Summary
A systematic search of the literature was performed to compare the effects of interventions that targeted sedentary behaviours or physical activity (PA) or physical fitness on primary ...prevention of obesity in 6‐ to 12‐year‐old children. The search identified 146 reports that provided relevant data for meta‐analysis. Point estimates in % body fat were higher for fitness interventions compared with PA interventions (standardized mean difference = −0.11%; 95% CI = −0.26 to 0.04, and −0.04%; 95% CI = −0.15 to 0.06, respectively). Including sedentary behaviour to a PA‐ or fitness‐oriented intervention was not accompanied by an increase in intervention effectiveness, as the point estimates were slightly smaller compared with those for PA‐ or fitness‐only interventions. Overall, the effects tended to be larger in girls than in boys, especially for PA + sedentary behaviour interventions. There was some evidence for inequality, as the effects on body mass index were seen when interventions were delivered in the general population (standardized mean difference = −0.05, 95% CI = −0.07 to −0.02), but not in groups of disadvantaged children (standardized mean difference = −0.01, 95% CI = −0.29 to 0.19). In conclusion, school‐based PA interventions appear to be an effective strategy in the primary prevention of childhood obesity among 6‐ to 12‐year‐old children, but targeting sedentary behaviour in addition to PA or fitness does not increase the effectiveness of the intervention.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Silver spurs from an unknown site Radman-Livaja, Ivan
Vjesnik Arheološkog muzeja u Zagrebu,
01/2021, Volume:
54, Issue:
1
Web Resource, Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
In the 1970s or the early 1980s an anonymous donator has gifted
a pair of spurs to Zdenko Vinski, who had been in charge of the
Mediaeval Department for decades. Unfortunately, the whereabouts
of the ...discovery and the find spot are unknown and we
may only speculate that these spurs were found somewhere
in former Yugoslavia. They are nonetheless easily identifiable
from a typological point of view, being late Roman spurs belonging
to the so-called Leuna type. This set may be dated to the 4th
century AD. One may presume that this set was found in a grave,
since Leuna-type spurs are more often than not either grave
finds or finds discovered within Roman military sites and settlements,
the latter finds usually not being full sets but single
spurs or fragments. The find context is shrouded in mystery because
the discovery did not occur under archaeological supervision
and within the legal frame of professional field research.
One may only conjecture what else could have been found in
that grave but in any case, the discoverer, or one of the discoverers,
contacted Zdenko Vinski, probably in order to get more
information about his (or their) find. The late curator must have
somehow convinced the anonymous finder to leave the spurs
in the Museum but he probably never managed to obtain more
information about the find spot and the archaeological context.
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to examine the acute effects of graded physiological strain on soccer kicking performance.
Methods
Twenty-eight semi-professional soccer players completed ...both experimental and control procedure. The experimental protocol incorporated repeated shooting trials combined with a progressive discontinuous maximal shuttle-run intervention. The initial running velocity was 8 km/h and increasing for 1 km/h every 3 min until exhaustion. The control protocol comprised only eight subsequent shooting trials. The soccer-specific kicking accuracy (KA; average distance from the ball-entry point to the goal center), kicking velocity (KV), and kicking quality (KQ; kicking accuracy divided by the time elapsed from hitting the ball to the point of entry) were evaluated via reproducible and valid test over five individually determined exercise intensity zones.
Results
Compared with baseline or exercise at intensities below the second lactate threshold (LT
2
), physiological exertion above the LT
2
(blood lactate > 4 mmol/L) resulted in meaningful decrease in KA (11–13 %;
p
< 0.05), KV (3–4 %;
p
< 0.05), and overall KQ (13–15 %;
p
< 0.01). The light and moderate-intensity exercise below the LT
2
had no significant effect on soccer kicking performance.
Conclusions
The results suggest that high-intensity physiological exertion above the player’s LT
2
impairs soccer kicking performance. In contrast, light to moderate physiological stress appears to be neither harmful nor beneficial for kicking performance.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the inline skating skill test. Based on previous skating experience forty-two skaters (26 female and 16 male) were randomized into two ...groups (competitive level vs. recreational level). They performed the test four times, with a recovery time of 45 minutes between sessions. Prior to testing, the participants rated their skating skill using a scale from 1 to 10. The protocol included performance time measurement through a course, combining different skating techniques. Trivial changes in performance time between the repeated sessions were determined in both competitive females/males and recreational females/males (-1.7% 95% CI: -5.8-2.6% - 2.2% 95% CI: 0.0-4.5%). In all four subgroups, the skill test had a low mean within-individual variation (1.6% 95% CI: 1.2-2.4% - 2.7% 95% CI: 2.1-4.0%) and high mean inter-session correlation (ICC = 0.97 95% CI: 0.92-0.99 - 0.99 95% CI: 0.98-1.00). The comparison of detected typical errors and smallest worthwhile changes (calculated as standard deviations × 0.2) revealed that the skill test was able to track changes in skaters' performances. Competitive-level skaters needed shorter time (24.4-26.4%, all p < 0.01) to complete the test in comparison to recreational-level skaters. Moreover, moderate correlation (ρ = 0.80-0.82; all p < 0.01) was observed between the participant's self-rating and achieved performance times. In conclusion, the proposed test is a reliable and valid method to evaluate inline skating skills in amateur competitive and recreational level skaters. Further studies are needed to evaluate the reproducibility of this skill test in different populations including elite inline skaters.
