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•A novel compound containing active amine groups of polyphosphazene (PBFA) were successfully synthesized.•PBFA showed excellent properties in decreasing the PHRR, THR and TSP.•The ...mechanical performances were not worsened with a high loading of PBFA.
A novel compound containing active amine groups of polyphosphazene (PBFA) was successfully synthesized and applied as a reactive flame-retardant additive in epoxy (EP) resin. It was synthesized from N-aminoethylpiperazine and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene using a simple method, and its structure was well-characterized. The results indicated that introducing PBFA into EP composites significantly improves the resistance to fire and suppresses smoke generation. An EP composite with 9.0 wt% PBFA can pass the vertical burning tests V-0 rating, the peak heat release rate and total heat release of the sample decreased by 46.7% and 29.3%, respectively. Moreover, it decreased the total smoke release by 48.0%. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the presence of PBFA can accelerate EP decomposition at comparatively low temperatures and lead to the formation of a stable char layer, which protects the matrix from fire, therefore improving the amount of char residue at 800 °C. The degree of small molecule degradation characterized by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, which was lower than that of pure EP, demonstrating that PBFA reduces the risk of fire. The glass transition temperature of EP composites increased with the amount of PBFA increasing owing to the presence of active amine groups. Notably, its mechanical properties were not degraded.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance has posed a major threat to both human health and environmental ecosystem. Although the disinfection has been proved to be efficient to control the ...occurrence of pathogens, little effort is dedicated to revealing potential impacts of disinfection on transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), particularly for free-living ARGs in final disinfected effluent of urban wastewater treatment plants (UWWTP). Here, we investigated the effects of chlorine disinfection on the occurrence and concentration of both extracellular ARGs (eARGs) and intracellular ARGs (iARGs) in a full-scale UWWTP over a year. We reported that the concentrations of both eARGs and iARGs would be increased by the disinfection with chlorine dioxide (ClO2). Specifically, chlorination preferentially increased the abundances of eARGs against macrolide (ermB), tetracycline (tetA, tetB and tetC), sulfonamide (sul1, sul2 and sul3), β-lactam (ampC), aminoglycosides (aph(2’)-Id), rifampicin (katG) and vancomycin (vanA) up to 3.8 folds. Similarly, the abundances of iARGs were also increased up to 7.8 folds after chlorination. In terms of correlation analyses, the abundance of Escherichia coli before chlorination showed a strong positive correlation with the total eARG concentration, while lower temperature and higher ammonium concentration were assumed to be associated with the concentration of iARGs. This study suggests the chlorine disinfection could increase the abundances of both iARGs and eARGs, thereby posing risk of the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in environments.
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•Impact of chlorination on eARGs pollution in UWWTPs were for the first time reported.•Chlorination disinfection enhanced both eARGs and iARGs pollution.•Extracellular tetM and sul1 were the most dominant eARGs in the final effluent.•E. coli showed a positive correlation with the total eARG concentration after chlorination.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Background
The function of miR‐138‐5p as an oncogenic factor has been reported in certain cancers. This study was performed to analyze the potential involvement of miR‐138‐5p in kidney renal clear ...cell carcinoma (KIRC).
Methods
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to explain the expression of miR‐138‐5p in cancer and paired non‐cancer tissues of KIRC patients. Subsequently, miR‐138‐5p expression in KIRC tissues and cell lines, as well as that in normal tissues and normal renal tubular epithelial cell line, was detected. Artificial overexpressing of miR‐138‐5p was applied to observe its effect on the biological behaviors of KIRC cells. The target mRNA of miR‐138‐5p, SIN3A, was predicted and validated. Altered expression of miR‐138‐5p and SIN3A was introduced to confirm their functions in KIRC proliferation and invasion.
Results
We showed that miR‐138‐5p was down‐regulated in tumor tissues of KIRC patients comparing to adjacent healthy tissues and linked to dismal prognosis in patients. miR‐138‐5p could hinder KIRC proliferation and invasion, while artificial overexpression of SIN3A led to reversed trends. SIN3A was a target mRNA of miR‐138‐5p. miR‐138‐5p and SIN3A together affect the activation of the Notch signaling pathway.
