The Wide Field-of-View Cherenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA) and the Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) of LHAASO are designed to work in combination for measuring the energy spectra of the cosmic ray ...species over a very wide energy range from a few TeV to 10 PeV. The energy calibration can be achieved with a proven technique of measuring the westward shift of the Moon shadow cast by galactic cosmic rays due to the geomagnetic field. This deflection angle Δ is inversely proportional to the cosmic ray rigidity. The precise measurement of the shifts by WCDA allows us to calibrate its energy scale for energies as high as 35 TeV. Through a set of commonly triggered events, the energy scales can be propagated to WFCTA. The energies of the events can be derived both by WCDA-1 and WFCTA with the median energies 23.4 ± 0.1 ± 1.3 TeV and ( 21.9 ± 0.1 TeV ), respectively, which are consistent within uncertainties. In addition, the propagation of the energy scale is also validated by the Moon shadow based on the same data selection criteria of the commonly triggered events. This paper reports, for the first time, an observational measurement of the absolute energy scale of the primary cosmic rays generating showers observed by air Cherenkov telescopes.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
In this paper, the double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (DP-LIBS) technique was used to analyze the heavy metal samples collected in the atmosphere using an air sampler. The enhancement ...characteristics of the plasma spectra were studied by using different laser wavelength combinations with 1064, 532, and 355 nm Nd:YAG lasers. The plasma spectrum of the sample was greatly enhanced when the combined laser wavelengths were 355 and 1064 nm. On this basis, the optimal inter-pulse delay time is obtained to get the maximum plasma spectrum. The relationship of the signal to background ratio, electron temperature, and electron density of the plasma spectrum with inter-pulse delay and acquisition delay is also discussed. Finally, the optimal pulse delay and acquisition time were obtained. DP-LIBS technology can effectively improve the detection effect of heavy metals in the atmosphere, which is a very promising tool in the field of environmental monitoring.
An expression is proposed for the anisotropy of interfacial energy of cubic metals, based on the symmetry of the crystal structure. The associated coefficients can be determined experimentally or ...assessed using computational methods. Calculations demonstrate an average relative error of <3% in comparison with the embedded-atom data for face-centred cubic metals. For body-centred-cubic metals, the errors are around 7% due to discrepancies at the {3
3
2} and {4
3
3} planes. The coefficients for the {1
0
0}, {1
1
0}, {1
1
1} and {2
1
0} planes are well behaved and can be used to simulate the consequences of interfacial anisotropy. The results have been applied in three-dimensional phase-field modelling of the evolution of crystal shapes, and the outcomes have been compared favourably with equilibrium shapes expected from Wulff’s theorem.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Abstract
Based on the analyses of excitation paths in CsI(Tl) under near-UV light (
λ
min
= 220 nm), all possible excited states are modeled. The emission paths are revealed by the first-principles ...calculations performed for each excited state. Based on the analyses of band structure, density of states (DOS), and transition dipole moment (TDM), the theoretical range of central emission wavelength is proposed as 517 ∼ 538 nm for the Tl-center luminescence and 375 ∼ 405 nm for the intrinsic luminescence. This prediction agrees well with the experimental emission spectra, which have a peak at 514.2 nm and a shoulder at 410.6 nm. This method can be applied to CsI(Tl) under higher-energy radiation and other halide scintillator materials.
Economic and social development has greatly increased ecological water demand and modified land use of river systems worldwide, causing overall degradation of many of these systems. In this study, ...theoretical and technical frameworks for regionalization on the eco-environmental function of river systems are formulated and applied to the Luanhe River system. Based on its eco-environmental functions, this river can be regionalized into four types of first-class functional areas: ecological preservation areas, habitat restoration areas, ecological buffer areas and development and utilization areas. Considering the overall eco-environmental functions, we assessed the ecological land use of the Luanhe River system. The total area of basic ecological land use is 876.98 km2; the restrictive ecological land use is 1745.52 km2; ecological land use of the river system returned from farmland is 284.25 km2; and that returned from construction land is 17.35 km2. The average minimum ecological flow of mainstreams in upper and middle reaches of the Luanhe River is 4.896 m3 s−1 based on the habitat method. And the recommended minimum and suitable annual ecological water demand of channels in the lower reaches are 391 million m3 and 819.5 million m3, respectively. The evaporation and seepage consumption and vegetation consumption in riparian zones of the Luanhe River system are approximately 132.6 million m3 and 145.3 million m3 per year, respectively. Our results suggest that is crucial to regulate the instream ecological water use of the Luanhe River's mainstream starting from the Panjiakou-Daheiting Reservoir system. We recommend accelerating ecological land-use planning and strengthening the regulation of ecological water use on this river system focusing on important lower reaches under the condition of competitive water demand.
