The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been recognized as effective to lower blood pressure in feeding trials, but compliance with the diet must be persistent to maximize health ...benefits in clinical practice. This paper reports a systematic review of the latest evidence on the method to assess DASH compliance and the corresponding patients' compliance in interventional settings.
The databases including MEDLINE, EBM Reviews, EMBASE, and CINAHL Plus were searched for original research studies published in the period of January 1992-December 2012 that evaluated compliance with DASH diet. Studies written in English language, with DASH intervention, with complete documentation of the degree of DASH compliance and the assessment method used were included in this review. The search terms included: dietary approaches to stop hypertension, DASH, compliance, adherence, consistency, and concordance.
Nine studies were included. Different types of interventions were identified, ranging from feeding trial to dietary counseling. These studies differed in the assessment methods used to evaluate DASH compliance, which included objective approaches like measurement of urinary excretion, and subjective approaches like dietary intake assessment for DASH target comparison and construction of DASH scoring systems. Compliance levels were lower in educational interventions than that of the original DASH feeding trial.
To conclude, although no consensus existed regarding the best approach to assess DASH compliance, its suboptimal compliance warrants attention. This study implied a need to investigate effective approaches to sustain the DASH dietary pattern beyond counselling alone.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Optical fiber Bragg sensors (FBGs) have great potential in the field of flexible wearable devices for tracking human gestures. Due to different human sizes, different wearable tensions ...inevitably cause errors when tracking arm joint movements. We have designed a flexible wearable smart sleeve with four heads of FBG and spandex polyurethane fibers (SPFs). SPFs sewn with flexible fabric sleeves convert elbow yawing and wrist pitching and roll into an axial strain of FBG. The measuring system has been developed to deduce personalized sensitivity using a dynamic calibration method. For males and females, dynamic calibration, verification and tracking tests were carried out. From the male’s experimental data, the relative errors between the verification sensitivity and the personalized sensitivity are 1.93%, 5.85% and 7.16%, and the average relative errors between the tracking sensitivity and the personalized sensitivity are 7.09%, 5.58% and 2.52%, respectively. And from the data of the female’s experiment, the relative errors between the verification sensitivity and the personalized sensitivity are 0.25%, 5.0% and 6.75%, and the average relative errors between the tracking sensitivity and the personalized sensitivity are 0.99%, 5.56% and 6.95%, respectively. The experimental data have shown that this wearable smart sleeve and the measuring system work well. The research results can be used to develop FBG sensing systems for monitoring joint movements for different human sizes on-line.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most prevalent types of cancer worldwide, has an exceedingly poor prognosis. Tandem C2 domain nuclear protein (TC2N) has been implicated in tumorigenesis ...and serves as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in different types of cancer. Here, we explore the possible regulatory activities and molecular mechanisms of TC2N in HCC progression. However, TC2N expression was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and hepatoma cell lines, and this upregulation was positively correlated with tumor progression in HCC patients. The ectopic overexpression of TC2N accelerated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells, whereas its knockdown showed the opposite effects. Bioinformatics analysis showed that TC2N participates in the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mechanistically, TC2N activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by regulating the expression levels of β-catenin and its downstream targets CyclinD1, MMP7, c-Myc, c-Jun, AXIN2, and glutamine synthase. Furthermore, the deletion of β-catenin effectively neutralized the regulation of TC2N in HCC proliferation and metastasis. Overall, this study showed that TC2N promotes HCC proliferation and metastasis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, indicating that TC2N might be a potential molecular target for the treatment of HCC.
Background:
Growing studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) can act as crucial roles during the progression of various tumors, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We aimed to ...determine lncRNA endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein (EBLN3P) expression in CRC and examine its influence on tumor behaviors of CRC cells.
Materials and Methods:
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression levels of EBLN3P and miR-323a-3p in CRC tissues and cell lines. Cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were assessed by Cell Counting Kit 8, colony formation, Transwell assay, wound healing assays, and flow cytometry. Bioinformatics and dual-luciferase assays were used to investigate the interaction between EBLN3P and miR-323a-3p, as well as between miR-323a-3p and U2AF homology motif kinase 1 (UHMK1). Western blot was applied for detecting the expressions of the related proteins.
Results:
EBLN3P was highly expressed in CRC, and its high expression was distinctly associated with increased tumor size, histology/differentiation and advanced TNM stage, and poor clinical outcome of CRC patients. EBLN3P silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis and induced the apoptosis of CRC cells. Mechanistically, overexpression of EBLN3P exhibited tumorigenic effects through downregulating the inhibitory effects of miR-323a-3p on UHMK1 expression. The correlation analysis confirmed the positive or negative association among EBLN3P, miR-323a-3p, and UHMK1.
Conclusion:
EBLN3P promoted the development of CRC
via
targeting miR-323a-3p/UHMK1, which provided a new idea for treating CRC.
