MPM has a uniquely poor somatic mutational landscape, mainly driven by environmental selective pressure. This feature has dramatically limited the development of effective treatment. However, genomic ...events are known to be associated with MPM progression, and specific genetic signatures emerge from the exceptional crosstalk between neoplastic cells and matrix components, among which one main area of focus is hypoxia. Here we discuss the novel therapeutic strategies focused on the exploitation of MPM genetic asset and its interconnection with the surrounding hypoxic microenvironment as well as transcript products and microvesicles representing both an insight into the pathogenesis and promising actionable targets.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper deals with the origin of the Pretare clastic deposit (PRA), which crops out along the Morricone fluvial valley in the Central Apennines of Italy. With the aim of deciphering the genesis of ...the PRA deposit, geological s.l. and geomorphological analyses were carried out allowing for the interpretation of the PRA deposit as a rock avalanche. Furthermore, geological cross sections constrained by well-log and field survey data, together with stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and morphometric analyses, allowed us to assign the deposit to a catastrophic rock slope failure, which occurred during a cold climate of the Late Pleistocene. Several issues concerning the propagation mechanisms were inferred from the mapping of 350 boulders over the entire accumulation area and from the measure of the morphometric parameters of the landslide body. We also performed a restoration of the potential source area by comparing the reconstructed pre- and post-failure DEMs. A missing volume of 8.41 × 106 m3 was estimated on the south-eastern side of the Vettore Mt., which is consistent with the deposit volume computed from the geological interpretation (10.56 × 106 m3). The outcomes of this study provide useful insights for a better understanding of the Quaternary morpho-evolution of the Central Apennines area where analogous rock avalanche events marked the recent evolution of the belt.
Deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSDs) show a wide range of geomorphological characteristics and kinematic behaviours. In many cases, deforming rock masses move on a continuous surface ...or a thick basal shear zone (BSZ) overlying the stable bedrock. The nature of this boundary is a significant issue in scientific debates since examples of BSZs have been observed or inferred in some DSGSDs worldwide. In the central Apennines, although several cases of DSGSDs have been described in recent decades, no evidence of BSZs has been documented thus far.
This work presents the first case of a BSZ found in the region at the bottom of a large-scale gravitational deformation that affects the Mesozoic-Cenozoic carbonate ridge overhanging the Luco dei Marsi village (Abruzzi region). The BSZ consists of several metres-thick, cataclastic breccia developed within middle-Upper Cretaceous biodetritic limestone. The breccia level is exposed for approximately 200 m with a subhorizontal geometry and shows severe rock damage and weathering.
The DSGSD hosting the BSZ affects an NNW-SSE-oriented and wide Miocene anticline whose eastern limb is dismembered by Pliocene-Quaternary normal faults delimiting the edge of a large Quaternary intermontane basin (the Fucino Basin). Field survey, aerial photointerpretation, and remote sensing (DInSAR technique) analyses outline an active gravity-driven process. This is characterized by several kinds of geomorphological features, including downhill- and uphill-facing scarps, ridge-top depressions, gravitational grabens and trenches in the upper and middle parts of the ridge, and bulging at the toe of the slope. These features, which can be distinguished from tectonic elements due to their shape and extension, are an indication of a high degree of internal deformation and a compound sagging geometry for the Luco dei Marsi DSGSD.
The short-term activity of the process was revealed by DInSAR time series covering almost thirty years of satellite datasets, including ERS1/2, ENVISAT, COSMO-SkyMed, and SENTINEL 1 constellations. Strain rates on the order of a few mm/yr were inferred, with a marked difference between different sectors of the DSGSD area. The long-term (y > 102) lifespan of the DSGSD was framed into a multiple-step conceptual model summarizing the Early Pleistocene-Holocene geological evolution of the area. The model results outline the control exercised by extensional tectonics on DSGSD development, as progressive displacements along normal faults in the latest Pleistocene were the cause of lateral unconfinement at the toe of the slope.
This work further contributes to the increasing knowledge on DSGSDs in the central Apennines and the understanding of the relationship between deformation features induced by slope morphogenesis, such as the BSZ, and Quaternary tectonics within the mountain belt.
