was found based on the thermal performance and friction factor.
A numerical attempt was carried out for enhancing the heat transfer phenomena of the solar air collector (SAC) by providing triangular corrugations over the SAC using the commercial software ANSYS fluent. Totally ten domains of SAC were created with different pitches (p) such as 55 (continuous corrugation), 60, 65, 70, 75, 95, 115, 135, 155 and 175 mm. The flow parameters such as velocity, temperature, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent intensity and performance parameters such as Nusselt number (Nu), Nu ratio, friction factor (f), f ratio and thermo-hydraulic performance parameter (THPP) were estimated for both smooth and corrugated surfaces for different Reynold number (Re) of 3000 to 18000. The f and f ratio decreased continuously with Re. An increment of 199.95% in Nu was noticed at p of 55 mm and Re of 3000 compared to a smooth plate. A maximum Nu and THPP of 124.75 and 1.726, respectively, were noticed at p = 135 mm at Re = 18000 and further increase or decrease in p created low Nu and THPP and hence the optimized p was 135 mm. The numerical results were validated with previous research on a similar domain and found good agreement.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Among numerous types of Solar ponds, researchers and scientists have explored Salt Gradient Solar Ponds (SGSP) the most. These artificially constructed solar ponds are directly subjected to solar ...radiation; hence the temperature of the lower region of these ponds rises. This inside heat of the pond could be prevented by the convective heat transfer by making it a brine solution with the addition of some salts such as NaCl, MgCl2, NaNO3, etc. The present review contains the standard characteristics of solar desalination ponds. A summarized representation of the factors affecting the efficiency has been made by including effects of temperature, external heat addition, the effect of reflective covered surface, wall profile of the solar pond, and turbidity. Along with the increment in the efficiency, methods adopted to increase production of the freshwater, design, and economic viability are further covered in brief.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Configuration of corrugations on solar air heater (SAH) was analysed and optimized.•The pitch (p), height (e) and angle (θ) were varied and flow and performance parameters were estimated.•Totally 25 ...computer models were generated for making this proposed configurations.•The Nusselt number (Nu) was improved from 118.4 to 174.26 % when the p and e were varied.•The maximum THPP was observed at the optimized dimensions of p = 130 mm, e = 10 mm and θ = 20°.
Triangular corrugations were used on the absorber surface of the solar air heater (SAH) of an indirect solar dryer to enhance the heat transfer between the working fluid and the plates. A computational approach was dealt with to optimize the configuration of SAH (pitch, p; height, e and corrugation angle, θ) for better thermal performance parameters such as Nusselt number (Nu), thermo-hydraulic performance parameter (THPP) and friction factor (fr). The p and e were varied and hence θ was also varied. There were 25 computer models of SAH generated and a set of simulations were run to identify the impact of p and e. The flow behaviors (velocity, temperature and turbulence parameters) were determined for different p and e. The Nu, Nu ratio, fr and fr ratio were determined for all the models. The Nu was improved from 118.4 to 174.26 % in comparison to the smooth surface when the p and e (and hence θ) were varied. The highest THPP was observed as 1.878 at p = 130 mm, e = 10 mm and θ = 20°. This result is an innovative outcome for SAH industries.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ
We present a green route for the colloidal synthesis of undoped and silver (Ag) doped cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs). We have used olive oil as the reaction medium, which acted as a source ...of oleic acid (OA) ligand in the green synthesis of CdS QDs. With the increase in OA concentration, the dispersibility of CdS QDs improved. The water-dispersible CdS QDs were prepared via exchanging OA’s associated ligand with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). The MPA-capped CdS QDs showed the disappearance of the S-H peak as characterized via FTIR. The crystal and optical properties of Ag-doped CdS QDs were investigated, and the spectral red shift in the absorption spectra was observed. The CdS QDs with low Ag doping concentration increased the lifetime of excitons, but the average lifetime was suppressed at a higher concentration. We also discussed the variation in the properties of the CdS QDs through ligand engineering and Ag doping. These doped and undoped QDs have the potential for applications in photocatalysis, water splitting, solar cells, etc. In addition, water dispersible QDs can be helpful for bioimaging, and drug delivery applications
This study involves the development of a Suspension system for FSAE vehicles participating in the Combustion Category. The front setup is also introduced with a bar-type Anti-Roll Bar (ARB) to ...manipulate the Understeer and Oversteer response of the vehicle. The initial parametric study was performed with an iterative approach in the spreadsheet. Race-cars also have stiffer suspension i.e.; the ride frequency is above 2 Hz; the reason being that the driver does strict maneuvering on the race track. FSAE vehicles have ARB's for better cornering performance and to manipulate the response of the vehicle mainly understeer and oversteer suiting to the driver. Another advantage is the limitation of camber gain caused by the body roll as it improves the traction. Further, the Kinematic study of all the components in the system was analyzed through IPG Kinematic Software. The focus was made on the variation of Camber Angle, Steer Angle, Track Change, and Roll Angle with and without the ARB incorporation. The calculation for the selection of different bearings is also performed. Considering the previous vehicles and the new design goals, parametrizing of the vehicle is also performed. The overhang of the vehicle plays an important factor in the longitudinal load transfer during the braking and acceleration. Forces experienced by all the components were also extracted from the software. This data is then used as the input parameter for Structural Simulation on CAE platform ANSYS. Material properties of Aluminum 6061 T-6 are used for the Bell Cranks and carbon Steel is used for ARB setup. Static structural simulation is performed on the Front Rocker, Upright and Hub. Specific torsional simulation is done on the ARB considering the axial offset position of the support bearing and the loading point on the blade.