Accurate estimation of regional and global patterns of ecosystem respiration (ER) is crucial to improve the understanding of terrestrial carbon cycles and the predictive ability of the global carbon ...budget. However, large uncertainties still exist in regional and global ER estimation due to the drawbacks of modeling methods. Based on eddy covariance ER data from 132 sites in China from 2002 to 2020, we established Intelligent Random Forest (IRF) models that integrated ecological understanding with machine learning techniques to estimate ER. The results showed that the IRF models performed better than semiempirical models and machine learning algorithms. The observed data revealed that gross primary productivity (GPP), living plant biomass, and soil organic carbon (SOC) were of great importance in controlling the spatiotemporal variability of ER across China. An optimal model governed by annual GPP, living plant biomass, SOC, and air temperature (IRF‐04 model) matched 93% of the spatiotemporal variation in site‐level ER, and was adopted to evaluate the spatiotemporal pattern of ER in China. Using the optimal model, we obtained that the annual value of ER in China ranged from 5.05 to 5.84 Pg C yr−1 between 2000 and 2020, with an average value of 5.53 ± 0.22 Pg C yr−1. In this study, we suggest that future models should integrate process‐based and data‐driven approaches for understanding and evaluating regional and global carbon budgets.
Plain Language Summary
With China already committing to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060, an accurate assessment of land carbon sink and its flux rate in China is an increasingly important area in global change ecology. In this essay, a high‐efficiency and accurate simulation method was introduced in this field; This method is particularly useful in the assessment of carbon sink and its flux rate in China by combining with reliable observation flux data. Using this new method, a reliable and reasonable value of carbon flux (ecosystem respiration) was obtained. Meanwhile, that method provides a better understanding of the mechanism governing the spatiotemporal variability of carbon flux. Therefore, this present study has gone some way toward enhancing our understanding of a comprehensive assessment and analysis of land carbon sink in China.
Key Points
A model integrating ecological knowledge and machine learning was established to estimate ecosystem respiration (ER) in China
The spatiotemporal patterns of ER are significantly affected by productivity, plant biomass, soil organic carbon, and air temperature
China's ER was estimated to be 5.53 ± 0.22 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C yr−1) on average for the years 2000–2020
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Three new Ln(III)-CPs, {Ln2(HL)2(H2O)2·H2O}n (Ln=La (1), Eu (2) and Tb(3); H4L = 1,1'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid)) were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by ...elemental analyses, IR, TG, PXRD and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These isostructural CPs display 2D layer-like structures with a TiS2 topology constructed from inter-connected cage-like SBBs. The Eu-CP and Tb-CP exhibit characteristic luminescent emissions based on metal ions and possess selective recognition ability toward Cr(VI) and MnO4− ions in aqueous solution. They can also act as broad-spectrum fluorescent probes to detect common antibiotics. Furthermore, the fluorescence quenching mechanisms of two CPs were also studied in detail by combination of the PXRD patterns, UV–vis absorption spectra and theoretical calculations.
Three novel Ln-CPs with good thermal and chemical stability has been hydrothermally synthesized by using a flexible derivative ligand of imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid. These isomorphic CPs exhibit a 2D layer-like structure with a TiS2 topology built by interconnected cage-like SBBs. Both Eu-CP and Tb-CP exhibit strong characteristic fluorescence derive from 4f electron transitions of the lanthanide metal centers both in solid phase and in suspensions formed with various solvents. Fluorescence sensing performances reveal that Eu-CP and Tb-CP behave satisfactory recognition and detection effect toward CrO42−, Cr2O72− and MnO4− anions in aqueous solution, and have broad-spectrum detection ability to monitor a variety of antibiotics. In addition, the related sensing mechanism was studied by means of instrument characterizations and theoretical calculations. Display omitted
•Three new Ln-CPs were synthesized by using a new pre-designed ligand.•The isomorphic CPs exhibit interesting 2D layer-like structure based on SBBs.•Eu-CP and Tb-CP possess selective recognition ability to Cr(VI) and MnO4− anions.•Eu-CP and Tb-CP can also be used for broad-spectrum detection of antibiotics.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We herein report a phosphine-mediated domino process of MBH-type reaction/umpolung γ-addition through the rational integration of the privileged reactivities of alkynoate. Simply by manipulating the ...nucleophilic reagent, the developed protocol offers a facile, diversity-oriented construction of a wide range of three-substituted coumarins.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Cardiopulmonary bypass has been speculated to elicit systemic inflammation to initiate acute lung injury (ALI), including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), in patients after cardiac ...surgery. We previously found that post-operative patients showed an increase in endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (eEVs) with components of coagulation and acute inflammatory responses. However, the mechanism underlying the onset of ALI owing to the release of eEVs after cardiopulmonary bypass, remains unclear. Plasma plasminogen-activated inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and eEV levels were measured in patients with cardiopulmonary bypass. Endothelial cells and mice (C57BL/6, Toll-like receptor 4 knockout (TLR4
) and inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (iNOS