•An unknown case of DSGSD found in the central Apennines is presented.•For the first time a basal shear zone was observed in the mountain belt.•DInsar datasets elaboration proved the present state of activity of the DSGSD.•Slope deformation was originated by Quaternary normal faulting along the footslope.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The Campi Flegrei (CF) caldera, in southern Italy, is the source of some of the most powerful Late Pleistocene eruptions of the European sub-continent (e.g., Campanian Ignimbrite, Neapolitan Yellow ...Tuff eruptions). Although the CF caldera has been continuously and intensively investigated for decades, relatively little is known regarding its earliest volcanic activity. In this work, integrating existing and new tephrostratigraphic data, we provide a comprehensive and updated framework for the CF volcanic activity which has occurred at ∼160 ka and between ∼110 ka and ∼90 ka. The new tephrostratigraphic, geochemical (EMPA + LA-ICP-MS), chronological (40Ar/39Ar dating) and grain-size distribution data relate to CF tephra deposits preserved in mid-proximal (Campanian Plain), distal (Tyrrhenian Sea) and ultra-distal (Lower Danube area) sedimentary archives. Our results allowed us to recognize the presence of at least 13 CF eruptions covering the investigated time frame, with 12 eruptions occurring between 110 and 90 ka. Our high-resolution stratigraphic and chronological investigation also allowed us to recognize that the Triflisco/C-22 tephra, previously considered as a single marker layer, can be actually separated into three different events, sourced from within the CF area in the short time interval of ∼93-90 ka, suggesting a more complex and intense volcanic history than previously thought. Moreover, a Bayesian age-depth model, constrained by previous and new high precision 40Ar/39Ar ages, has led to a reliable estimate of the ages of those undated CF eruptions. Overall, the updated framework on the stratigraphy, chronology, dispersion, and geochemistry of the CF tephra of ∼160 ka and between 110 ka and 90 ka consolidates the notion that the Middle-Late Pleistocene activity in theCF area represents a significant stage of its volcanic evolution, characterised by intense and frequent explosive eruptions.
•Widespread Middle-Late Pleistocene Mediterranean tephra layers were investigated.•New geochemical and chronological constraints for the volcanic activity at CF.•Unknown, older than ∼90 ka large magnitude events recognized and correlated to CF.•New volcanic history reconstruction could be pivotal for future hazard assessment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
New stratigraphic constraints have been detailed for the Amatrice Basin, an intermountain morpho‐structural depression of the central Apennines (Italy) hosting up to 60‐m‐thick Quaternary continental ...deposits. Through the results coming from a 1:5,000 scale field survey and from facies analyses, we documented the geometry, thickness, and extent of the post‐orogenic continental deposits filling this basin. The Quaternary deposits form a complex architecture of purely aggradational and aggradational/degradational terraces with a dominant component of conglomerates and gravels, at the bottom, and subordinate sands, at the top. The Quaternary deposits overlie an up to 1‐km‐thick succession of flysch sediments that accumulated in the western Laga Basin during the Miocene syn‐orogenic phases in central Apennines. The collected data are used to constrain the style and mechanisms of both syn‐orogenic (i.e., subsidence and terrigenous sedimentation in foredeep environment) and post‐orogenic (i.e., uplift, erosion, and continental sedimentation) phases documented for the central Apennines. In particular, the post‐orogenic history of the Amatrice Basin, if compared with those of surrounding intermountain basins of the central Apennines, includes limited basin subsidence, reduced thickness of the post‐orogenic covers and progressive deepening of the drainage network during the Quaternary. The results shed light on the source‐to‐sink history of the Amatrice Basin, which results from a long‐lived interaction between regional‐scale factors (climate changes, chain uplift, and extensional tectonic regime) that influenced the activity of the hydrodynamic pattern and the amount of intrabasinal sedimentation during the Quaternary.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We studied the sea-level change and the volcano-tectonic behaviour of the pericoastal belt of Procida and Vivara islands, which are part of the insular Phlegraean Fields in the Naples Bay, southern ...Italy, on the basis of geological, geomorphological, and archaeological markers. The recognition of two outcrops of submerged beachrocks and the use of many different archaeological remains allowed us to better constrain the morpho-evolutionary history of the study area in term of both temporal and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. The archaeological heritage of the Phlegraean area is very rich, spanning from the Bronze Age to the Middle Age and presenting a high density of evidence, also in the submarine environment. The submarine geomorphological survey furnished numerous new data for the construction of reliable eustatic and subsidence curves. Three major episodes of subsidence can be recognized in the Phlegraean area, in the Bronze Age, Roman period, and Middle Age. The events related to the oldest period have been linked to the history of the Vivara-Procida geoarchaeological system, whereas the subsequent episodes recorded in the study area have been correlated to the Roman and Medieval episodes of subsidence recorded in part of the continental Phlegraean area. The sea-level curve reveals some differences with regard the other similar curves from the continental area, both in the amount of subsidence in single time intervals and for the absence of positive motion during the post-Roman period. The curve relative to the subsidence rates is characterized by a cyclic alternation of periods with different rates, with a frequency of about 2 ky, due to the inversion of the volcano-tectonic vertical mobility.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The Phlegrean Volcanic District is well known for its geoarchaeological evidence of vertical ground movements and coastal changes since the Roman period. In this paper we present the results obtained ...by studying the geomorphology and archaeology offshore of the Vivara and Procida islands, which were frequented by Aegean-Mycenaeans during the Bronze Age. The study allowed several palaeo-coastlines to be identified between 1 and 21 m b.s.l.. The lowest one is tentatively assigned to ca. 7000 BP, while those between -18 and -10 m are referred to date to the 18th to the 15th century B.C. on the basis of landing structures and other archaeological finds. The traces of other short-lived, relative sea-level stands have been found at about -8.5/-10, -5/-6, -3.5, -2.5 and -1 m. The study area underwent a discontinuous subsidence of about 15 m during the last 3800 years.
