Introduction
The precise detection of vegetation in urban parks is crucial for accurate carbon sink calculations and planting assessments, particularly in high-density cities. Unlike traditional ...methods designed for forest vegetation, the detection and classification of urban park vegetation face challenges such as unclear boundaries, multiple vegetation categories, low image resolution, labor-intensive manual calculations, and unreliable modeling results. However, by utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with high-resolution visible and multispectral (MS) remote sensing cameras, it becomes possible to label images with green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) and full-spectral three-channel information.
Methods
By employing a dual attention convolutional neural network (DANet) model that incorporates image fusion, DANet, and feature decoding networks, the high-precision detection of urban park vegetation can be significantly improved.
Results
Empirical validation carried out in Jinhai Park since 2021 has provided evidence of the effectiveness of the DANet model when utilizing early fusion and feature fusion techniques. This model achieves an accurate detection rate of 88.6% for trees, 92.0% for shrubs, 92.6% for ground cover, and 91.8% for overall vegetation. These detection rates surpass those achieved using only visible images (88.7%) or GNDVI images (86.6%).
Discussion
The enhanced performance can be attributed to the intelligent capabilities of the double-in network. This high-precision detection model provides more precise scientific and technical support for subsequent park carbon sink calculations, assessments of existing vegetation for planting designs, and evaluations of urban ecological impacts.
In this study the oxidative behavior of carbons derived from cellulose and lignin were compared using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Specific surface area and chemical composition of the two types ...of carbon were analyzed using nitrogen adsorption at 77
K and infrared spectroscopy respectively. The results demonstrate that cellulose carbon has a higher reaction order and lower activation energy than lignin carbon under identical experimental conditions when they were prepared at temperatures lower than 500
°C. However, such differences were considerably reduced for the carbon samples prepared at temperatures greater than 700
°C. It was verified that lignin carbon is more stable than cellulose carbon due to its higher content of aromatic structures when they are prepared at lower temperature. The specific surface area and porosity have a more limited contribution to the differential oxidative behaviors of the two types of carbon. This research has significance related to the formation of carbon nanotubes from plant materials during low temperature carbonization.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The presence of protein aggregates in numerous human diseases underscores the significance of detecting these aggregates to comprehend disease mechanisms and develop novel therapeutic approaches for ...combating these disorders. Despite the development of various biosensors and fluorescent probes that selectively target amyloid fibers or amorphous aggregates, there is still a lack of tools capable of simultaneously detecting both types of aggregates. Herein, we demonstrate the quantitative discernment of amorphous aggregates by QM‐FN‐SO3, an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) probe initially designed for detecting amyloid fibers. This probe easily penetrates the membranes of the widely‐used prokaryotic model organism Escherichia coli, enabling the visualization of both amorphous aggregates and amyloid fibers through near‐infrared fluorescence. Notably, the probe exhibits sensitivity in distinguishing the varying aggregation propensities of proteins, regardless of whether they form amorphous aggregates or amyloid fibers in vivo. These properties contribute to the successful application of the QM‐FN‐SO3 probe in the subsequent investigation of the antiaggregation activities of two outer membrane protein (OMP) chaperones, both in vitro and in their physiological environment. Overall, our work introduces a near‐infrared fluorescent chemical probe that can quantitatively detect amyloid fibers and amorphous aggregates with high sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, it demonstrates the applicability of the probe in chaperone biology and its potential as a high‐throughput screening tool for protein aggregation inhibitors and folding factors.
This study illustrates the capacity of the AIE‐based fluorescent probe QM‐FN‐SO3 in quantitatively detecting both amorphous and amyloid‐type protein aggregates both in vitro and in vivo. The probe displays remarkable sensitivity, exceptional photostability, and excellent membrane penetrability, rendering it suitable for super‐resolution imaging of protein aggregates, differentiating various protein aggregation propensities, and investigating the antiaggregation activities of protein chaperones.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Birch and pine wood specimens were colonized by individual isolates of 12 brown-rot, 26 white-rot, six soft-rot and four blue (sap)-stain fungi. Homogenized wood was subsequently extracted in 75% ...ethyl acetate and centrifuged. The filtered extracts were analyzed for their iron-reducing capabilities using a ferrozine-based assay. Agar fungal cultures were also examined directly using a spot test for iron reduction. Extracts from wood colonized by brown-rot fungi showed significantly greater iron-reducing capability than extracts from wood colonized by white-rot or non-decay fungi. Results of the spot test ratings were highly variable, but in general the greatest color responses were associated with the brown-rot cultures. The ability of brown-rot fungi to produce compounds and/or modify the wood components that reduce iron is of relevance to the “chelator-mediated Fenton mechanism” that has been advanced as a theory for the non-enzymatic degradation of wood by brown-rot fungi.
