Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the adsorption of various gas molecules (H
2
, O
2
, H
2
O, NH
3
, NO, NO
2
, and CO) on monolayer MoS
2
. The most stable adsorption ...configuration, adsorption energy, and charge transfer are obtained. It is shown that all the molecules are weakly adsorbed on the monolayer MoS
2
surface and act as charge acceptors for the monolayer, except NH
3
which is found to be a charge donor. Furthermore, we show that charge transfer between the adsorbed molecule and MoS
2
can be significantly modulated by a perpendicular electric field. Our theoretical results are consistent with the recent experiments and suggest MoS
2
as a potential material for gas sensing application.
An aerobic visible-light driven photoredox catalytic formation of 2-substituted benzothiazoles through radical cyclization of thioanilides has been accomplished. The reaction features C–H ...functionalization and C–S bond formation with no direct metal involvement except the sensitizer. The reaction highlights the following: (1) visible-light is the reaction driving force; (2) molecular oxygen is the terminal oxidant, and (3) water is the only byproduct.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Biofilms are complex three-dimensional structures formed at interfaces by the vast majority of bacteria and fungi. These robust communities have an important detrimental impact on a wide range of ...industries and other facets of our daily lives, yet their removal is challenging owing to the high tolerance of biofilms towards conventional antimicrobial agents. This key issue has driven an urgent search for new innovative antibiofilm materials. Amongst these emerging approaches are highly promising materials that employ aqueous-soluble macromolecules, including peptides, proteins, synthetic polymers, and nanomaterials thereof, which exhibit a range of functionalities that can inhibit biofilm formation or detach and destroy organisms residing within established biofilms. In this Review, we outline the progress made in inhibiting and removing biofilms using macromolecular approaches, including a spotlight on cutting-edge materials that respond to environmental stimuli for "on-demand" antibiofilm activity, as well as synergistic multi-action antibiofilm materials. We also highlight materials that imitate and harness naturally derived species to achieve new and improved biomimetic and biohybrid antibiofilm materials. Finally, we share some speculative insights into possible future directions for this exciting and highly significant field of research.
Macromolecular entities, such as polymers, peptides, proteins, and hybrid materials thereof, are herein reviewed as promising antibiofilm agents.
The absence of near-infrared (NIR) solar cells with high open circuit voltage (V oc ) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) has impeded progress toward achieving organic photovoltaic (OPV) power ...conversion efficiency PCE > 15%. Here we report a small energy gap (1.3 eV), chlorinated nonfullerene acceptor-based solar cell with PCE = 11.2 ± 0.4%, short circuit current of 22.5 ± 0.6 mA cm–2, V oc = 0.70 ± 0.01 V and fill factor of 0.71 ± 0.02, which is the highest performance reported to date for NIR single junction OPVs. Importantly, the EQE of this NIR solar cell reaches 75%, between 650 and 850 nm while leaving a transparency window between 400 and 600 nm. The semitransparent OPV using an ultrathin (10 nm) Ag cathode shows PCE = 7.1 ± 0.1%, with an average visible transmittance of 43 ± 2%, Commission d’Eclairage chromaticity coordinates of (0.29, 0.32) and a color rendering index of 91 for simulated AM1.5 illumination transmitted through the cell.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Abstract
Background
Heart disease diagnosis is a challenging task and it is important to explore useful information from the massive amount of electrocardiogram (ECG) records of patients. The ...high-precision diagnostic identification of ECG can save clinicians and cardiologists considerable time while helping reduce the possibility of misdiagnosis at the same time.Currently, some deep learning-based methods can effectively perform feature selection and classification prediction, reducing the consumption of manpower.
Methods
In this work, an end-to-end deep learning framework based on convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed for ECG signal processing and arrhythmia classification. In the framework, a transformer network is embedded in CNN to capture the temporal information of ECG signals and a new link constraint is introduced to the loss function to enhance the classification ability of the embedding vector.
Results
To evaluate the proposed method, extensive experiments based on real-world data were conducted. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieve better performance than most baselines. The experiment results also proved that the transformer network pays more attention to the temporal continuity of the data and captures the hidden deep features of the data well. The link constraint strengthens the constraint on the embedded features and effectively suppresses the effect of data imbalance on the results.
