Efficient and economical photocatalysts for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are required to replace expensive metal-based catalysts used in water ...splitting devices. Herein, we have developed an inexpensive route to synthesize a carbon-rich graphitic carbon nitride (C-rich g-C 3 N 4 ) with both nitrogen vacancies and a porous structure, which, as a highly efficient photo-induced water splitting catalyst, can meet current demands. The effects of the porous structure, nitrogen vacancies and rich amount of carbon on the electronic band structure and charge transport of g-C 3 N 4 are systematically elucidated. The C-rich g-C 3 N 4 can not only effectively enhance the absorption of visible light, but can also improve the majority carrier mobility and promote photoelectron transport through the defect-induced mid-gap and multiple conductive carbon rings, thus synergistically elongating the diffusion length and lifetime of the photocarriers. Importantly, the metal-free C-rich g-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst not only demonstrates a higher solar-driven hydrogen production performance, which is over 20.5 times that of pristine g-C 3 N 4 , but also exhibits an outstanding stability with minimal loss of catalytic activity.
A novel and efficient CP bond formation reaction of diarylphosphine oxides with aryl iodides was achieved by combining nickel catalysis and visible‐light‐induced photoredox catalysis. This ...dual‐catalytic reaction showed a broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and afforded the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. Compared with the previously reported use of photoredox/nickel dual catalysis in the construction of CC bonds, the methodology described herein was observed to be the first to allow for C‐heteroatom bond formation.
Dual catalysis: A novel and efficient CP bond formation reaction of diarylphosphine oxides with aryl iodides was achieved by combining nickel catalysis and visible‐light‐induced photoredox catalysis (see scheme). This dual‐catalytic reaction showed a broad substrate scope, excellent functional‐group tolerance, and afforded the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. Compared with previously reported photoredox/nickel dual catalytic systems, this methodology is the first to allow for Cheteroatom bond formation.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A photocatalytic formal 3+2 cycloaddition of 2H‐azirines with alkynes has been achieved under irradiation by visible light in the presence of organic dye photocatalysts. This transformation provides ...efficient access to highly functionalized pyrroles in good yields and has been applied to the synthesis of drug analogues. A primary trial of photocascade catalysis merging energy transfer and redox neutral reactions was shown to be successful.
Photo(chemistry) op: A photocatalytic formal 3+2 cycloaddition of 2H‐azirines with alkynes has been established under the irradiation of visible light in the presence of an organic dye. This transformation provides efficient access to highly functionalized pyrroles in good yields and has been applied to the formal synthesis of an inhibitor for HMG‐CoA reductase.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives circadian clock coherence through intercellular coupling, which is resistant to environmental perturbations. We report that primary cilia are required for ...intercellular coupling among SCN neurons to maintain the robustness of the internal clock in mice. Cilia in neuromedin S-producing (NMS) neurons exhibit pronounced circadian rhythmicity in abundance and length. Genetic ablation of ciliogenesis in NMS neurons enabled a rapid phase shift of the internal clock under jet-lag conditions. The circadian rhythms of individual neurons in cilia-deficient SCN slices lost their coherence after external perturbations. Rhythmic cilia changes drive oscillations of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling and clock gene expression. Inactivation of Shh signaling in NMS neurons phenocopied the effects of cilia ablation. Thus, cilia-Shh signaling in the SCN aids intercellular coupling.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are expanded in tumor microenvironments, including that of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The link between MDSC expansion ...and EBV infection in NPC is unclear. Here, we show that EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) promotes MDSC expansion in the tumor microenvironment by promoting extra-mitochondrial glycolysis in malignant cells, which is a scenario for immune escape initially suggested by the frequent, concomitant detection of abundant LMP1, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and CD33+ MDSCs in tumor sections. The full process has been reconstituted in vitro. LMP1 promotes the expression of multiple glycolytic genes, including GLUT1. This metabolic reprogramming results in increased expression of the Nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, COX-2 and P-p65 and, consequently, increased production of IL-1β, IL-6 and GM-CSF. Finally, these changes in the environment of malignant cells result in enhanced NPC-derived MDSC induction. One key step is the physical interaction of LMP1 with GLUT1 to stabilize the GLUT1 protein by blocking its K48-ubiquitination and p62-dependent autolysosomal degradation. This work indicates that LMP1-mediated glycolysis regulates IL-1β, IL-6 and GM-CSF production through the NLRP3 inflammasome, COX-2 and P-p65 signaling pathways to enhance tumor-associated MDSC expansion, which leads to tumor immunosuppression in NPC.