)) were challenged with eEVs isolated from PAI-1-stimulated endothelial cells. Plasma PAI-1 and eEVs were remarkably enhanced after cardiopulmonary bypass. Plasma PAI-1 elevation was positively correlated with the increase in eEVs. The increase in plasma PAI-1 and eEV levels was associated with post-operative ARDS. The eEVs derived from PAI-1-stimulated endothelial cells could recognize TLR4 to stimulate a downstream signaling cascade identified as the Janus kinase 2/3 (JAK2/3)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) pathway, along with iNOS induction, and cytokine/chemokine production in vascular endothelial cells and C57BL/6 mice, ultimately contributing to ALI. ALI could be attenuated by JAK2/3 or STAT3 inhibitors (AG490 or S3I-201, respectively), and was relieved in TLR4
and iNOS
mice. eEVs activate the TLR4/JAK3/STAT3/IRF-1 signaling pathway to induce ALI/ARDS by delivering follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1), and FSTL1 knockdown in eEVs alleviates eEV-induced ALI/ARDS. Our data thus demonstrate that cardiopulmonary bypass may increase plasma PAI-1 levels to induce FSTL1-enriched eEVs, which target the TLR4-mediated JAK2/3/STAT3/IRF-1 signaling cascade and form a positive feedback loop, leading to ALI/ARDS after cardiac surgery. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for ALI/ARDS after cardiac surgery.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Annual gross primary productivity (AGPP) is the basis for grain production and terrestrial carbon sequestration. Mapping regional AGPP from site measurements provides methodological support for ...analysing AGPP spatiotemporal variations thereby ensures regional food security and mitigates climate change. Based on 641 site-year eddy covariance measuring AGPP from China, we built an AGPP mapping scheme based on its formation and selected the optimal mapping way, which was conducted through analysing the predicting performances of divergent mapping tools, variable combinations, and mapping approaches in predicting observed AGPP variations. The reasonability of the selected optimal scheme was confirmed by assessing the consistency between its generating AGPP and previous products in spatiotemporal variations and total amount. Random forest regression tree explained 85 % of observed AGPP variations, outperforming other machine learning algorithms and classical statistical methods. Variable combinations containing climate, soil, and biological factors showed superior performance to other variable combinations. Mapping AGPP through predicting AGPP per leaf area (PAGPP) explained 86 % of AGPP variations, which was superior to other approaches. The optimal scheme was thus using a random forest regression tree, combining climate, soil, and biological variables, and predicting PAGPP. The optimal scheme generating AGPP of Chinese terrestrial ecosystems decreased from southeast to northwest, which was highly consistent with previous products. The interannual trend and interannual variation of our generating AGPP showed a decreasing trend from east to west and from southeast to northwest, respectively, which was consistent with data-oriented products. The mean total amount of generated AGPP was 7.03 ± 0.45 PgC yr−1 falling into the range of previous works. Considering the consistency between the generated AGPP and previous products, our optimal mapping way was suitable for mapping AGPP from site measurements. Our results provided a methodological support for mapping regional AGPP and other fluxes.
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•Random forest was the best tool in mapping annual gross primary productivity (AGPP).•Mapping AGPP should incorporate climate, soil, and biological variables.•Mapping AGPP by predicting AGPP per leaf area (PAGPP) outperformed other ways.•The generated AGPP was consistent with previous products in spatiotemporal variations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•An AGPP data was generated through building its yearly mapping schemes•Chinese total AGPP was 7.39±0.62 PgC yr−1 with a growth rate of 0.095 PgC yr−2•Chinese AGPP trends spatially decreased from ...east to west•Ecosystem responses dominate AGPP trends via structural properties in north regions•Ecosystem responses dominate AGPP trends in west and south regions via functional properties
The annual gross primary productivity (AGPP) forms the foundation for terrestrial carbon sink. AGPP trends stem from the combined impacts of environmental factors and ecosystem responses to those factors. These responses include model structure modifications altering both the structural properties (represented by leaf area index) and the functional properties (represented by per leaf AGPP). Understanding the contributions of ecosystem responses to AGPP trends is crucial for accurately assessing spatiotemporal variations in AGPP, which aids in effective carbon management. Based on eddy covariance measurements of AGPP in China, we generated AGPP during 2000-2020 by constructing yearly AGPP mapping schemes from site measurements and analyzed AGPP trends. The roles of ecosystem responses and their pathways were further elucidated by employing analysis of variance. Results showed that the total AGPP in China was 7.39±0.62 PgC yr−1, with an increasing trend of 0.095 PgC yr−2. This increase primarily sourced from the total AGPP in Subtropical Evergreen Needleleaf Forest. AGPP trends spatially decreased from east to west, with most regions showing positive values. Structural and functional properties contributed similarly to AGPP trends, with varying regional contributions. The structural properties played a dominant role in north regions while the functional properties were more important in south and west regions. Ecosystem responses similarly determined the trends of ecosystem properties, which decreased from west to east. Ecosystem responses thus dominated AGPP trends through the structural properties in north regions but through the functional properties in south and west regions. Therefore, Chinese AGPP exhibited a spatially varied increasing trend during 2000-2020. Ecosystem responses dominated AGPP trends through divergent properties across regions. Our results highlight the significanc of ecosystem responses in AGPP trends and their divergent pathways across regions. This also provides independent data support for quantifying regional carbon budgets.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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