Objective： Conventional open spinal surgery of adult scoliosis can be performed from anterior, posterior, or combined approach. Minimally invasive spine surgery （MISS） was developed for the purpose ...of reducing the undesirable effects and complications. This review aimed to make a brief summary of recent studies of the approach and clinical outcomes of MISS in adult scoliosis. Data Sources： We conducted a systematic search from PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, and other literature databases to collect reports of surgical methods and clinical outcomes of MISS in treatment of adult scoliosis. Those reports were published up to March 2017 with the following key terms： ＆quot;minimally invasive,＆quot; ＆quot;spine,＆quot; ＆quot;surgery,＆quot; and ＆quot;scoliosis.＆quot;Study Selection： The inclusion criteria of the articles were as followings： diagnosed with adult degenerative scoliosis （DS） or adult idiopathic scoliosis; underwent MISS or open surgery; with follow-up data. The articles involving patients with congenital scoliosis or unknown type were excluded and those without any follow-up data were also excluded from the study. The initial search yielded 233 articles. After title and abstract extraction, 29 English articles were selected for full-text review. Of those, 20 studies with 831 patients diagnosed with adult DS or adult idiopathic scoliosis were reviewed. Seventeen were retrospective studies, and three were prospective studies. Results： The surgical technique reported in these articles was direct or extreme lateral interbody fusion, axial lumbar interbody fusion, and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Among the clinical outcomes of these studies, the operated levels was 3–7, operative time was 2.3–8.5 h. Both the Cobb angle of coronal major curve and evaluation of Oswestry Disability Index and Visual Analog Scale decreased after surgery. There were 323 complications reported in the 831 （38.9%） patients, including 150 （18.1%） motor or sensory deficits, and 111 （13.4%） implant-related complications. Conclusions： MISS can provide good radiological and self-evaluation improvement in treatment of adult scoliosis. More prospective studies will be needed before it is widely used.
Advanced Finite Element Method in Structural Engineering systematically introduces the research work on the Finite Element Method (FEM), which was completed by Prof. Yu-qiu Long and his research ...group in the past 25 years. Seven original theoretical achievements - for instance, the Generalized Conforming Element method, to name one - and their applications in the fields of structural engineering and computational mechanics are discussed in detail. The book also shows the new strategies for avoiding five difficulties that exist in traditional FEM (shear-locking problem of thick plate elements, sensitivity problem to mesh distortion, non-convergence problem of non-conforming elements, accuracy loss problem of stress solutions by displacement-based elements, stress singular point problem) by utilizing foregoing achievements.
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FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Background Hyperuricemia is frequently present in patients with heart failure. Many pathological conditions, such as tissue ischemia, renal function impairment, cardiac function impairment, metabolic ...syndrome, and inflammatory status, may impact uric acid （UA） metabolism. This study was to assess their potential relations to UA metabolism in heart failure. Methods We retrospectively assessed clinical charac- teristics, echocardiological, renal, metabolic and inflammatory variables selected on the basis of previous evidence of their involvement in cardiovascular diseases and UA metabolism in a large cohort of randomly selected adults with congestive heart failure （n = 553）. By clustering of indices, those variables were explored using factor analysis. Results In factor analysis, serum uric acid （SUA） formed part of a principal cluster of renal functional variables which included serum creatinine （SCr） and blood urea nitrogen （BUN）. Univariate correlation coefficients between variables of patients with congestive heart failure showed that the strongest correlations for SUA were with BUN （r = 0.48, P 〈 0.001） and SCr （r = 0.47, P 〈 0.001）. Conclusions There was an inverse relationship between SUA levels and measures of renal function in patients with congestive heart failure. The strong correlation between SUA and SCr and BUN levels suggests that elevated SUA concentrations reflect an impairment of renal function in heart failure.
Objective The present study aimed to investigate the potential roles of spinal microglia and downstream molecules in the induction of spinal long-term potentiation （LTP） and mechanical allodynia by ...tetanic stimulation of the sciatic nerve （TSS）. Methods Spinal LTP was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by tetanic stimulation of the sciatic nerve （0.5 ms, 100 Hz, 40 V, 10 trains of 2-s duration at l 0-s intervals）. Mechanical allodynia was determined using von Frey hairs. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect changes in glial expression of inter- leukin-18 （IL-l 8） and IL-18 receptor （IL-18R）. Results TSS induced LTP of C-fiber-evoked field potentials in the spinal cord. Intrathecal administration of the microglial inhibitor minocycline （200 ~tg/20 gL） 1 h before TSS completely blocked the induction of spinal LTP. Furthermore, after intrathecal injection of minocycline （200 ~tg/20 ~tL） by lumbar puncture 1 h before TSS, administration of minocycline for 7 consecutive days （once per day） partly inhibited bilateral allodynia. Immunohistochemistry showed that minocycline inhibited the sequential activation of microglia and astrocytes, and IL- 18 was predominantly colocalized with the microglial marker Iba-1 in the spinal superficial dorsal horn. Western blot revealed that repeated intrathecal injection of minocyctine significantly inhibited the increased expression of IL-18 and IL- 18Rs in microglia induced by TSS. Conclusion The IL-18 signaling pathway in microglia is involved in TSS-induced spinal LTP and mechanical allodynia.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Micronutrient malnutrition affects over three billion people worldwide, especially women and children in developing countries. Increasing the bioavailable concentrations of essential elements in the ...edible portions of crops is an effective resolution to address this issue. To determine the genetic factors controlling micronutrient concentration in wheat, the quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis for iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium concentrations in two recombinant inbred line populations was performed. In all, 39 QTLs for ifve micronutrient concentrations were identiifed in this study. Of these, 22 alleles from synthetic wheat SHW-L1 and seven alleles from the progeny line of the synthetic wheat Chuanmai 42 showed an increase in micronutrient concentrations. Five QTLs on chromosomes 2A, 3D, 4D, and 5B found in both the populations showed signiifcant phenotypic variation for 2-3 micronutrient concentrations. Our results might help understand the genetic control of micronutrient concentration and allow the utilization of genetic resources of synthetic hexaploid wheat for improving micronutrient efifciency of cultivated wheat by using molecular marker-assisted selection.