High-quality two-qubit gate operations are crucial for scalable quantum information processing. Often, the gate fidelity is compromised when the system becomes more integrated. Therefore, a ...low-error-rate, easy-to-scale two-qubit gate scheme is highly desirable. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a new two-qubit gate scheme that exploits fixed-frequency qubits and a tunable coupler in a superconducting quantum circuit. The scheme requires less control lines, reduces cross talk effect, and simplifies calibration procedures, yet produces a controlled-Z gate in 30 ns with a high fidelity of 99.5%, derived from the interleaved randomized benchmarking method. Error analysis shows that gate errors are mostly coherence limited. Our demonstration paves the way for large-scale implementation of high-fidelity quantum operations.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumours with a highly immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) and poor prognosis. Circular RNAs (circRNA), a newly found type of endogenous ...noncoding RNA, characterized by high stability, abundance, conservation, have been shown to play an important role in the pathophysiological processes and TME remodelling of various tumours.
CircRNA sequencing analysis was performed to explore circRNA expression profiles in normal and glioma tissues. The biological function of a novel circRNA, namely, circNEIL3, in glioma development was confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RNA pull-down, mass spectrum, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), luciferase reporter, and co-immunoprecipitation assays were conducted.
We identified circNEIL3, which could be cyclized by EWS RNA-binding protein 1(EWSR1), to be upregulated in glioma tissues and to correlate positively with glioma malignant progression. Functionally, we confirmed that circNEIL3 promotes tumorigenesis and carcinogenic progression of glioma in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circNEIL3 stabilizes IGF2BP3 (insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3) protein, a known oncogenic protein, by preventing HECTD4-mediated ubiquitination. Moreover, circNEIL3 overexpression glioma cells drives macrophage infiltration into the tumour microenvironment (TME). Finally, circNEIL3 is packaged into exosomes by hnRNPA2B1 and transmitted to infiltrated tumour associated macrophages (TAMs), enabling them to acquire immunosuppressive properties by stabilizing IGF2BP3 and in turn promoting glioma progression.
This work reveals that circNEIL3 plays a nonnegligible multifaceted role in promoting gliomagenesis, malignant progression and macrophage tumour-promoting phenotypes polarization, highlighting that circNEIL3 is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in glioma.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Spectroscopy is a well-established nonintrusive tool that has played an important role in identifying and quantifying substances, from quantum descriptions to chemical and biomedical diagnostics. ...Challenges exist in accurate spectrum analysis in free space, which hinders us from understanding the composition of multiple gases and the chemical processes in the atmosphere. A photon-counting distributed free-space spectroscopy is proposed and demonstrated using lidar technique, incorporating a comb-referenced frequency-scanning laser and a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. It is suitable for remote spectrum analysis with a range resolution over a wide band. As an example, a continuous field experiment is carried out over 72 h to obtain the spectra of carbon dioxide (CO
) and semi-heavy water (HDO, isotopic water vapor) in 6 km, with a range resolution of 60 m and a time resolution of 10 min. Compared to the methods that obtain only column-integrated spectra over kilometer-scale, the range resolution is improved by 2-3 orders of magnitude in this work. The CO
and HDO concentrations are retrieved from the spectra acquired with uncertainties as low as ±1.2% and ±14.3%, respectively. This method holds much promise for increasing knowledge of atmospheric environment and chemistry researches, especially in terms of the evolution of complex molecular spectra in open areas.
Reactions based on transition-metal-catalyzed C–O bond cleavage have attracted much attention as a new synthetic method. Until now, several intermolecular reactions via C–O bond cleavage of aryl ...ethers, alkenyl ethers, esters, and others have been reported. Here we report an unprecedented C–O bond cleavage of 3-phenoxy acrylic acid derivatives, followed by intramolecular C–O bond formation with alkynes. This reaction gave 2,3-disubstituted benzofurans having useful functional groupssilyl substituents and acrylic acid derivativesat the 2- and 3-positions, respectively. This report also described theoretical (DFT) insights into the mechanism.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) occurs due to pathological aortal dilation, and both individuals with normal tricuspid aortic valves (TAV) or abnormal bicuspid aortic valves (BAV), the latter being a ...congenital condition, are at risk. However, some differences are present between TAA/BAV and TAA/TAV with respect to their pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms, but their exact nature is still mostly unknown. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate TAA developmental differences among BAV vs. TAV patients. Publically-available gene expression datasets, aortic tissue derived from TAA/BAV and TAA/TAV individuals, were analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify gene modules associated with those conditions. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed on those modules to identify the enriched genes within those modules, which were verified by Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) on a dataset derived from aortic smooth muscle cell gene expression between TAA/TAV and TAV/BAV patients. Immune cell infiltration patterns were then analyzed by CIBERSORT, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed based on WGCNA and enrichment analysis results to identify hub genes, followed by validation via stepwise regression analysis. Three signatures most strongly associated with TAA/TAV were confirmed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and decision curve analyses (DCA) between prior-established training and testing gene sets. WGCNA delineated 2 gene modules being associated with TAA/TAV vs. TAA/BAV; both were enriched for immune-associated genes, such as those relating to immune responses, etc., under enrichment analysis. TAA/TAV and TAA/BAV tissues also had differing infiltrating immune cell proportions, particularly with respect to dendritic, mast and CD4 memory T cells. Identified three signatures, CD86, integrin beta 2 (ITGB2) and alpha M (ITGAM), as yielding the strongest associations with TAA/TAV onset, which was verified by areas under the curve (AUC) at levels approximating 0.8 or above under ROC analysis, indicating their predictive value for TAA/TAV onset. However, we did not examine possible confounding variables, so there are many alternative explanations for this association. TAA/TAV pathogenesis was found to be more associated with immune-related gene expression compared to TAA/BAV, and the identification of three strongly-associated genes could facilitate their usage as future biomarkers for diagnosing the likelihood of TAA/TAV onset vs. TAA/BAV, as well as for developing future treatments.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We have developed a one-iridium-catalyst system that transforms N-allyl-N-sulfonyl-2-(silylalkynyl)aniline derivatives, which are 1,7-enynes in which both multiple bonds have a heteroatom, to the ...corresponding substituted indole derivatives via isomerization/cycloisomerization/aromatization. This strategy provides an atom-economical and straightforward synthetic approach to a series of valuable indoles having vinyl and silylmethyl groups at the 2- and 3-positions.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is related to poor prognosis in glioma patients. Glioma cells could sort miRNA into ...exosomes to modify TME. And hypoxia played an important role in this sorting process, but the mechanism is not clear yet. Our study was to find miRNAs sorted into glioma exosomes and reveal the sorting process. Sequencing analysis of glioma patients cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and tissue showed that miR-204-3p tends to be sorted into exosomes. miR-204-3p suppressed glioma proliferation through the CACNA1C/MAPK pathway. hnRNP A2/B1 can accelerate exosome sorting of miR-204-3p by binding a specific sequence. Hypoxia plays an important role in exosome sorting of miR-204-3p. Hypoxia can upregulate miR-204-3p by upregulating the translation factor SOX9. Hypoxia promotes the transfer of hnRNP A2/B1 to the cytoplasm by upregulating SUMOylation of hnRNP A2/B1 to eliminate miR-204-3p. Exosomal miR-204-3p promoted tube formation of vascular endothelial cells through the ATXN1/STAT3 pathway. The SUMOylation inhibitor TAK-981 can inhibit the exosome-sorting process of miR-204-3p to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis. This study revealed that glioma cells can eliminate the suppressor miR-204-3p to accelerate angiogenesis under hypoxia by upregulating SUMOylation. The SUMOylation inhibitor TAK-981 could be a potential drug for glioma. This study revealed that glioma cells can eliminate the suppressor miR-204-3p to accelerate angiogenesis under hypoxia by upregulating SUMOylation. The SUMOylation inhibitor TAK-981 could be a potential drug for glioma.
Various studies highlighted that immune cell-mediated inflammatory processes play crucial roles in the progression and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the immune ...microenvironment of HCC is still poorly characterized. Exploring the role of immune-related genes (IRGs) and describing the immune landscape in HCC would provide insights into tumor-immune co-evolution along HCC progression.
We integrated the datasets with complete prognostic information from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and GEO DataSets (GSE14520, GSE76427, and GSE54236) to construct a novel immune landscape based on the Cibersort algorithm and reveal the prognostic signature in HCC patients.
To describe the tumor microenvironment (TME) in HCC, immune infiltration patterns were defined using the CIBERSORT method, and a prognostic signature contains 5 types of immune cells, including 3 high-risk immune cells (T.cells. CD4. memory. resting, Macrophages.M0, Macrophages.M2) and 2 low-risk immune cells (Plasma. cells, T.cells.CD8), were finally constructed. A novel prognostic index, based on prognostic immune risk score (pIRG), was developed using the univariate Cox regression analyses and LASSO Cox regression algorithm. Furthermore, the ROC curve and KM curve showed that the TME signatures had a stable value in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients in the internal training cohort, internal validation, and external validation cohort. Differential genes analysis and qPCR experiment showed that the expression levels of AKR1B10, LAPTM4B, MMP9, and SPP1 were significantly increased in high-risk patients, while the expression of CD5L was lower. Further analysis found that AKR1B10 and MMP9 were associated with higher M0 macrophage infiltration, while CD5L was associated with higher plasma cell infiltration.
Taken together, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the immune landscape of HCC and constructed a novel and robust prognostic prediction model. AKR1B10, LAPTM4B, MMP9, SPP1, and CD5L were involved in important processes in the HCC tumor microenvironment and were expected to become HCC prediction markers and potential targets of treatment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) is a relatively rare disease. The symptoms are usually nonspecific and often identified due to coughing or dyspnea. Pericardial tamponade caused by the PAA dissection ...or rupture is the most common cause of death, so active surgical treatment is recommended. The surgical reports in the literature are handful. Here we report three cases, all of whom were admitted due to exertional dyspnea. PAAs were observed from the main to the left and/or the right pulmonary artery. All three cases received PAA resection and artificial graft replacement with good outcomes.
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