Conclusions
In this paper, an end-to-end model is used to process ECG signal and classify arrhythmia. The model combine CNN and Transformer network to extract temporal information in ECG signal and is capable of performing arrhythmia classification with acceptable accuracy. The model can help cardiologists perform assisted diagnosis of heart disease and improve the efficiency of healthcare delivery.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We demonstrate the highly effective extraction of waveguided light from the active region of organic light-emitting devices using a non-diffractive dielectric grid layer placed between the ...transparent anode and the substrate. The sub-anode grid couples out all waveguide mode power into the substrate without changing the device electrical properties, resulting in an increase in both the external quantum efficiency and luminous efficacy for green phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices from 15 ± 1% and 36 ± 2 lm W-1 to 18 ± 1% and 43 ± 2 lm W-1 . These characteristics are further increased to 40 ± 2% and 95 ± 4 lm W-1 when all glass modes are also extracted. The use of a thick electron transport layer further reduces surface plasmon modes, resulting in an increase in the substrate and air modes by 50 ± 8% compared with devices lacking the grids. The sub-anode grid has minimal impact on organic light-emitting device emission wavelength and viewing angle, and is likely to prove beneficial for a broad range of display and lighting applications.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Amorphous molecular solids are inherently disordered, exhibiting strong exciton localization. Optical microcavities containing such disordered excitonic materials have been theoretically shown to ...support both propagating and localized exciton‐polariton modes. Here, the ultrastrong coupling of a Bloch surface wave photon and molecular excitons in a disordered organic thin film at room temperature is demonstrated, where the major fraction of the polaritons are propagating states. The delocalized exciton‐polariton has a group velocity as high as 3 × 107 m s–1 and a lifetime of 500 fs, leading to propagation distances of over 100 µm from the excitation source. The polariton intensity shows a halo‐like pattern that is due to self‐interference of the polariton mode, from which a coherence length of 20 µm is derived and is correlated with phase breaking by polariton scattering. The demonstration of ultralong‐range exciton‐polariton transport at room temperature promises new photonic and optoelectronic applications such as efficient energy transfer in disordered condensed matter systems.
Long‐range excitation energy transport over 100 µm is demonstrated in an amorphous organic thin film on a distributed Bragg reflector. The exciton exhibits ultrastrong coupling with a Bloch surface wave photon, overcoming the short exciton diffusion lengths of disordered material systems. The halo‐like polariton propagation pattern is explained by self‐interference.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important etiological agent of respiratory infection in children for which no specific treatment option is available. The RSV virion contains two surface ...glycoproteins (F and G) that are vital for the initial phases of infection, making them critical targets for RSV therapeutics. Recent studies have identified the broad-spectrum antiviral properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against respiratory pathogens, such as adenovirus, parainfluenza, and influenza. AgNPs achieve this by attaching to viral glycoproteins, blocking entry into the host cell. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of AgNPs in RSV infection. Herein we demonstrate AgNP-mediated reduction in RSV replication, both in epithelial cell lines and in experimentally infected BALB/c mice. Marked reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α) and pro-inflammatory chemokines (i.e., CCL2, CCL3, CCL5) was also observed. Conversely, CXCL1, G-CSF, and GM-CSF were increased in RSV-infected mice treated with AgNPs, consistent with an increase of neutrophil recruitment and activation in the lung tissue. Following experimental antibody-dependent depletion of neutrophils, the antiviral effect of AgNPs in mice treated was ablated. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo report demonstrating antiviral activity of AgNPs during RSV infection.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hydrogen energy with its advantages of high calorific value, renewable nature, and zero carbon emissions is considered an ideal candidate for clean energy in the future. The electrochemical ...decomposition of water, powered by renewable and clean energy sources, presents a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to hydrogen production. However, the traditional electrochemical overall water-splitting reaction (OWSR) is limited by the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with sluggish kinetics. Although important advances have been made in efficient OER catalysts, the theoretical thermodynamic difficulty predetermines the inevitable large potential (1.23 V vs. RHE for the OER) and high energy consumption for the conventional water electrolysis to obtain H 2 . Besides, the generation of reactive oxygen species at high oxidation potentials can lead to equipment degradation and increase maintenance costs. Therefore, to address these challenges, thermodynamically favorable anodic oxidation reactions with lower oxidation potentials than the OER are used to couple with the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to construct new coupling hydrogen production systems. Meanwhile, a series of robust catalysts applied in these new coupled systems are exploited to improve the energy conversion efficiency of hydrogen production. Besides, the electrochemical neutralization energy (ENE) of the asymmetric electrolytes with a pH gradient can further promote the decrease in application voltage and energy consumption for hydrogen production. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the advancements in electrochemical hydrogen production strategies with low energy consumption, including (1) the traditional electrochemical overall water splitting reaction (OWSR, HER-OER); (2) the small molecule sacrificial agent oxidation reaction (SAOR) and (3) the electrochemical oxidation synthesis reaction (EOSR) coupling with the HER (HER-SAOR, HER-EOSR), respectively; (4) regulating the pH gradient of the cathodic and anodic electrolytes. The operating principle, advantages, and the latest progress of these hydrogen production systems are analyzed in detail. In particular, the recent progress in the catalytic materials applied to these coupled systems and the corresponding catalytic mechanism are further discussed. Furthermore, we also provide a perspective on the potential challenges and future directions to foster advancements in electrocatalytic green sustainable hydrogen production.
Highlights • Microbial biofilms can cause implant failure and are difficult to treat. • Antimicrobial peptides hold promise as surface active antimicrobial agents. • Multifunctional coatings with ...different architectures are available. • Standardized in vitro and in vivo testing procedures are needed to evaluate coatings.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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