Drug combination therapies employing dual-drug delivery systems offer an effective approach to reduce disadvantages of single-drug therapy, such as high dose and easy generation of drug resistance. ...Herein, a dual-drug delivery system based on nanogel-incorporated injectable hydrogel (NHG) was designed for sequential local delivery of combretastatin-A4 phosphate (CA4P) and doxorubicin (DOX) for antiangiogenesis and anticancer combination therapy. The injectable hydrogel was prepared for loading and quick release of hydrophilic drug CA4P, while the pH and redox stimuli-responsive nanohydrogels were incorporated into the injectable hydrogel by pH-responsive boronate ester bond for sustained long-term DOX delivery. The dual-drug-loaded NHG system released CA4P and DOX sequentially and exhibited high inhibitory activities on the cancer cell proliferation in vitro. It displayed superior therapeutic efficacy in vivo with only one single injection. Immunohistochemistry analyses suggested a synergistic therapeutic effect through tumor vascular collapse caused by CA4P and tumor cell apoptosis induced by DOX. The combination therapy of antiangiogenic and cytotoxic drugs using NHG delivery system offers a promising approach for improved cancer therapeutic efficacy. The nanogel-embedded injectable hydrogel can be employed as a universal drug carrier for local dual-drug delivery with sequential release behaviors by simple injection.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Degradation of the kinetically trapped bulk heterojunction film morphology in organic solar cells (OSCs) remains a grand challenge for their practical application. Herein, we demonstrate highly ...thermally stable OSCs using multicomponent photoactive layer synthesized via a facile one-pot polymerization, which show the advantages of low synthetic cost and simplified device fabrication. The OSCs based on multicomponent photoactive layer deliver a high power conversion efficiency of 11.8% and exhibit excellent device stability for over 1000 h (>80% of their initial efficiency retention), realizing a balance between device efficiency and operational lifetime for OSCs. In-depth opto-electrical and morphological properties characterizations revealed that the dominant PM6-b-L15 block polymers with backbone entanglement and the small fraction of PM6 and L15 polymers synergistically contribute to the frozen fine-tuned film morphology and maintain well-balanced charge transport under long-time operation. These findings pave the way towards the development of low-cost and long-term stable OSCs.
It is widely acknowledged that casein is an important allergenic protein in milk which may cause danger to customers. The identification and confirmation of caseins through mass spectrometry requires ...the selection of suitable characteristic peptides. In this study, by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), the three most representative specific peptides of caseins in cow milk were screened out with mass-to-charge ratios (
/
) of 830, 1195, and 1759, respectively. By comparing 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and
-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) MALDI matrices, it was found that DHB was more suitable for peptide detection with the limits of detection (LODs) of 0.1 mg/L for
,
-casein. Furthermore, on the basis of verifying the characteristic peptides of casein from cow milk, this protocol was applied to goat milk authentication. Cow milk addition in goat milk was investigated by using the screened specific peptides. The results showed that the adulteration could be identified when the proportion of cow milk was 1% or more. When applied to inspect adulteration in five brands of commercial goat milk, specific peptides of bovine casein were detected in four of them. The method has the advantages of strong reliability, high throughput, simple preprocessing, and fast speed, which can provide powerful help for prewarning dairy allergen.
► We model PD and HPD courses for comparatively disclosing the photodegradation mechanism of MG. ► In PD course, less ROS mainly transformed MG into MGCB, which was further decomposed into DLBP. ► In ...HPD course, more ROS enhanced the transformation of MG into MGCB and decomposition of MGCB into DLBP. ► After 0.5min irradiation, different routes to the discoloration of MG was evaluated and compared during PD and HPD courses. ► The degradation mechanism was also enlightened for AOP-based degradation of MG.
In this research, we choose photolysis degradation (PD) course and H2O2-enhanced PD (HPD) course using UV–vis light from two microwave-powered electrodeless discharge lamps (MPEDL-2) as simplified models. The results verified that (1) ∼70% and 99.7% of MG were removed in PD and HPD courses within 5min irradiation, and PD course was proved to be dependent on OH and O2-, (2) major routes were related to transformation of MG into malachite green carbinol base (MGCB), which could be further decomposed into 4-dimethylaminobenzophenone (DLBP), and (3) after 0.5min irradiation, PD course verified that ∼30% and 1% of MG was converted into MGCB and DLBP; for comparison, HPD course demonstrated that ∼12.9% and 28.5% of MG was transformed into MGCB and DLBP. Accordingly, we draw conclusions that degradation mechanism of MG could be revised as seven steps with MGCB as a key product and pH variation of aqueous dyes solution played minor role. Additionally, these conclusions were also enlightened for degradation of MG by advanced oxidation process.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A competitive colloidal gold lateral flow strip was developed, evaluated, and used as a quick, sensitive, low-cost and convenient tool to identify the authenticity of goat milk on the market. By ...mixing cow milk with goat milk and testing, the detection range and sensitivity of the strip method were obtained. The effect of boiling and hydrolysis to strip were evaluated. The detection of α-casein and β-casein from cow and their hydrolysate by strip were also finished. Based on UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS and the casein antibody affinity column, the purified peptides was identified by Peaks software. The identified peptides were artificially synthesized and tested by strips. The results showed that the limit of detection for qualitative judgment of goat milk adulteration was, by the naked eye, 1.2 mg/100 g and the cut-off value was 6 mg/100 g. The boiling and hydrolysis process had no effect to detection. At the same time, α-casein and β-casein could be detected, indicating this method could not distinguish and
•The elimination of BG over CoFe2O4(CP) was mainly due to the residue of NaOH.•Salicylic acid failed to capture hydroxyl radicals within MICO process.•This study indicated dim prospects for the ...MICO-based elimination of contaminants.
