Apple Replant Disease (ARD) is common in major apple-growing regions worldwide, but the role of rhizosphere microbiota in conferring ARD resistance and promoting plant growth remains unclear. In this ...study, a synthetic microbial community (SynCom) was developed to enhance apple plant growth and combat apple pathogens. Eight unique bacteria selected via microbial culture were used to construct the antagonistic synthetic community, which was then inoculated into apple seedlings in greenhouse experiments. Changes in the rhizomicroflora and the growth of aboveground plants were monitored. The eight strains, belonging to the genera Bacillus and Streptomyces, have the ability to antagonize pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Botryosphaeria ribis, and Physalospora piricola. Additionally, these eight strains can stably colonize in apple rhizosphere and some of them can produce siderophores, ACC deaminase, and IAA. Greenhouse experiments with Malus hupehensis Rehd indicated that SynCom promotes plant growth (5.23%) and increases the nutrient content of the soil, including soil organic matter (9.25%) and available K (1.99%), P (7.89%), and N (0.19%), and increases bacterial richness and the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria. SynCom also increased the stability of the rhizosphere microbial community, the assembly of which was dominated by deterministic processes (|beta NTI| > 2). Our results provide insights into the contribution of the microbiome to pathogen inhibition and host growth. The formulation and manipulation of similar SynComs may be a beneficial strategy for promoting plant growth and controlling soil-borne disease.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Microbial communities in the plant rhizosphere are critical for nutrient cycling and ecosystem stability. However, how root exudates and soil physicochemical characteristics affect microbial ...community composition in
rhizosphere is not well understood.
This study measured soil physiochemistry properties and root exudates in a representative forest consists of four
species. The composition of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities was determined by metabolomics and high-throughput sequencing.
Luvangetin, salicylic acid, gentisic acid, oleuropein, strigol, chrysin, and linoleic acid were the differential root exudates extracted in the rhizosphere of four
species, which explained 48.40, 82.80, 48.73, and 59.64% of the variance for the dominant and key bacterial or fungal communities, respectively. Data showed that differential root exudates were the main drivers of the changes in the rhizosphere microbial communities.
,
,
,
, and
were the keystone taxa in the rhizosphere microbial communities, and are thus important for maintaining a stable
microbial rhizosphere. The differential root exudates had strong impact on key bacteria than dominant bacteria, key fungi, and dominant fungi. Moreover, strigol had positively effects with bacteria, whereas phenolic compounds and chrysin were negatively correlated with rhizosphere microorganisms. The assembly process of the community structure (keystone taxa and bacterial dominant taxa) was mostly determined by stochastic processes.
This study showed the association of rhizosphere microorganisms (dominant and keystone taxa) with differential root exudates in the rhizosphere of
plants, and revealed the assembly process of the dominant and keystone taxa. It provides a theoretical basis for the identification and utilization of beneficial microorganisms in
rhizosphere.
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•Temperature strongly affected the succession of bacteria.•Fermentation accelerated nitrogen conversion and mineralization was fast.•The nosZ gene could excellently characterize ...denitrification in the EFS.•Some microbes may drive several nitrogen conversion processes with various key genes.
In this study, we explored the pathways and mechanisms of nitrogen (N) transformation driven by functional microbes carrying key genes in an ex situ fermentation system (EFS). Temperature and N content were found to be the most important factors driving variation in bacterial and fungal communities, respectively; Bacillus became the most abundant bacteria and Batrachochytrium became the most abundant fungi. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that some bacteria including Halomonas, Truepera, and Gemmatimonas species carry genes that promote mineralization, nitrification, dissimilatory/assimilatory nitrate reduction, denitrification, anammox reactions, and N fixation. The maximum rate of total mineralization reached 136.60 μg N g−1 d−1. Functional microbes promoted various N conversion processes at different rates in the EFS, with levels increasing by at least 0.23 μg N g−1 d−1. These results provide a theoretical basis for feasible optimization measures to address N loss during fermentation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background and Aims
Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in promoting growth and development, nutrient absorption, and disease resistance in poplar plantations. Long-term planting decays soil ...nutrient contents and changes the microfloral structure, and pathogenic microorganisms accumulate. It is of great significance to clarify the distribution and synergistic relationships between beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms in plantation soil for solving the long-term planting obstacles of poplar plantation.
Methods
High-throughput sequencing, culture, pure bacterial identification, functional verification, and bioinformatics methods were used to explore the population and functional characteristics of the soil microorganisms in the perennial poplar forest, identify the main pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and investigate the synergistic relationships among the microorganisms in the system.
Results
An evaluation of soil from a perennial poplar plantation revealed the presence of many beneficial microbes, such as
Bacillus, Sphingomonas
,
Variovorax
, and
Streptomyces
, as well as pathogenic microorganisms, including
Fusarium
and
Alternaria
. Most of these microorganisms were enriched in the rhizosphere soil. The study found that phosphorus was the driving factor affecting soil microorganisms, with available phosphorus (K = 0.189) and pH value (K = 0.113) significantly affecting fungal phylogeny. Bacterial community assembly processes were deterministic (βNTI < − 2), while those of fungi were stochastic (− 1 > βNTI > − 2). The microbial network in the rhizosphere was more stable than that in the bulk soil. This study expands our knowledge of the functional microbial germplasm resources of forest plantations and provides a theoretical basis for soil remediation in perennial poplar plantations.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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