Using an 185-kg NaITl array, COHERENT has measured the inclusive electron-neutrino chargedcurrent cross section on 127I with pion decay-at-rest neutrinos produced by the Spallation Neutron Source at ...Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Iodine is one the heaviest targets for which low-energy (≤ 50 MeV) inelastic neutrino-nucleus processes have been measured, and this is the first measurement of its inclusive cross section. After a five-year detector exposure, COHERENT reports a flux-averaged cross section for electron neutrinos of ${9.2}_{—1.8}^{+2.1}$ × 10—40 cm2. This corresponds to a value that is ~41% lower than predicted using the MARLEY event generator with a measured Gamow-Teller strength distribution. In addition, the observed visible spectrum from charged-current scattering on 127I has been measured between 10 and 55 MeV, and the exclusive zero-neutron and one-or-more-neutron emission cross sections are measured to be ${5.2}_{—3.1}^{+3.4}$ × 10—40 and ${2.2}_{—2.2}^{+3.5}$ × 10—40 cm2, respectively.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Objective: To identify the prevalence of three mental disorders (Depressive Disorder, Conduct Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), the prevalence of mental health problems, the ...health-related quality of life of those with problems, and patterns of service utilisation of those with and without mental health problems, among 4–17-year-olds in Australia. To identify rates of health-risk behaviours among adolescents with mental health problems.
Method: The mental disorders were assessed using the parent-version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV. Parents completed the Child Behaviour Checklist to identify mental health problems and standard questionnaires to assess healthrelated quality of life and service use. The Youth Risk Behaviour Questionnaire completed by adolescents was employed to identify health-risk behaviours.
Results: Fourteen percent of children and adolescents were identified as having mental health problems. Many of those with mental health problems had problems in other areas of their lives and were at increased risk for suicidal behaviour. Only 25%% of those with mental health problems had attended a professional service during the six months prior to the survey.
Conclusion: Child and adolescent mental health problems are an important public health problem in Australia. The appropriate balance between funding provided for clinical interventions focusing on individual children and families and funding for interventions that focus on populations, requires careful study. The latter are an essential component of any strategy to reduce mental health problems as the high prevalence of problems makes it unlikely that individual care will ever be available for all those needing help. Clinical and population health interventions must take into account the comorbid problems experienced by children with mental disorders.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
We examined postprandial branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), insulin, and glucose responses in blood for 4 h following the consumption of two isonitrogenous doses (2 × 20 g protein) of Greek-style ...yogurt (GY) and skimmed milk (MILK) in young males. Peak leucine and BCAA concentrations and areas under the curve were greater after GY versus MILK, and time to maximal leucine/BCAA concentrations was similar between conditions. We demonstrated that different protein-matched wholefood dairy products elicit different postprandial aminoacidemic responses.
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DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We consider the potential for a 10 kg undoped cryogenic CsI detector operating at the Spallation Neutron Source to measure coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering and its sensitivity to discover ...new physics beyond the standard model (BSM). Through a combination of increased event rate, lower threshold, and good timing resolution, such a detector would significantly improve on past measurements. We considered tests of several BSM scenarios such as neutrino nonstandard interactions and accelerator-produced dark matter. This detector’s performance was also studied for relevant questions in nuclear physics and neutrino astronomy, namely the weak charge distribution of Cs and I nuclei and detection of neutrinos from a core-collapse supernova. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Summary
We conducted a narrative review in six areas of obstetric emergencies: category‐1 caesarean section; difficult and failed airway; massive obstetric haemorrhage; hypertensive crisis; ...emergencies related to neuraxial anaesthesia; and maternal cardiac arrest. These areas represent significant research published within the last five years, with emphasis on large multicentre randomised trials, national or international practice guidelines and recommendations from major professional societies. Key topics discussed: prevention and management of failed neuraxial technique; role of high‐flow nasal oxygenation and choice of neuromuscular drug in obstetric patients; prevention of accidental awareness during general anaesthesia; management of the difficult and failed obstetric airway; current perspectives on the use of tranexamic acid, fibrinogen concentrate and cell salvage; guidance on neuraxial placement in a thrombocytopenic obstetric patient; management of neuraxial drug errors, local anaesthetic systemic toxicity and unusually prolonged neuraxial block regression; and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use in maternal cardiac arrest.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Using an 185-kg NaITl array, COHERENT has measured the inclusive electron-neutrino charged-current cross section on ^{127}I with pion decay-at-rest neutrinos produced by the Spallation Neutron Source ...at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Iodine is one the heaviest targets for which low-energy (≤50 MeV) inelastic neutrino-nucleus processes have been measured, and this is the first measurement of its inclusive cross section. After a five-year detector exposure, COHERENT reports a flux-averaged cross section for electron neutrinos of 9.2_{-1.8}^{+2.1}×10^{-40} cm^{2}. This corresponds to a value that is ∼41% lower than predicted using the MARLEY event generator with a measured Gamow-Teller strength distribution. In addition, the observed visible spectrum from charged-current scattering on ^{127}I has been measured between 10 and 55 MeV, and the exclusive zero-neutron and one-or-more-neutron emission cross sections are measured to be 5.2_{-3.1}^{+3.4}×10^{-40} and 2.2_{-0.5}^{+0.4}×10^{-40} cm^{2}, respectively.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Quantifying the strength evolution of faults that cut the lithosphere is essential to better understand seismicity in continental regions. We estimate differential stresses and principal stress ...orientations driving rapid slip of ∼10 mm/yr on the active Mai'iu low‐angle normal fault (LANF), SE Papua New Guinea. The fault's mafic footwall hosts a well‐preserved sequence of mylonite, (ultra‐)cataclasite, and gouge. In these fault rocks, we combine stress inversion of fault‐slip data and paleostress analysis of syntectonically emplaced calcite veins with microstructural and clumped‐isotope geothermometry to constrain a syn‐exhumational sequence of deformation stresses and temperatures, and to construct a stress profile through the exhumed footwall of the active Mai'iu LANF. This includes: (a) at ∼12–20 km depth (T ≈ 275–370°C), mylonites accommodated slip on the Mai'iu fault at low differential stresses (>25–135 MPa) before being overprinted by localized brittle deformation at shallower depths; (b) at ∼6–12 km depth (T ≈ 130–275°C) differential stresses in the foliated cataclasites and ultracataclasites were high enough (>150 MPa) to drive slip on a mid‐crustal portion of the fault (dipping 30–40°), and to trigger brittle yielding of mafic footwall rocks in a zone of mixed‐mode seismic/aseismic slip; and (c) at shallower crustal depths (T < 150°C; depth <6 km) on the most poorly oriented segment of the Mai'iu LANF (dipping ∼22°), slip occurred on frictionally weak clay‐rich gouges (μ ≈ 0.15–0.38). Subvertical σ1 and subhorizontal σ3 parallel to the extension direction, with σ1 ≈ σ2 (constriction), reflect vertical unloading and 3‐D bending strain during rolling‐hinge style flexure of the footwall.
Key Points
High differential stresses drive slip on a 35° dipping part of the Mai'iu fault and cause brittle yielding of strong mafic footwall rocks
A differential stress peak of 140–185 MPa at 6–12 km depth was identified in a zone of mixed‐mode seismic‐ and aseismic slip
The Mai'iu fault is frictionally weak (μ ≈ 0.15–0.38) at shallow depth (<6 km) where it is a true low‐angle normal fault (dipping ∼22°)
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