Aim
To examine the association between depression and impaired glucose regulation, newly diagnosed diabetes and previously diagnosed diabetes in middle‐aged and elderly Chinese people, and whether ...depression was associated with different treatment regimens or durations of diabetes.
Methods
A cross‐sectional study was performed among 229 047 adults living in the community aged ≥ 40 years from 25 centres in China. The self‐reported depression rating scale Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ–9) was used to diagnose probable and sub‐threshold depression. Glucose metabolism status was determined according to World Health Organization 1999 diagnostic criteria.
Results
The numbers of participants with normal glucose regulation, impaired glucose regulation, newly diagnosed diabetes and previously diagnosed diabetes were 120 458, 59 512, 24 826 and 24 251, respectively. The prevalence of sub‐threshold depression in the total sample of participants was 4.8% (4.8%, 4.8%, 4.4% and 5.6% from normal glucose regulation to previously diagnosed diabetes, respectively), and the prevalence of probable depression was 1.1% (1.1%, 1.0%, 0.9% and 1.8% from normal glucose regulation to previously diagnosed diabetes, respectively). Compared with participants with normal glucose regulation, those with previously diagnosed diabetes had increased odds of probable depression odds ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–1.87 and sub‐threshold depression (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.06–1.24), after adjustment for multiple confounding factors. Newly diagnosed diabetes or impaired glucose regulation was not associated with depression. Among those with previously diagnosed diabetes, insulin treatment was associated with greater odds of depression compared with no treatment or oral anti‐diabetic medicine.
Conclusion
Previously diagnosed diabetes, but not newly diagnosed diabetes or impaired glucose regulation, was associated with a higher prevalence of depression. Patients receiving insulin were more likely to have depression than those not receiving treatment or being treated with oral anti‐diabetic medicine.
What's new?
Using a nationwide sample of middle‐aged and elderly Chinese people, we showed that patients with previously diagnosed diabetes had a higher prevalence of depression, compared with those with normal glucose regulation. Newly diagnosed diabetes or impaired glucose regulation were not associated with depression.
Patients with diabetes treated with insulin had greater odds of suffering from depression than those who were treated with oral medicine or were untreated. Duration of diabetes was not associated with depression, after accounting for the role of different treatments.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The accurate estimation of wind power is crucial not only to conduct wind energy research but also to improve policy and planning decisions for the national government. However, reliable wind speed ...datasets at turbine height that can be used for wind power estimation in China are very limited. In this study, the simulated wind profile (expressed by a power-law approach) is optimized using radiosonde wind speed measurements. The wind speed at a typical turbine height (80 m) is then constructed using the optimized wind profile and 10-m wind speed measured at each conventional meteorological station throughout the country. Compared with measurements, the constructed wind speed has reasonable errors (0.08 m s
−1
in mean bias, 0.89 m s
−1
in root mean square error, and 0.90 in correlation coefficient), which are much smaller than the model errors. Further comparison shows the constructing method in the current study outperforms the other similar statistical methods. Therefore, this method and the constructed wind speed dataset are suggested for wind energy research in China.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies provide automatic and accurate object data capturing capability and enable real-time object visibility and traceability. Potential benefits have ...been widely reported for improving manufacturing shop-floor management. However, reports on how such potentials come true in real-life shop-floor daily operations are very limited. As a result, skeptics overwhelm enthusiasm. This paper contributes to the re-vitalization of RFID efforts in manufacturing industries by presenting a real-life case study of applying RFID for managing material distribution in a complex assembly shop-floor at a large air conditioner manufacturer. The case study discusses how technical, social and organizational issues have been addressed throughout the project within the company. It is hoped that insights and lessons gained be generalized for future efforts across household electrical appliance manufacturers that share similar shop-floor.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
To utilized the baseline data of the Beijing Fangshan Family Cohort Study, and to estimate whether the association between a healthy lifestyle and arterial stiffness might be modified by genetic ...effects.
Probands and their relatives from 9 rural areas in Fangshan district, Beijing were included in this study. We developed a healthy lifestyle score based on five lifestyle behaviors: smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), dietary pattern, and physical activity. The measurements of arterial stiffness were brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI). A variance component model was used to determine the heritability of arterial stiffness. Genotype-environment interaction effects were performed by the maximum likelihood methods. Subsequently, 45 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the glycolipid metabolism pathway were selected, and generalized estimated equations were used to assess the gene-environment interaction effects between particular genet
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