Bayesian Statistics and Marketing Rossi, Peter E; Allenby, Greg M; McCulloch, Rob
2012, 2012., 2005, 2012-05-14, 20051209, 20050101, c2005
eBook
The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in the use of Bayesian methods in marketing due, in part, to computational and modelling breakthroughs, making its implementation ideal for many marketing ...problems. Bayesian analyses can now be conducted over a wide range of marketing problems, from new product introduction to pricing, and with a wide variety of different data sources.Bayesian Statistics and Marketingdescribes the basic advantages of the Bayesian approach, detailing the nature of the computational revolution. Examples contained include household and consumer panel data on product purchases and survey data, demand models based on micro-economic theory and random effect models used to pool data among respondents. The book also discusses the theory and practical use of MCMC methods.Written by the leading experts in the field, this unique book:Presents a unified treatment of Bayesian methods in marketing, with common notation and algorithms for estimating the models.Provides a self-contained introduction to Bayesian methods.Includes case studies drawn from the authors’ recent research to illustrate how Bayesian methods can be extended to apply to many important marketing problems.Is accompanied by an R package, bayesm, which implements all of the models and methods in the book and includes many datasets. In addition the book’s website hosts datasets and R code for the case studies.Bayesian Statistics and Marketingprovides a platform for researchers in marketing to analyse their data with state-of-the-art methods and develop new models of consumer behaviour. It provides a unified reference for cutting-edge marketing researchers, as well as an invaluable guide to this growing area for both graduate students and professors, alike.
We formulate a continuum model to study the low-energy electronic structure of heterostructures formed by graphene on a strong three-dimensional topological insulator (TI) for the cases of both ...commensurate and incommensurate stacking. The incommensurability can be due to a twist angle between graphene and the TI surface or a lattice mismatch between the two systems. We find that the proximity of the TI induces in graphene a strong enhancement of the spin-orbit coupling that can be tuned via the twist angle.
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Acute myocardial infarction Reed, Grant W, MD; Rossi, Jeffrey E, MD; Cannon, Christopher P, Prof
The Lancet (British edition),
01/2017, Volume:
389, Issue:
10065
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Summary Acute myocardial infarction has traditionally been divided into ST elevation or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction; however, therapies are similar between the two, and the overall ...management of acute myocardial infarction can be reviewed for simplicity. Acute myocardial infarction remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite substantial improvements in prognosis over the past decade. The progress is a result of several major trends, including improvements in risk stratification, more widespread use of an invasive strategy, implementation of care delivery systems prioritising immediate revascularisation through percutaneous coronary intervention (or fibrinolysis), advances in antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, and greater use of secondary prevention strategies such as statins. This seminar discusses the important topics of the pathophysiology, epidemiological trends, and modern management of acute myocardial infarction, focusing on the recent advances in reperfusion strategies and pharmacological treatment approaches.
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No último ano, o Brasil apresentou um aumento de 190% na utilização de agrotóxicos, o que implica em um grave problema de saúde pública. O ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético possui classificação ...toxicológica I (extremamente tóxico) e por ser muito volátil, favorece a contaminação de solos, águas, animais e seres humanos. Modelo do estudo: Estudo Experimental. Objetivo: Analisar o infiltrado inflamatório de camundongos submetidos à nebulização aguda ao herbicida ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético, em diferentes intervalos de tempo e concentrações. Métodos: Foram utilizados 80 camundongos Swiss machos divididos em quatro grupos (n=20): salina, baixa (3,71 x 10-3 gramas de ingrediente ativo por hectare), média (6,19 x 10-3 gramas de ingrediente ativo por hectare) e alta concentração (9,28 x10-3 gramas de ingrediente ativo por hectare). Todos os animais foram expostos às nebulizações preconizadas para cada grupo por 15 minutos, em diferentes intervalos de tempo: 24, 48, 72 e 192 horas. O protocolo de exposição contou com duas caixas ligadas a um nebulizador ultrassônico e o vestíbulo nasal de cada animal foi retirado após a eutanásia, para a análise histológica. Resultados: A contagem de mastócitos apresentou valores significativamente aumentados no grupo alta concentração, no intervalo de tempo de 48 horas, quando comparado ao de 24 horas. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que a exposição aguda ao herbicida ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético aumenta a produção de mastócitos na cavidade nasal de animais expostos a altas concentrações, e que podem estar relacionados ao surgimento de reações alérgicas.
