Background and Objective
Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) is one of the major pathways for metabolism of tryptophan in a variety of cells, including immune cells. Increasing evidence indicates that ...IDO is a critical player in establishing the balance between immunity and tolerance and ultimately in the maintenance of homeostasis. By inducing inflammation in gingival tissue, we tested the hypothesis that IDO is a pivotal player in regulating the immune and inflammatory responses of gingiva.
Material and Methods
We utilized the IDO knockout mouse model in conjunction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation. Accordingly, wild‐type and IDO knockout mice were injected with LPS or vehicle in the anterior mandibular gingiva, twice over a 2‐wk period, which was followed by procurement of gingival tissue for histopathology and preparation of tissue for flow cytometry‐based studies.
Results
Clinical and histological examinations revealed a marked adverse impact of IDO deficiency on gingival inflammation. These observations were consistent with a more marked increase in the number of cells positive for the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐17, but no significant change in the number of cells positive for the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10, in LPS‐treated IDO knockout mice. Consistent with the more marked proinflammatory impact of IDO deficiency, the percentage of regulatory T cells was much reduced in gingival tissue of LPS‐treated IDO knockout mice than in gingival tissue of wild‐type mice. These proinflammatory changes were accompanied with a prominent increase in apoptotic and necrotic cell death in gingival tissue of IDO knockout mice compared with wild‐type mice.
Conclusion
Collectively, our findings support a major role for IDO in the development of gingival inflammation, as an example of an inflammatory condition, and lay the foundation for subsequent studies to explore it as a novel immunotherapy target.
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CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Droughts often affect the soil ecosystem directly. To address this question, a series of prototype observation experiments were designed in this study. The objective of this study was to identify ...changing tendencies of microbial biomass carbon content and the proportion of microbial biomass carbon in soil organic carbon under different drought conditions. All the soil samples were collected from experiments fields about 10 cm far away from the rhizosphere of the maize, and the content of microbial biomass carbon was selected as indicator for identifying effects of extreme drought on agriculture soil ecosystem. The results showed that the optimum mass water content of soil for microbial biomass carbon was 19.5 % and the demarcation point of microbial biomass carbon to drought was 14.3 %, which could be used to demonstrate alters and degradation of soil ecosystem and the irrigation requirement of crops. Meanwhile, sustainability of different drought soil ecosystems was also evaluated after rainstorm with rehabilitation. The results suggested that soil ecosystem could recover after interfered by moderate drought, and its tolerance to drought, as well as its function and activity was improved. Soil system could not adapt to severe drought stress, could barely recover and restore from extreme drought within a few days, and its function and structure were also damaged. From this view, we could conclude that mass water content of soil should be kept above 10 % to avoid soil system function and structure being destroyed. Nevertheless, these findings suggested that soil ecosystem should be watered when mass water content was lower than 14.3 %, which provided reference for improving the soil to increase the grain output.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Twinning induced plasticity steels are austenitic alloys in which mechanical twinning is a prominent deformation mode, and which exhibit exceptional combinations of ductility, work hardening and ...ultimate strength. The authors develop in the present paper a crystallographic theory to enable the quantitative investigation of the role of mechanical twinning in enhancing the properties of these alloys. It is found that the twinning strain itself makes a significant though small contribution to the total elongation and that other mechanisms must therefore be at play in determining the overall deformation behaviour.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Previous studies have demonstrated that urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) were superior to serum creatinine (Scr) in detecting acute ...kidney injury (AKI), but their ability to predict clinical vancomycin-associated AKI has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the abilities of uKIM-1 and uNGAL individually and in combination to predict vancomycin-associated AKI.
Scr, uKIM-1, and uNGAL were measured on the day before and days 1, 2, and 3 of vancomycin therapy in a generalized adult population. Levels of these biomarkers between AKI and non-AKI groups were comparatively analyzed. Predictive performances were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.
A total of 87 patients were enrolled, and among them, 11 (12.6%) patients developed AKI. Urinary KIM-1 and NGAL levels in the AKI group were higher than in the non-AKI group at all time points (p < 0.05), and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were 0.849 (95% confidence interval CI 0.750-0.948) for uKIM-1 and 0.824 (95% CI 0.726-0.922) for uNGAL, with cut-off values of 1.72 ng/mL and 9.07 ng/mL respectively. The AUC of uKIM-1 and uNGAL combined was 0.852 (95% CI 0.754-0.949), and the sensitivity and specificity were 90.9% and 75.0%, respectively.
Urinary KIM-1 and NGAL could efficiently discriminate patients with or without vancomycin-associated AKI earlier than Scr, and the combined urinary biomarkers showed fair discrimination compared with the individual biomarkers.
The purpose of this prospective, single-center study was to measure the value of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), a kind of transmembrane mucoprotein, in diagnosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) and ...in assessing the severity of ILD.
We enrolled 184 patients and 30 healthy controls. Ninety-eight patients were diagnosed with ILD, 47 with pneumonia, 19 with non-small cell lung cancer without ILD (NSCLC/non-ILD) and 20 with other lung diseases. Serum KL-6 levels, CT scores of high-resolution computerised tomography (HRCT) and pulmonary function in ILD patients were assessed.
The mean value of serum KL-6 in patients with ILD, pneumonia, NSCLC/non-ILD, other lung diseases and healthy controls were 1000.67±882.73U/ml, 234.11±91.02U/ml, 269.95±149.23U/ml, 234.85±83.51U/ml and 189.03±55.50U/ml, respectively. Serum KL-6 levels of patients with ILD were significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.000). The level of serum KL-6 in patients with pneumonia, NSCLC/non-ILD and other lung diseases was also statistically higher than healthy controls (P<0.05). When the cut-off value was 312U/ml, the sensitivity and specificity of KL-6 for the diagnosis of ILD was 84.7% and 85.3% respectively (AUC: 0.936, 95% CI: 0.906–0.965). The serum KL-6 levels in patients with ILD were significantly positively correlated with the CT scores (r=0.539, P=0.000) and negatively correlated with DLCO (r=−0.513, P=0.000).