This work investigated the effect of a chelator-mediated bio-mimetic free radical treatment on repulping and flotation operations during the deinking of laser printed copy paper. A chelator-mediated ...free radical treatment was carried out at two different chemical levels and a two-step repulping method, which combined conventional alkaline repulping as well as free radical treatment, was also developed. Flotation trials were performed on each of these treated samples to separate ink particles. Results from image analysis and paper physical properties testing are presented, and the deinking efficiency for these different treatments is also compared. Results indicate that under properly controlled conditions, free radical treatment can perform better than conventional chemical deinking methods.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The mechanical properties of phenolic resin reinforced with three different carbon materials were investigated experimentally. The carbon materials: (1) commercially produced carbon nanotubes (CNTs), ...(2) flash-heated lignocellulose containing CNTs and carbon-black, and (3) cyclically oxidized lignocellulose (Goodell, B. et al. (2008). Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 8: 2472-2474) were added to phenolic resin in different weight percentages to fabricate composites. Carbon nanotubes were found to be an effective reinforcing filler increasing tensile strength by 45.34% and Young’s modulus by 19.08% with a 2% loading. The flash-heated material increased Young’s modulus by 11.04% with a 2% loading but did not affect tensile strength. The cyclically heated material did not contain CNTs, their inclusion in the composites reduced Young’s modulus and, for the 1% loading, reduced tensile strength as well.
Full text
Available for:
NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The purpose of this work was to improve our current knowledge of the non-enzymatic mechanisms involved in brown rot fungal decay of wood, but also to improve our understanding of chelator-mediated ...reactions that may occur in other biological systems where low pH conditions may prevail. Several key steps (iron chelation and reduction) during early non-enzymatic wood decay processes have been studied by using electron spin resonance (ESR). It has been proposed that low molecular weight chelators as well as Fenton reagents are involved in brown rot decay, at least in early non-enzymatic stages. In this work, the binding between a catecholate model chelator and ferric iron was studied by ESR spectroscopy. The effects of the model chelator, Fenton reagents, as well as the reaction conditions on free radical generation were also studied using ESR spin-trapping techniques. The results indicate: (1) The relative quantity of the chelator–iron complex can be determined by measurement of the intensities of the characteristic
g=4.3 ESR signal. (2) The effects of the chelator:iron ratio, the pH, and other reaction parameters on the hydroxyl radical generation in a Fenton type system can be determined using ESR spin-trapping techniques. (3) Data support the hypothesis that superoxide radicals are involved in chelator-mediated Fenton processes.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A mediated Fenton system has been evaluated for decolorization of several types of dyes. The result shows that the Fenton system with a dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) chelator-mediator effectively ...reduced the color of a diluted solution of Carta Yellow RW liquid, Carta Yellow G liquid, and Cartasol Red 2GF liquid dye to a colorless level after 90 minutes of treatment with 100 μM iron II (FeII), 100 μM DHBA, and 10 mM hydrogen peroxide$({\rm H}_{2}{\rm O}_{2})$at room temperature. Our results show that compared to a neat Fenton process, the mediated Fenton decolorization process increased the production, and therefore the effective longevity, of hydroxyl radical (OH) species to increase the decolorization efficiency. Our results suggest that application of this system would also result in an increase in dissolved oxygen (DO) in solution, which in turn would result in reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and total organic carbon (TOC).
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Southern pine and Douglas-fir parallel strand lumber (PSL) panels were treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) or ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA), respectively, and exposed in a marine ...environment in Massachusetts for 7 years. Untreated PSL was also tested and performed well in comparison to untreated solid pine wood and displayed no delamination. Treatment with 16 kg/m3 (1 pcf) or greater of either wood preservative provided adequate protection of the panels. ACZA treated samples displayed significant mass losses over the 7-year exposure period even though no marine borer attack of the higher retention samples occurred. Internal and external evaluation of the samples after 7 years indicated that external evaluation accurately estimated the conditions inside the samples when limited degradation was present. However, as degradation progressed, the data suggest that internal degradation may be more extensive than indicated by the external ratings, at least when shipworm damage was most prevalent. Overall, the PSL panels performed very well in the marine environment when treated with appropriate levels of preservative.
Full text
Available for:
CEKLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