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Computational modeling and design of artificial porous media has gained immense attention in recent years due to its numerous applications, particularly in the biomedical and electrical industries. ...Conjugate heat transfer study of porous media in an enclosure is performed in several applications to study generated heat dissipation. The present work investigates the characteristics of conjugate heat transfer on various orientations of computationally modeled artificial porous media structure. In the study, the rate of heat transfer is compared for horizontal and vertical orientations of the porous structures which mainly consists of holes and pores. The study also investigates the effect of porosity on heat transfer. Furthermore, the study establishes that for both horizontal and vertical orientations, an increase in porosity results in an increase of the heat transfer rate from the porous media. The work also discusses, the heat transfer occurring due to forced convection in porous structures. Also, we considered a range of velocities from 1 m/s to 4.5 m/s for analyzing the effect of flow rate on the average heat flux.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This work time history analysis is carried out for G+23 storey steel frame building with different pattern of bracing system. The member property of beams 300mm X 400mm and columns 300mm X 500mm and ...ISLB250 sections are used to compare for same patterns of beam, column and bracings. A software package ETABS SOFTWARE is using for the analysis of steel buildings and different parameters are compared. The property of the section is used as IS 456:2016 and per IS 800:2007 which is analysis for various types of bracings like X, V, inverted V, Eccen Forward, Eccen Back and without bracing and Performance of each frame is carried out and studied the comparatively through Response Spectrum Method as per IS:1893:2016. In this study model a G+23 with Square Shape building Plan 52m X 52m, height of each floor is 3.2m and Structure in Etabs software by Response Spectrum Method and Analysis the Earthquake analysis of the Structure in seismic zones III with soil Medium conditions. Parameter Using:Type of Building: RC buildings with and without Steel Bracing System Number of Floors: G+23 (Square Shape Building)Section Property: Beam size 300X400mm, Column size 300X500mm, and ISLB250 sections. Seismic Zone- III, Soil Site factor 2 for Medium Soil, Damping = 5% (as per table-3 clause 6.4.2), Zone factor for zone III, Z=0.16), Importance Factor I=1.5 (Important structure as per Table-6), Response Reduction Factor R=5 for Special steel moment resisting frame Table-7), Sa/g= Average acceleration coefficient (depend on Natural fundamental period)Grade of concrete is considered M25, Grade of Rebar is considered Fe-415, Grade of Steel –Fe-345,Dead Load for Wall = (3.2-0.4) X 0.23X20= 12.88 KN/m
The performance of any Electric vehicle depends upon the Power Battery used in the vehicle. Both very high as well as low temperatures can have a negative impact on the efficiency of the battery. ...Operation of a battery at a high temperature may lead to overheating or even lead to an explosion of the battery which has been witnessed in lots of cases. If a battery operates at a lower temperature then also it might be complicated for the batteries to work efficiently, So this paper focuses on the Thermal management system of Lithium-ion batteries. There are different methods and ways studied by previous researchers by which rise in the temperature in the batteries could be balanced. A phase change material (PCM) having properties of copper foam/paraffin was used in the battery pack to get the optimum temperature for the battery module. Phase change materials have a lower value of thermal conductivity so in this study copper foam was used which has a better thermal conductivity value i.e 0.21 W/m-K. Solidus and liquidus temperature also play a major role in determining the temperature rise. The rise in temperature in the battery module depends on how the cell inside the modules is arranged. It also depends on the shape and size of the cells used. This paper focuses on getting the most accurate arrangement of the cells to get the most efficient battery module.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
10.
Lapdock: Brainless Laptop Prajapati, Shivam
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology,
07/2021, Volume:
9, Issue:
VII
Journal Article
Open access
Lapdock is based on the idea of providing a variation to our typical laptops and making them more efficient and comfortable to use. It is made up of two words mainly: - lap (seated person’s upper ...leg) and dock (plug or anchor) 1. Lapdocks do not contain CPU of their own and this makes them different from laptops despite their similar appearance. The good thing about lapdocks is that lapdocks do not store any data in them. The devices are powered by using other devices that come with embedded O.S. For example: - Android phones, Raspberry pi etc. As these lapdocks do not contain any fragile part such as CPU or HDDs, it adds to its durability. All you need to do is to connect your intelligent devices to lapdock using a cable such as an HDMI cable and the lapdock is ready to be used. A lapdock is not a typical appliance, but it is the ultimate device and future of laptops. On an average, it is quite rare to change our laptops frequently. Laptops are expensive devices and require a lot of software to be downloaded while purchasing them. For their proper functioning, the software needs to be updated on a regular basis. Along with this, the other devices such as your phones and cameras are also needed to be updated accordingly. Using lapdocks we can get rid of tedious and costly tasks by updating just one device and using it to do our work. It is quite usual for people to change their mobile phones frequently as new and advanced features are launched in the market. With auto update it is easier to keep your phones updated than to update or change your laptop. There can be numerous reasons to change your phones: - phones become slower, crash, the bater might deplete fast, the camera becomes outdated and so on. People require new phones, whether for a new feature, technological development, or merely to modify. So, getting the latest phone is quite common and hence lapdocks are a better option. These devices are durable and need no applications. Infact, they do not require any other technical support so they need not be upgraded or replaced on a regular basis. That is why lapdocks are indeed the future and a workable alternative to owning a single long-lasting item and as a result avoiding obsolete electronic waste.
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