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DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine internal consistency and retest reliability of the Croatian version of PAQ-C on a sample of 6-10 years old children and to report physical activity ...levels of elementary school pupils. The same set of questions was administered to the pupils on two different occasions, three weeks apart. Both testing rounds for 8-10 years old pupils were conducted at school in the presence of an experienced researcher. In contrast, the 6-8 years old pupils took the questionnaires home and completed them with parental help. A total of 81 pupils (participation rate 65%) filled out the questionnaire at both time points. Internal consistency for the 6- to 8-year-old group, as assessed by Cronbach’s alpha, was .51 and .69 for the first and second measure, respectively. For the 8- to 10-year-old group, Cronbach’s alpha for the first and second measure was .77 and .75, respectively. Average Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) between total physical activity levels of the first and second measure was .56 (95% IC .05 – .76) and .75 (95%CI .54 – .86) for the 6- to 8-year-old and 8- to 10-year-old group, respectively. Results of the present study support the use of the Croatian version of PAQ-C to assess the physical activity levels of 8- to 10-year-old pupils. In contrast, the current evidence indicates that PAQ-C will not reliably assess parental-reported physical activity levels of children younger than 8 years.Key words: elementary school pupils; physical activity levels; repeatability.---SažetakCilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi internu konzistenciju i retest pouzdanost hrvatske inačice PAQ-C upitnika na uzorku djece u dobi od 6 do 10 godina te izvijestiti o razini tjelesne aktivnosti učenika razredne nastave. Isti set pitanja primijenjen je na učenicima dva puta s vremenskim razmakom od tri tjedna. Oba mjerenja učenika u dobi od 8 do 10 godina održana su u školi uz prisustvo iskusnog istraživača. Suprotno tome, učenici u dobi od 6 do 8 godina ispunjavali su upitnik kod kuće, uz pomoć roditelja. Ukupno 81 učenik (85 %) ispunio je upitnik u obje vremenske točke. Interna konzistencija procijenjena Cronbachovom alfom kod skupine u dobi od 6 do 8 godina iznosila je .51 za prvo mjerenje, odnosno .69 za drugo mjerenja. Kod skupine od 8 do 10 godina, za prvo mjerenje Cronbahova alfa iznosila je .77, a za drugo mjerenje .75. Prosječan Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) između rezultata ukupne tjelesne aktivnosti prvog i drugog mjerenja iznosio je 0.56 (95% IC .05 – .76) za skupinu u dobi od 6 do 8 godina, odnosno .75 (95%CI 0.54 – 0.86) za skupinu u dobi od 8 do 10 godina. Rezultati ovog istraživanja podupiru korištenje hrvatske inačice PAQ-C upitnika za procjenu razine tjelesne aktivnosti učenika u dobi od 8 do 10 godina. Nasuprot tome, trenutni dokazi upućuju na to kako PAQ-C upitnik neće pouzdano procijeniti razinu tjelesne aktivnosti učenika mlađih od 8 godina.Ključne riječi: ponovljivost; razina tjelesne aktivnosti; učenici razredne nastave.
Highlights • The physiological load influences balance. • The static balance and dynamic balance are both affected. • Already at the intensity 60–65% of HRmax the significant decrease of balance ...abilities happens. • Above the anaerobic threshold the additional decrease in balance occurs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Archaeological excavations at the hillfort site of Gradina Svete Trojice, situated on the slopes of Velebit mountain, revealed abundant finds from the second half of the last millenium BC. Imported ...tableware, amphorae and various utilitarian shapes of coarse pottery are the basic categories of ceramic finds that testify, alongside metal objects such as coins or fibulae, to the trade and cultural connections with other parts of the Adriatic. Within the ceramic production, less frequently appear special shapes that do not belong to the mentioned categories of vessels for the preparation and consumption of food and beverages. On this occasion clay tools for textile production will be examined – i.e. the loom weights, spools and spindle whorls found during the trial excavations.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi internu konzistenciju i retest pouzdanost hrvatske inačice PAQ-C upitnika na uzorku djece u dobi od 6 do 10 godina te izvijestiti o razini tjelesne aktivnosti ...učenika razredne nastave. Isti set pitanja primijenjen je na učenicima dva puta s vremenskim razmakom od tri tjedna. Oba mjerenja učenika u dobi od 8 do 10 godina održana su u školi uz prisustvo iskusnog istraživača. Suprotno tome, učenici u dobi od 6 do 8 godina ispunjavali su upitnik kod kuće, uz pomoć roditelja. Ukupno 81 učenik (85 %) ispunio je upitnik u obje vremenske točke. Interna konzistencija procijenjena Cronbachovom alfom kod skupine u dobi od 6 do 8 godina iznosila je .51 za prvo mjerenje, odnosno .69 za drugo mjerenja. Kod skupine od 8 do 10 godina, za prvo mjerenje Cronbahova alfa iznosila je .77, a za drugo mjerenje .75. Prosječan Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) između rezultata ukupne tjelesne aktivnosti prvog i drugog mjerenja iznosio je 0.56 (95% IC .05 – .76) za skupinu u dobi od 6 do 8 godina, odnosno .75 (95%CI 0.54 – 0.86) za skupinu u dobi od 8 do 10 godina. Rezultati ovog istraživanja podupiru korištenje hrvatske inačice PAQ-C upitnika za procjenu razine tjelesne aktivnosti učenika u dobi od 8 do 10 godina. Nasuprot tome, trenutni dokazi upućuju na to kako PAQ-C upitnik neće pouzdano procijeniti razinu tjelesne aktivnosti učenika mlađih od 8 godina.
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