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The hot deformation behavior of uniform fine-grained GH4720Li alloy was studied in the temperature range from 1040 to 1130℃ and the strain-rate range from 0.005 to 0.5 s-1 using hot compression ...testing. Processing maps were constructed on the basis of compression data and a dynamic materials model. Considerable flow softening associated with superplasticity was observed at strain rates of 0.01 s 1 or lower. According to the processing map and observations of the microstructure, the uniform fine-grained microstructure remains intact at 1100℃ or lower because of easily activated dynamic recrystallization （DRX）, whereas obvious grain growth is observed at 1130℃. Metal- lurgical instabilities in the form of non-uniform microstrucmres under higher and lower Zener-Hollomon parameters are induced by local plastic flow and primary γ＇ local faster dissolution, respectively. The optimum processing conditions at all of the investigated strains are pro- posed as 1090-1130℃ with 0.084）.5 s-1 and 0.0054）.008 s-1 and 1040-1085℃ with 0.0054）.06 s-1.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
AIM:To investigate the biological role and underlying mechanism of miR-132 in colorectal cancer(CRC)progression and invasion.METHODS:Quantitative RT-PCR analysis was used to examine the expression ...levels of miR-132 in five CRC cell lines(SW480,SW620,HCT116,HT29 and LoVo)and a normal colonic cell line NCM460,as well as in tumor tissues with or without metastases.The KaplanMeier method was used to analyze the prognostic significance of miR-132 in CRC patients.The biological effects of miR-132 were assessed in CRC cell lines using the transwell assay.Quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses were employed to evaluate the expression of miR-132 targets.The regulation of ZEB2 by miR-132was confirmed using the luciferase activity assay.RESULTS:miR-132 was significantly down-regulated in the CRC cell lines compared with the normal colonic cell line(P<0.05),as well as in the CRC tissues withdistant metastases compared with the tissues without metastases(10.52±4.69 vs 23.11±7.84)(P<0.001).Down-regulation of miR-132 was associated with tumor size(P=0.016),distant metastasis(P=0.002),and TNM stage(P=0.020)in CRC patients.Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis indicated that patients with low expression of miR-132 tended to have worse diseasefree survival than patients with high expression of miR-132(P<0.001).Moreover,ectopic expression of miR-132 markedly inhibited cell invasion(P<0.05)and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in CRC cell lines.Further investigation revealed ZEB2,an EMT regulator,was a downstream target of miR-132.CONCLUSION:Our study indicated that miR-132 plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of CRC.
With the increase of elderly population, more and more implant operations need to be performed in osteoporotic bone, while different forms of microdamage will be produced in peri-implant bone ...intraoperatively, including high- and low-density diffuse damages, as well as linear cracks. The length and location of the microcracks are the main factors in affecting the biomechanical performance of bone. Suppression of bone remodeling by bisphosphonates may lead to microdamage accumulation, which is often accompanied with the decrease of bonestrength and the increase of bone fragility. Microdamage can be repaired by bone remodeling or mineralization to maintain the strength and structural integrity. Both remodeling and mineralization can affect the bone quality and long-term implant stability, In this paper, we make a brief summary of some important issues and research progresses in this field.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Left-sided portal hypertension（LSPH）followed by acute pancreatitis is a rare condition with most patients being asymptomatic.In cases where gastrointestinal（GI）bleeding is present,however,the ...condition is more complicated and the mortality is very high because of the difficulty in diagnosing and selecting optimal treatment.A successfully treated case with severe GI bleeding by transcatheter splenic artery embolization is reported in this article.The patient exhibited severe uncontrollable GI bleeding and was confirmed as gastric varices secondary to LSPH by enhanced computed tomography（CT）scan and CT-angiography.After embolization,the bleeding stopped and stabilized for the entire follow-up period without any severe complications.In conclusion,embolization of the splenic artery is a simple,safe,and effective method of controlling gastric variceal bleeding caused by LSPH in acute pancreatitis.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Aim： To determine the efficacy and toxicities of sorafenib in the treatment of patients with multiple recurrences of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） after liver transplantation in a Chinese ...population. Methods： Twenty patients with multiple recurrences of HCC after liver transplantation were retrospectively studied. They received either transarterial chemoembolization （TACE） or TACE combined with sorafenib. Results： The median survival times （MST） after multiple recurrences was 14 months （TACE＋sorafenib group） and 6 months （TACE only group）. The difference was significant in MST between the two groups （P=0.005）. The TACE ＋ sorafenib group had more stable disease （SD） patients than the TACE group. The most frequent adverse events of sorafenib were hand-foot skin reaction and diarrhea. In the univariate analysis, preoperative bilirubin and CHILD grade are found to be significantly associated with tumor-free survival time, the survival time after multiple recurrences and overall survival time. TACE＋sorafenib group showed a better outcome than single TACE treatment group. In the multivariate COX regression modeling, the preoperative high CHILD grade was found to be a risk factor of tumor-free survival time. In addition, the preoperative high bilirubin grade was also found to be a risk factor of survival time after recurrence and overall survival time. Furthermore, survival time after recurrence and overall survival time were also associated with therapeutic schedule, which was indicated by the GROUP. Conclusion： Treatment with TACE and sorafenib is worthy of further study and may have more extensive application prospects.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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