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Laccases are green biocatalysts with wide industrial applications. The study of efficient and specific laccase producers remains a priority. Cerrena species have been shown to be promising ...basidiomycete candidates for laccase production. Although two sets of Cerrena genome data have been publicly published, no comprehensive bioinformatics study of laccase gene family in C. unicolor has been reported, particularly concerning the analysis of their three-dimensional (3D) structures and molecular docking to substrates, like ABTS and aflatoxin B.sub.1 (AFB.sub.1). In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of laccase gene family in C. unicolor 87613. We identified eighteen laccase genes (CuLacs) and classified them into three clades using phylogenetic analysis. We characterized these laccases, including their location in contig 5,6,9,12,15,19,26,27, gene structures of different exon-intron arrangements, molecular weight ranging from 47.89 to 141.41 kDa, acidic pI value, 5-15 conserved protein motifs, signaling peptide of extracellular secretion (harbored by 13 CuLacs) and others. In addition, the analysis of cis-acting element in laccase promoters indicated that the transcription response of CuLac gene family was regulatable and complex under different environmental cues. Furthermore, analysis of transcription pattern revealed that CuLac8, 12 and CuLac2, 13 were the predominant laccases in response to copper ions or oxidative stress, respectively. Finally, we focused on the 3D structure analysis of CuLac proteins. Seven laccases with extra transmembrane domains or special sequences were particularly interesting. Predicted structures of each CuLac protein with or without these extra sequences showed altered interacting amino acid residues and binding sites, leading to varied affinities to both ABTS and AFB.sub.1. As far as we know, it is the first time to discuss the influence of the extra sequence on laccase's affinity to substrates. Our findings provide robust genetic data for a better understanding of the laccase gene family in C. unicolor 87613, and create a foundation for the molecular redesign of CuLac proteins to enhance their industrial applications.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur‐containing amino acid that originated in methionine metabolism and the elevated level of Hcy in plasma is considered to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular ...diseases (CVD). Endothelial dysfunction plays a major role in the development of CVD, while the potential mechanism of Hcy‐induced endothelial dysfunction is still unclear. Here, in Hcy‐treated endothelial cells, we observed the destruction of mitochondrial morphology and the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential. Meanwhile, the level of ATP was reduced and the reactive oxygen species was increased. The expressions of dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) and phosphate‐Drp1 (Ser616) were upregulated, whereas the expression of mitofusin 2 was inhibited by Hcy treatment. These findings suggested that Hcy not only triggered mitochondrial dysfunction but also incurred an imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics in endothelial cells. The expression of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) was activated by Hcy, contributing to calcium transferring into mitochondria. Interestingly, the formation of mitochondria‐associated membranes (MAMs) was increased in endothelial cells after Hcy administration. The inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate receptor (IP3R)–glucose‐regulated protein 75 (Grp75)–voltage‐dependent anion channel (VDAC) complex, which was enriched in MAMs, was also increased. The accumulation of mitochondrial calcium could be blocked by inhibiting with the IP3R inhibitor Xestospongin C (XeC) in Hcy‐treated cells. Then, we confirmed that the mitochondrial dysfunction and the increased mitochondrial fission induced by Hcy could be attenuated after Hcy and XeC co‐treatment. In conclusion, Hcy‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamics disorder in endothelial cells were mainly related to the increase of calcium as a result of the upregulated expressions of the MCU and the IP3R–Grp75–VDAC complex in MAMs.