Conclusion
This study evidenced that up‐regulated miR‐138‐5p inhibits proliferation and invasion of KIRC cells involving the transcription of SIN3A and the following regulation of the Notch signaling pathway.
Bioinformatics analysis and molecular biology experiments were found and demonstrated that miR‐138‐5p is down‐regulated in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and associated with proliferation and invasion in KIRC cells. miR‐138‐5p targeting SINA3 participates in the malignant phenotype of KIRC. This mechanism is implemented through the NOTCH pathway.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A water-soluble probe, TPA-1OH, with aggregation-induced emission activity is synthesized and used for expedient real-time fluorescence in situ visualization of latent fingerprints (LFPs). A TPA-1OH ...aqueous solution exhibits nonfluorescence in pure water while strong fluorescence upon molecular aggregation induced by addition of poor solvent. Fluorescence images of LFPs on a variety of substrates, including rough surfaces such as walls, bricks, and paper, are developed under 405 nm light, by soaking in or spraying with a TPA-1OH aqueous solution (30 μM) without any necessity of organic cosolvents and post-treatment steps. The probe is noncytotoxic at a concentration lower than 50 μM. The development process of LFPs is demonstrated by real-time fluorescence in situ imaging. The exponential relationship between the relative fluorescence intensity and time is deduced from the fitting curve. The LFP images developed by TPA-1OH are evident and intact enough to allow that the level 1–3 details are displayed and analyzed. Noteworthily, the level 3 details of LFPs such as the fingerprint ridge width and the characteristics of the sweat pores are evidently visible under fluorescence microscopy. Even the nanoscopic details exceeding level 3 are visualized under super-resolution microscopy with sub-50 nm optical resolution.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
This paper presents a Co-evolutionary Improved Genetic Algorithm (CIGA) for global path planning of multiple mobile robots, which employs a co-evolution mechanism together with an improved genetic ...algorithm (GA). This improved GA presents an effective and accurate fitness function, improves genetic operators of conventional genetic algorithms and proposes a new genetic modification operator. Moreover, the improved GA, compared with conventional GAs, is better at avoiding the problem of local optimum and has an accelerated convergence rate. The use of a co-evolution mechanism takes into full account the cooperation between populations, which avoids collision between mobile robots and is conductive for each mobile robot to obtain an optimal or near-optimal collision-free path. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of the improved GA and the effectiveness of CIGA.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in regulating gene expression through binding miRNAs and RNA binding proteins. Genetic variation of circRNAs may affect complex traits/diseases by ...changing their binding efficiency to target miRNAs and proteins. There is a growing demand for investigations of the functions of genetic changes using large-scale experimental evidence. However, there is no online genetic resource for circRNA genes.
We performed extensive genetic annotation of 295,526 circRNAs integrated from circBase, circNet and circRNAdb. All pre-computed genetic variants were presented at our online resource, circVAR, with data browsing and search functionality. We explored the chromosome-based distribution of circRNAs and their associated variants. We found that, based on mapping to the 1000 Genomes and ClinVAR databases, chromosome 17 has a relatively large number of circRNAs and associated common and health-related genetic variants. Following the annotation of genome wide association studies (GWAS)-based circRNA variants, we found many non-coding variants within circRNAs, suggesting novel mechanisms for common diseases reported from GWAS studies. For cancer-based somatic variants, we found that chromosome 7 has many highly complex mutations that have been overlooked in previous research.
We used the circVAR database to collect SNPs and small insertions and deletions (INDELs) in putative circRNA regions and to identify their potential phenotypic information. To provide a reusable resource for the circRNA research community, we have published all the pre-computed genetic data concerning circRNAs and associated genes together with data query and browsing functions at http://soft.bioinfo-minzhao.org/circvar .