Géoarchéologie de la péninsule italienne Abate, Maurizio; Aiello, Giuseppe; Allevato, Emilia ...
Méditerranée (Aix-en-Provence, France),
2009
112
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Le n°112 de Méditerranée, consacré à la géoarchéologie de la péninsule italienne, aborde l’impact des sociétés humaines dans l’évolution des paysages et des modelés de la péninsule surtout à partir ...de la colonisation grecque à l’époque archaïque. Ce numéro fait suite au colloque international de Salerno qui s’est déroulé en septembre 2007 et a traité du thème « People/environment relationships from the mesolithic to the middle ages : recent geo-archeological findings in Southern Italy ». Il concrétise 10 ans de collaboration scientifique entre les chercheurs de l’université d’Aix-Marseille, du Centre Jean Bérard et de l’université Federico Due de Naples. Trois langues véhiculaires ont été utilisées, l’anglais, le français et l’italien. Tous les résultats présentés sont inédits et de nombreuses données sont importantes et doivent intéresser un public averti en Italie comme en France. Une courte introduction en l’honneur du professeur Aldo Cinque (Université de Naples) rappelle le cursus de ce géomorphologue talentueux, précurseur dans bien des domaines.
Most of internationally adopted children (IAC) come from countries in which tuberculosis (TB) is endemic. Interpretation of discordant Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Quantiferon-Gold In Tube (QFT) ...results is under debate.
Children consecutively referred to our IAC Center between 2009-2017 were prospectively evaluated and screened with protocol recommended by the America Academy of Pediatrics, including TST and QFT. TB infection prevalence was evaluated and possible risk factors associated with discordant TST/QFT results were investigated.
1775 IAC were enrolled (median age: 5.8; IQR:3.3–8.2; 1065 60.0% males). Most of the children came from a European country (715; 40.3%) and, among them, 428 (59.9%) from Russia. Active pulmonary TB was diagnosed in 7 (0.4%) children while LTBI was diagnosed in 255 (14.4%) children. Concordant TST-/QFT-result was observed in 1520 (85.6%) children, concordant TST+/QFT + result in 63 children (3.5%), while 169 children (9.5%) displayed TST+/QFT-result and the remaining 23 children (1.3%) TST-/QFT+. Factor significantly associated with discordant TST+/QFT-result was BCG vaccination (aOR:2.62; 95%CI. 1.12–6.12; P = 0.026) and age <5 years (aOR: 5.59; 95%CI:2.27–12.18; P < 0001). . No significant association was evidenced with, continent of origin, eosinophilia or gender.
Our data suggest that QFT might be used as unique screening assay in IAC, but further studies are needed at this regard.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract The simultaneous occurrence of mutations in two different tumor suppressor genes in the same individual is a very rare event. Here we report the case of a woman in whom germline mutations in ...both MEN1 and BRCA1 were identified. The severity of MEN1 -related biochemical and clinical findings did not significantly differ from that for other affected family members lacking the BRCA1 mutation, except for the development of an extremely large visceral lipoma; the proband has not developed any BRCA1 -related malignancies. We explore genetic and molecular rationales for an association between these neoplastic processes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
