As a newly emerging class of molecular crystal materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are extensively used in a variety of fields including catalysis, separation, energy storage, and biosensors, ...by virtue of their large specific surface area, excellent chemical stability, and adjustable pore size. In particular, several functional materials have been integrated into the MOF structure, which greatly improves the conductivity of MOFs and facilitates the application of MOFs in the field of electrochemical biosensing. Herein, this review highlights the recent applications of MOF composites for photoelectrochemical (PEC) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors. This paper first briefly describes the classification and various synthesis methods of MOFs. Then, it comprehensively summarizes different types of MOF-based biosensors in PEC and ECL and their applications. Finally, the challenges and outlook for future work in MOF-based PEC and ECL biosensors are tentatively proposed.
This review summarizes recent advances on metal-organic frameworks for the applications in photoelectrochemical and electrochemiluminescence biosensors.
Binarization plays a key role in image processing. Its performance directly affects the success of subsequent character segmentation and recognition. The Phansalkar algorithm performs excellent in ...processing heavily degraded or poor-quality images. However, this algorithm incurs significant hardware costs. In this article, efficient stochastic computing (SC) functions and an architecture are proposed for the Phansalkar algorithm. Highly accurate stochastic elements are designed for this architecture, including a stochastic mean circuit (SMC), a stochastic unipolar subtractor (USUB), a stochastic square root circuit (SQRT), and a stochastic exponential circuit (SEXP). Simulation results show that the SC architecture using 64-bit streams for the Phansalkar algorithm provides sufficient accuracy. Physical implementation indicates the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in lowering hardware costs for this algorithm compared with the binary counterpart.
A rhodium-catalyzed diastereo- and enantio-selective cyclopropanation of α-boryl styrenes with α-diazoarylacetates was established. Rh
2
(
S
-PTTL)
4
(0.2 mol%) was found to be effective for the ...conversion, and 21 diastereopure cyclopropylboronates were prepared in high yields with excellent enantioselectivity (ee up to 99%).
A rhodium-catalyzed diastereo- and enantio-selective cyclopropanation of α-boryl styrenes with α-diazoarylacetates was established.
Fish trophic niches reflect important ecological interactions and provide insight into the structure of mangrove food webs. Few studies have been conducted in mangrove fish predators to investigate ...interpopulation trophic niches and ontogenetic shifts. Using stable isotope analysis and two complementary approaches, the authors investigated trophic niche patterns within and between two ontogenetic groups (juveniles and sub‐adults) of a generalist predator (Acentrogobius viridipunctatus) in four mangroves with heterogeneous environmental conditions (e.g., tidal regimes, salinity fluctuations and mangrove tree community). The authors hypothesized that the trophic niche between populations would vary regionally and trophic position would increase consistently from juvenile to sub‐adult stages. The results revealed that both δ13C and δ15N values varied greatly across populations and between ontogenetic groups, and complex spatio‐ontogenetic variations were expressed by Layman's metrics. They also found some niche separation in space, which is most likely related to resource availability in spatially diverse ecosystems. In addition, trophic niche position increased consistently from juveniles to sub‐adults, indicating ontogenetic feeding shifts. The isotopic plasticity index and Fulton's condition index also showed significant spatial‐ontogenetic variation, which is consistent with optimal foraging theory. The findings highlight that trophic plasticity has a high adaptive value for mangrove fish predators in dynamic ecosystems.
摘要
鱼类的营养生态位反映了生态系统中重要的捕食关系，是食物网结构研究的基础。在红树林中，肉食性鱼类种群间营养生态位及其个体发育阶段的转换研究相对较为有限。本研究通过使用稳定同位素技术和两种互补分析方法，以红树林定居性鱼类‐青斑细棘鰕虎鱼 (Acentrogobius viridipunctatus)为研究对象，研究它在四片不同环境条件 (例如潮汐、盐度波动和植物群落)红树林的种群营养生态位及其从幼鱼发育到亚成鱼过程中的变动。研究假设种群间营养生态位在异质性环境下存在分化且营养级从幼鱼向亚成鱼发育过程中表现出一致性增加。研究结果表明，δ13C和δ15N值在种群和发育阶段之间差异显著，Layman's指标呈现出复杂的空间‐发育阶段变异。研究还发现了空间上的生态位分离，可能与空间异质性的饵料资源可用性有关。此外，营养生态位位置从幼鱼向亚成鱼阶段表现出一致性增加，表明发育阶段间存在相似的摄食转换。同位素可塑性指数和Fulton's条件指数也显示出显著的空间‐发育阶段变异，与最佳觅食理论一致。研究结果表明营养可塑性对于红树林定居性鱼类适应动态异质性生境具有重要意义。
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
RATIONALE:Necrosis is one of the main forms of cardiomyocyte death in heart disease. Recent studies have demonstrated that certain types of necrosis are regulated and programmed dependent on the ...activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase (RIPK) 1 and 3 which may be negatively regulated by Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD). In addition, microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs have been shown to play important roles in various biological processes recently.
OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that microRNA-103/107 and H19 can participate in the regulation of RIPK1- and RIPK3-dependent necrosis in fetal cardiomyocyte-derived H9c2 cells and myocardial infarction through targeting FADD.
METHODS AND RESULTS:Our results show that FADD participates in H2O2-induced necrosis by influencing the formation of RIPK1 and RIPK3 complexes in H9c2 cells. We further demonstrate that miR-103/107 target FADD directly. Knockdown of miR-103/107 antagonizes necrosis in the cellular model and also myocardial infarction in a mouse ischemia/reperfusion model. The miR-103/107-FADD pathway does not participate in tumor necrosis factor-α–induced necrosis. In exploring the molecular mechanism by which miR-103/107 are regulated, we show that long noncoding RNA H19 directly binds to miR-103/107 and regulates FADD expression and necrosis.
CONCLUSIONS:Our results reveal a novel myocardial necrosis regulation model, which is composed of H19, miR-103/107, and FADD. Modulation of their levels may provide a new approach for preventing myocardial necrosis.
A simple thermal aptasensing platform was devised for the sensitive detection of organophosphate pesticides (using malathion as a model target) based on the efficient self-heating reaction of a ...warming pad with a switchable target responsive enzyme-encapsulated three-dimensional (3D) DNA hydrogel using a portable thermometer as a signal readout in this work. The existence of the target malathion would open the catalase-3D network and lots of catalase was released from the hydrogel, which could efficiently convert H
2
O
2
to an O
2
molecule. The product O
2
is the critical condition for the self-heating of the warming pad. Thereafter, the temperature was enhanced with the increasing amount of O
2
. The strategy displays outstanding specificity, reproducibility and stability. Moreover, this method can be easily extended to monitor other molecules using different aptamer sequences in practical applications.
A simple thermal aptasensor was devised for the sensitive detection of organophosphate pesticides based on the efficient self-heating reaction of a warming pad with a switchable target responsive enzyme-encapsulated three-dimensional DNA hydrogel.
GDP-mannose (GDP-Man) is a key metabolite essential for protein glycosylation and glycophosphatidylinositol anchor synthesis, and aberrant cellular GDP-Man levels have been associated with multiple ...human diseases. How cells maintain homeostasis of GDP-Man is unknown. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of human GMPPA-GMPPB complex, the protein machinery responsible for GDP-Man synthesis, in complex with GDP-Man or GTP. Unexpectedly, we find that the catalytically inactive subunit GMPPA displays a much higher affinity to GDP-Man than the active subunit GMPPB and, subsequently, inhibits the catalytic activity of GMPPB through a unique C-terminal loop of GMPPA. Importantly, disruption of the interactions between GMPPA and GMPPB or the binding of GDP-Man to GMPPA in zebrafish leads to abnormal brain development and muscle abnormality, analogous to phenotypes observed in individuals carrying GMPPA or GMPPB mutations. We conclude that GMPPA acts as a cellular sensor to maintain mannose homeostasis through allosterically regulating GMPPB.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ
In this work, a series of novel compounds Spartinin C1-C24 were screened, synthesised and evaluated for inhibiting xanthine oxidase thus lowering serum uric acid level. The backbones were derived ...from the components of coastal marine source Spartina alterniflora and marketed drugs. The top hits Spartinin C10 & C22 suggested high inhibition percentages (78.54 and 93.74) at 10 μM dosage, which were higher than the positive control Allopurinol. They were low cytotoxic onto human normal hepatocyte cells. Treatment with Spartinin C10 could lower the serum uric acid level to 440.0 μM in the hyperuricemic model mice (723.0 μM), comparable with Allopurinol (325.8 μM). Spartinin C10 was more appreciated than Allopurinol on other serum indexes. The preliminary pharmacokinetics evaluation indicated that the rapid absorption, metabolism and elimination of Spartinin C10 should be further improved. The discovery of pharmaceutical molecules from coastal marine source here might inspire the inter-disciplinary investigations on public health.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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