We study the Kondo effect in three-dimensional (3D) Dirac materials and Weyl semimetals. We find the scaling of the Kondo temperature with respect to the doping n and the coupling J between the ...moment of the magnetic impurity and the carriers of the semimetal. We consider the interplay of long-range scalar disorder and Kondo screening and find that it causes the Kondo effect to be characterized not by a Kondo temperature, but by a distribution of Kondo temperatures with features that cause the appearance of strong non-Fermi-liquid behavior. We then consider the effect of Kondo screening, and of the interplay of Kondo screening and long-range scalar disorder, on the transport properties of Weyl semimetals. Finally, we compare the properties of the Kondo effect in 3D and 2D Dirac materials such as graphene and topological insulators.
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We present the results of a semianalytical model that evolves the masses and spins of massive black holes together with the properties of their host galaxies across the cosmic history. As a ...consistency check, our model broadly reproduces a number of observations, e.g., the cosmic star formation history; the black hole mass, luminosity, and galaxy mass functions at low redshift; the black hole-bulge mass relation; and the morphological distribution at low redshift. For the first time in a semianalytical investigation, we relax the simplifying assumptions of perfect coherency or perfect isotropy of the gas fueling the black holes. The dynamics of gas is instead linked to the morphological properties of the host galaxies, resulting in different spin distributions for black holes hosted in different galaxy types. We compare our results with the observed sample of spin measurements obtained through broad K alpha iron line fitting. The observational data disfavor both accretion along a fixed direction and isotropic fueling. Conversely, when the properties of the accretion flow are anchored to the kinematics of the host galaxy, we obtain a good match between theoretical expectations and observations. A mixture of coherent accretion and phases of activity in which the gas dynamics is similar to that of the stars in bulges (i.e., with a significant velocity dispersion superimposed to a net rotation) best describes the data, adding further evidence in support of the coevolution of massive black holes and their hosts.
Viene descritto un caso clinico in cui la malattia renale cronica all'esordio non presentava difficoltà nell'inquadramento diagnostico (pielonefrite cronica associata a calcolosi renale).
Gli esami ...successivi hanno invece mostrato la presenza di una lieve ipercalcemia con soppressione del PTH. Vengono analizzate le possibili cause di ipercalcemia ed in ultimo dei livelli elevati di 1,25 (OH)2 vit. D. Segue una breve rassegna delle forme cliniche della sarcoidosi con un esame delle possibili indagini diagnostiche utili a formulare la diagnosi di sarcoidosi. Infine il decorso clinico con la risposta favorevole alla terapia steroidea rende ragione dei molteplici aspetti patogenetici implicati nel danno renale da sarcoidosi.
We present results of simulations aimed at tracing the formation of nuclear star clusters (NCs) and black hole (BH) seeds in the framework of the current Λcold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmogony. These BH ...seeds are considered to be progenitors of the supermassive BHs that inhabit today's galaxies. We focus on two mechanisms for the formation of BHs at high redshifts: as end-products of (1) Population III stars in metal-free haloes, and (2) runaway stellar collisions in metal-poor NCs. Our model tracks the chemical, radiative and mechanical feedback of stars on the baryonic component of the evolving haloes. This procedure allows us to evaluate when and where the conditions for BH formation are met, and to trace the emergence of BH seeds arising from the dynamical channel, in a cosmological context. BHs start to appear already at redshift ∼30 as remnants of Population III stars. The efficiency of this mechanism begins decreasing once feedbacks become increasingly important. Around redshift z∼ 15, BHs mostly form in the centre of mildly metal-enriched haloes inside dense NCs. The seed BHs that form along the two pathways have at birth a mass of around 100-1000 M⊙. The occupation fraction of BHs is a function of both halo mass and mass growth rate: at a given redshift, heavier and faster growing haloes have a higher chance to form a native BH, or to acquire an inherited BH via merging of another system. With decreasing z, the probability of finding a BH shifts towards progressively higher mass halo intervals. This is due to the fact that, at later cosmic times, low-mass systems rarely form a seed, and already formed BHs are deposited into larger mass systems due to hierarchical mergers. Our model predicts that at z= 0, all haloes above 1011 M⊙ should host a BH (in agreement with observational results), most probably inherited during their lifetime. Haloes less massive than 109 M⊙ have a higher probability to host a native BH, but their occupation fraction decreases below 10 per cent.
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