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Historical farm ponds have been designed, maintained, and established as heritage sites or cultural landscapes. Has their gradually evolving function resulted in changes to the landscape influenced ...by their degenerated nature and the new urban fabric? This study aimed to assess the interaction between urban fabrics and eight farm ponds in Taoyuan by determining the demolition ratio of ponds subject to the transit-oriented development (TOD) of infrastructure and to evaluate land cover using historical maps, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted 3D modeling, smartphone augmented reality (AR), and a gaming engine to inspect and compare well-developed or reactivated ponds and peripheries. A 46% reduction in pond area around Daxi Interchange was an important indicator of degeneration in the opposite direction to TOD-based instrumentation. Three-dimensional skyline analysis enabled us to create an urban context matrix to be used in the simulations. Nearly 55 paired AR comparisons were made with 100 AR cloud-accessed models from the Augment® platform, and we produced a customized interface to align ponds with landmark construction or other ponds using Unreal Engine®. Smartphone AR is a valuable tool for situated comparisons and was used to conduct analyses across nine categories, from buildings and infrastructure to the intensity and stage of development. The gaming engine handled large point models with high detail and was supported by a customized blueprint. We found that 3D virtual dynamics highlighted the evolving interstitial space and role substitution of the agricultural fabric. This combination of heterogeneous platforms provides a practical method of preserving heritage and enables conflict resolution through policy and TOD instrumentation.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objectives
Glial cell activation contributes to the inflammatory response and occurrence of epilepsy. Our preliminary study demonstrated that the long non‐coding RNA, H19, promotes hippocampal glial ...cell activation during epileptogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear.
Materials and methods
H19 and let‐7b were overexpressed or silenced using an adeno‐associated viral vector in vivo. Their expression in a kainic acid‐induced epilepsy model was evaluated by real‐time quantitative PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA isolation. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the direct binding of let‐7b to its target genes and H19. Western blot, video camera monitoring and Morris water maze were performed to confirm the role of H19 and let7b on epileptogenesis.
Results
H19 was increased in rat hippocampus neurons after status epilepticus, which might be due to epileptic seizure‐induced hypoxia. Increased H19 aggravated the epileptic seizures, memory impairment and mossy fibre sprouting of the epileptic rats. H19 could competitively bind to let‐7b to suppress its expression. Overexpression of let‐7b inhibited hippocampal glial cell activation, inflammatory response and epileptic seizures by targeting Stat3. Moreover, overexpressed H19 reversed the inhibitory effect of let‐7b on glial cell activation.
Conclusions
LncRNA H19 could competitively bind to let‐7b to promote hippocampal glial cell activation and epileptic seizures by targeting Stat3 in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aims
The aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the patient‐reported outcome measure assessing self‐efficacy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and recommend the most ...robust measurement.
Design
A systematic review of psychometric properties.
Data Sources
We performed systematic electronic searches in the following databases from inception to 26 May 2022: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO via OVID.
Review Method
This review evaluated the tools' quality in accordance with the Selection of Consensus‐Based Health Measurement Instruments 2018 system Evaluation guidelines.
Results
Three patient‐reported outcome measures were identified in the five included studies. The “IBD‐yourself” questionnaire revealed very low evidence for a sufficient hypothesis test for construct validity, moderate evidence for insufficient internal consistency, and very low evidence for uncertain measurement error. Evidence from Inflammatory Bowel Disease Self‐Efficacy Scale validated internal consistency, structural validity, criterion validity, and hypothesis test for construct validity. However, evidence of moderate quality corroborated this reliability. The Adolescents and Young Adults Inflammatory Bowel Disease Self‐Efficacy Scale demonstrated very low evidence for sufficient internal consistency, moderate evidence for a sufficient hypothesis test for construct and content validity, and very low evidence for uncertain reliability.
Conclusions
Compared with the other two measures, the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Self‐Efficacy Scale has higher quality evidence of higher overall ratings for some of its psychometric properties, but there were some methodological problems that must be further studied to determine their quality.
Impact
It is uncertain whether a scale to assess self‐efficacy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease has good measurement performance in clinical applications. This study first presents the methodological quality and psychometric properties of the self‐efficacy scale used to assess patients with inflammatory bowel disease, which is based on the Consensus‐Based Health Measurement Instruments standard. This study can help researchers and physicians decide which scale is the most suitable and reliable for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
No Patient or Public Contribution
Because this was a systematic review based on synthesizing information from previous studies, no human participants were included.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
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