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
As a cellular process that changes epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells, Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays important roles in development and cancer metastasis. Recent studies on cancer ...metastasis have identified many new susceptibility genes that control this transition. However, there is no comprehensive resource for EMT by integrating various genetic studies and the relationship between EMT and the risk of complex diseases such as cancer are still unclear. To investigate the cellular complexity of EMT, we have constructed dbEMT (http://dbemt.bioinfo-minzhao.org/), the first literature-based gene resource for exploring EMT-related human genes. We manually curated 377 experimentally verified genes from literature. Functional analyses highlighted the prominent role of proteoglycans in tumor metastatic cascades. In addition, the disease enrichment analysis provides a clue for the potential transformation in affected tissues or cells in Alzheimer's disease and Type 2 Diabetes. Moreover, the global mutation pattern of EMT-related genes across multiple cancers may reveal common cancer metastasis mechanisms. Our further reconstruction of the EMT-related protein-protein interaction network uncovered a highly modular structure. These results illustrate the importance of dbEMT to our understanding of cell development and cancer metastasis, and also highlight the utility of dbEMT for elucidating the functions of EMT-related genes.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
To improve the electronic conductivity and accelerate the Na-ion diffusion in active materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), Sb2Te3–Te nano-heterostructure (STNH) electrodes are constructed based ...on the hierarchical nanostructures of two-dimensional (2D) Sb2Te3 nanoblades serialized by one-dimensional (1D) Te nanowires for high-performance anode material. The STNH electrode delivered high sodium storage capacity of 375 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 200 cycles and provided a capacity of 226 mAh g−1 at 15 A g−1, even could obtain a high capacity of 365 mAh g−1 at 1.5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles, respectively. The sodiation/desodiation reaction mechanism is also investigated by ex-situ selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) and in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). The enhanced sodium storage properties of STNH are mainly attributed to the integrated merits of both 1D and 2D with enhanced charge carrier migration and good structure stability. This work gives the rational guidance to design novel hierarchical nanostructures integrating 1D and 2D nano-heterojunction materials for advanced battery materials. The as-designed STNH electrode enhancing sodium storage exhibts potential interest in SIBs.
Sb2Te3-Te nano-heterostructure (STNH) electrodes are constructed based on the hierarchical nanostructures of two-dimensional (2D) Sb2Te3 nanoblades serialized by one-dimensional (1D) Te nanowires, showing improved electronic conductivity and Na-ions diffusion. The STNH electrode can deliver a high capacity of 375 (after 200 cycles) and 226 mAh g-1 at current densities of 0.1 and 15 A g-1, respectively, exhibiting pronounced long-cycle and high rate performance even at a relatively high current density. Display omitted
•A nano-heterostructure was constructed which integrated the merits of 1D nanowire and 2D nanoblade.•The as-prepared anode can deliver a high capacity of 365 mAh g−1 at 1.5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles.•The as coupled full cell can simultaneously lighten three LEDs for seconds.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ
Herein, we describe our design and synthesis of novel chiral monophosphine ligands by the short-step addition of chiral lactates as side chains to the well-known ligand SPhos/RuPhos. The new chiral ...ligands were shown to be highly efficient in palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, providing a series of axially chiral biphenyl products in high yield and high enantioselectivity. Furthermore, the gram-scale reaction and the diverse conversions of the products demonstrated the potential utility of the approach.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The collaborative filtering (CF) based models are capable of grasping the interaction or correlation of users and items under consideration. However, existing CF-based methods can only grasp single ...type of relation, such as restricted Boltzmann machine which distinctly seize the correlation of user-user or item-item relation. On the other hand, matrix factorization explicitly captures the interaction between them. To overcome these setbacks in CF-based methods, we propose a novel deep learning method which imitates an effective intelligent recommendation by understanding the users and items beforehand. In the initial stage, corresponding low-dimensional vectors of users and items are learned separately, which embeds the semantic information reflecting the user-user and item-item correlation. During the prediction stage, a feed-forward neural networks is employed to simulate the interaction between user and item, where the corresponding pretrained representational vectors are taken as inputs of the neural networks. Several experiments based on two benchmark datasets (MovieLens 1M and MovieLens 10M) are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the result shows that our model outperforms previous methods that used feed-forward neural networks by a significant margin and performs very comparably with state-of-the-art methods on both datasets.
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