In this study, we adopted the chemical co-precipitation (CP) method and sol–gel method followed by calcination at temperatures of 100–900°C for 12h to synthesize CoFe2O4 materials, which were further characterized by TEM, XRD and XPS techniques. The properties of CoFe2O4 materials were evaluated in a microwave (MW) induced catalytic oxidation (MICO) process for the elimination of brilliant green (BG). The results showed that: (1) the removal rates of BG gradually decreased over a series of CoFe2O4 materials prepared by CP method and calcinated with 100–700°C (except 900°C) for 12h within three reuse cycles; for comparison, no removal of BG was obtained over CoFe2O4 synthesized by sol–gel method and CoFe2O4-900 (CP); (2) no hydroxyl radicals were captured with salicylic acid used as molecular probe in the MICO process; (3) MW irradiation enhanced the release of residual NaOH within the microstructure of CoFe2O4 and further discolored BG, because BG is sensitive to pH; (4) granular activated carbon (GAC), an excellent MW-absorbing material possessing higher dielectric loss tangent compared to that of a series of CoFe2O4 materials, could not remove BG in suspensions at a higher efficiency, even if the loading amount was 20gL−1. Accordingly, MICO process over CoFe2O4 materials and GAC could not effectively eliminate BG in suspensions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•Grafting –COOH onto chitosan hydrogel beads greatly increased the adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) and Cu(II).•The mCHBs-based removal of Cr(VI) was due to a simultaneous adsorption-reduction ...process.•The spent mCHBs-Cu(II) could function as an effective adsorbent for removal of phosphate ions.•The adsorption of Cu(II) was due to chemisorption, and followed the pseudo-second-order model.
Chitosan hydrogel beads (CHBs) have displayed prominent advantages as adsorbents, including easy separation after adsorption. To further increase their adsorption capacity, CHBs were modified with malic acid and further freeze-dried. The structural characteristics of malic acid modified CHBs (mCHBs) were explored along with the factors primarily influencing their effectiveness. The mechanisms of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) ion removal were reevaluated in detail. The results show that (1) porous mCHBs were clearly observed by scanning electron microscopy, accompanying with the observation of particles of elemental Cu or Cr about 300 nm in diameter within the pores of the mCHBs; (2) the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of mCHBs for Cr(VI) was 383.2 mg g−1, reached within 2 h, and the removal of Cr(VI) was an efficient adsorption-reduction process. For comparison, the chemisorption of Cu(II) onto mCHBs formed a monolayer with a maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of 183.8 mg g−1, reached within 24 h, and the adsorption of Cu(II) ions was spontaneous and endothermic. Moreover, CHBs modified with a series of carboxylic acids also showed enhanced removal of heavy metals. In addition, the presence of Cu(II) ions in the matrix of mCHBs could function as an effective adsorbent for removal of phosphate ions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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•Millimetric sponge iron (s-Fe0) were decorated with palladium for removal of TBBPA.•Series of solvents, including CH3OH:H2O, CH3OH, CH2Cl2 and isopropanol, were adopted.•Products ...were identified by liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry.•Not electron transfer but H-atom transfer was affected by the presence of cosolvents.
The exploration of an effective treatment is necessary to eliminate the emerging environmental pollutant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). In this study, a direct reduction reaction was adopted to synthesize millimetre-scale palladised sponge iron (Pd0-s-Fe0), the main influencing factors were further explored, the degradation intermediates were identified in detail, and the cosolvent effect on the degradation mechanism was determined. The results show that (1) within a 30 min reaction, Pd(II) ions in aqueous solution were successfully decorated onto the s-Fe0 surface as supported by XPS, SEM, EDS, and ICP-OES analyses, (2) after 120 min of reaction, the normalized removal of TBBPA was ∼92.2% over 0.06 wt%-Pd0-s-Fe0, compared with 98.2% over 0.06 wt%-Pd-nZVI and 44.4% over bare nZVI. Moreover, the extend of debromination of TBBPA surprisingly increased as the ratio of the CH3OH:H2O cosolvent decreased, compared with the debromination rates that were greatly restricted in CH3OH (100%, v/v), CH2Cl2 (100%, v/v) and isopropanol (100%, v/v), respectively. Furthermore, the O-methylation reactions over Pd0-s-Fe0 produced unique intermediates, including 2,6-dibromo-4-(2-(3,5-dibromo-4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl)phenol (MeO-TBBPA) and 5,5′-(propane-2,2-diyl)bis(1,3-dibromo-2-methoxy-benzene) (diMeO-TBBPA) with lower toxicity. This study greatly enriches knowledge regarding the degradation mechanism of TBBPA over millimetre-scale sponge iron.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