Serum KL-6 might be useful in the diagnosis of ILD, especially in the hard-to-diagnose cases, with high sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, KL-6 might be a valuable marker for evaluation of ILD severity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The role played by chemokines in regulating the selective recruitment of lymphocytes to different tissue compartments in disease is poorly characterized. In hepatitis C infection, inflammation ...confined to portal areas is associated with a less aggressive course, whereas T cell infiltration of the liver parenchyma is associated with progressive liver injury and cirrhosis. We propose a mechanism to explain how lymphocytes are recruited to hepatic lobules during bursts of necroinflammatory activity in chronic hepatitis C infection. We report here that lymphocytes infiltrating hepatitis C-infected liver express high levels of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3. However, whereas the CCR5 ligands macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and -1beta were largely confined to vessels within portal tracts, the CXCR3 ligands IFN-inducible protein-10 and monokine-induced by IFN-gamma were selectively up-regulated on sinusoidal endothelium. In vitro, human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells secreted IFN-inducible protein-10 and monokine-induced by IFN-gamma in response to stimulation with IFN-gamma in combination with either IL-1 or TNF-alpha. This suggests that intrahepatic Th1 cytokines drive the increased expression of IFN-inducible protein-10 and monokine-induced by IFN-gamma and thereby promote the continuing recruitment of CXCR3-expressing T cells into the hepatic lobule in chronic hepatitis C infection.
Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) was used as a template to prepare highly ordered FeCo alloy nanowire arrays. The as-deposited samples were annealed at 300, 400, 450, 500, 550 and 600 °C, respectively. ...The structure and magnetic properties of FeCo nanowire arrays dependence on different annealing temperature were analyzed by XRD and vibrating sample magnetometer. We found that the annealing samples had large coercivity (as high as 2800 Oe) and high squareness (
M
r/
M
s) (about 0.9), the value of which was much larger than that of as-deposited samples (coercivity about 1500 Oe, squareness about 0.7). The temperature dependence of coercivity field
H
c and squareness of the FeCo nanowire arrays associated with the microstructure has been investigated and correlated with microstructure features, such as stress relaxation, structure ordering, second phase, and grain size.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare in most parts of the world but is more prevalent in Southern China, especially in Guangdong. The cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) has been recognized as one of the ...critically important enzymes involved in oxidizing carcinogens and is probably to be associated with NPC carcinogenesis. To systematically investigate the association between genetic variants in CYP2E1 and NPC risk in Cantonese, two independent studies, a family-based association study and a case–control study, were conducted using the haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphism approach. A total of 2499 individuals from 546 nuclear families were initially genotyped for the family-based association study. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs9418990, rs915908, rs8192780, rs1536826, rs3827688 and one haplotype h2 (CGTGTTAA) were revealed to be significantly associated with the NPC phenotype (P = 0.045–0.003 and P = 0.003, respectively). To follow up the initial study, a case–control study including 755 cases and 755 controls was conducted. Similar results were observed in the case–control study in individuals <46 years of age and had a history of cigarette smoking, with odds ratios (ORs) of specific genotypes ranging from 1.88 to 2.99 corresponding to SNP rs9418990, rs3813865, rs915906, rs2249695, rs8192780, rs1536826, rs3827688 and of haplotypes h2 with OR = 1.65 (P = 0.026), h5 (CCCGTTAA) with OR = 2.58 (P = 0.007). The values of false-positive report probability were <0.015 for six SNPs, suggesting that the reported associations are less probably to be false. This study provides robust evidence for associations between genetic variants of CYP2E1 and NPC risk.
Partial wave analysis of J / ψ → γ η η Ablikim, M.; An, F. F.; Ban, Y. ...
Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology,
05/2013, Volume:
87, Issue:
9
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by intrusive thoughts and urges and repetitive, intentional behaviors that cause significant distress and impair ...functioning. The OCD Collaborative Genetics Association Study (OCGAS) is comprised of comprehensively assessed OCD patients with an early age of OCD onset. After application of a stringent quality control protocol, a total of 1065 families (containing 1406 patients with OCD), combined with population-based samples (resulting in a total sample of 5061 individuals), were studied. An integrative analyses pipeline was utilized, involving association testing at single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and gene levels (via a hybrid approach that allowed for combined analyses of the family- and population-based data). The smallest P-value was observed for a marker on chromosome 9 (near PTPRD, P=4.13 × 10(-)(7)). Pre-synaptic PTPRD promotes the differentiation of glutamatergic synapses and interacts with SLITRK3. Together, both proteins selectively regulate the development of inhibitory GABAergic synapses. Although no SNPs were identified as associated with OCD at genome-wide significance level, follow-up analyses of genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals from a previously published OCD study identified significant enrichment (P=0.0176). Secondary analyses of high-confidence interaction partners of DLGAP1 and GRIK2 (both showing evidence for association in our follow-up and the original GWAS study) revealed a trend of association (P=0.075) for a set of genes such as NEUROD6, SV2A, GRIA4, SLC1A2 and PTPRD. Analyses at the gene level revealed association of IQCK and C16orf88 (both P<1 × 10(-)(6), experiment-wide significant), as well as OFCC1 (P=6.29 × 10(-)(5)). The suggestive findings in this study await replication in larger samples.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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