This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between a 7-day recall questionnaire and multiple-sensor monitor in identifying sufficiently active adolescents. A total of 282 students involved in the ...CRO-PALS study were randomly selected for a device-based measurement of physical activity (PA) using the SenseWear Armband device (SWA) no more than three weeks before or after having fulfilled the SHAPES questionnaire. Valid data was obtained from 150 participants (61 boys; 89 girls) and included in the analysis. In boys, SHAPES exhibited high specificity (92.3%), overall percent agreement (85.0%), and significant agreement (κ = 0.32,
= 0.014) with the SWA in recognising sufficiently active individuals. Conversely, no agreement was detected for quartiles of PA, although boys that were classified in the first and in the fourth quartile by SHAPES differed in device-based measured duration of MVPA (134 95%CI: 109-160 vs. 87 95%CI: 65-108,
= 0.032); and VPA (39 95%CI: 23-56 vs. 14 95%CI: 6-22,
= 0.011). In girls, no significant agreement between the two methods was found in any of the analyses. It appears that the SHAPES questionnaire is effective to identify individuals that comply with PA recommendations and to distinguish between the most active and the least active individuals for adolescent boys, but not for girls.
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It is a common belief that most sports clubs and organisations are primarily focused on elite sports while placing less emphasis on the promotion of health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA). ...However, there is a lack of evidence on this topic in the scientific literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the level and correlates of the commitment of sports organisations in Europe to HEPA promotion.
Representatives of 536 sports organisations from 36 European countries responded to our survey. A multiple regression analysis was conducted with the commitment of sports organisation to HEPA promotion (0 "not at all" - 10 "most highly") as the outcome variable and organisation type ("national sport association" reference group ref, "European sports federation", "national umbrella sports organisation", "national Olympic committee", "national sport-for-all organisation"), headquarters in a European Union member state ("no" ref, "yes"), region of Europe ("Western" ref, "Central and Eastern", "Northern", "Southern"), commitment to elite sports ("low" ref, "medium", "high"), and awareness of Sports Club for Health (SCforH) guidelines ("no" ref, "yes") as explanatory variables.
Approximately 75.2% (95% confidence interval CI: 71.5, 78.8) of sports organisations were highly committed to elite sports. Only 28.2% (95% CI: 24.4, 32.0) of sports organisations reported a high commitment to HEPA promotion. A higher commitment to HEPA promotion was associated with the national Olympic committees (β = 1.48 95% CI: 0.41, 2.55, p = 0.007), national sport-for-all organisations (β = 1.68 95% CI: 0.74, 2.62, p < 0.001), location in Central and Eastern Europe (β = 0.56 95% CI: 0.01, 1.12, p = 0.047), and awareness of SCforH guidelines (β = 0.86 95% CI: 0.35, 1.37, p < 0.001).
From our findings, it seems that most sports organisations are primarily focused on elite sports. Coordinated actions at the European Union and national levels are needed to improve the promotion of HEPA through sports organisations. In this endeavour, it may be useful to consider national Olympic committees, national sport-for-all organisations, and relevant sports organisations in Central and Eastern Europe as role models and to raise the awareness of SCforH guidelines.
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The main purpose of the present study was to determine the associations between sleep duration and sleep quality with respect to dietary habits. In this cross-sectional study, 810 free-living older ...adults aged ≥85 years were recruited from six neighborhoods from the city of Zagreb. Diet, sleep duration and sleep quality were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. The associations between sleep duration and sleep quality with respect to dietary habits were examined using generalized estimating equations with Poisson regression analyses. After adjusting for body-mass index, self-rated health, psychological distress, physical activity, socioeconomic status, chronic disease/s, sex and age, we revealed that 'short' (<7 h; Rate Ratio (RR) = 0.43; 95% CI(confident interval) 0.30 to 0.64) and 'long' (>8 h; RR = 0.26; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.48) sleep durations and 'good' sleep quality (RR = 1.13; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.20) were associated with a 'moderate-to-high' healthy diet. When sleep duration and sleep quality were entered simultaneously into Model 3, 'short' (RR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.44 and 'long' (RR = 0.27; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.52) sleep duration and 'good' sleep quality (RR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.25) remained associated with a 'moderate-to-high' healthy diet. Our study shows that both 'short' and 'long' sleep duration and 'good' sleep quality are associated with 'moderate-to-high' healthy diets.
Dealing with various aspects of archaeological research typically results in diverse and often very large datasets and, over the last few decades, primarily in a born-digital format. These data may ...be produced in many ways, but when we refer to archaeological data, we typically mean the primary data collected during various forms of archaeological fieldwork. Such data represent the primary information about fieldwork procedures and original archaeological contexts, while in the case of archaeological excavation, it serves as the sole remaining evidence of the contextual significance of archaeological features and finds. Therefore, it holds immense importance for archaeological heritage, and undoubtedly, the procedures for data archiving become the most vital prerequisite for its long-term preservation. In Croatia, the legal framework for managing cultural heritage is defined by the Act on the Protection and Preservation of Cultural Objects. Simultaneously, archaeological activities are governed by the Ordinance on Archaeological Research, which, together with the Act on Museums, also regulates the archiving of field documentation. These regulations stipulate that, in addition to archaeological finds, fieldwork documentation must be submitted to a competent public museum institution. Consequently, museums bear legal responsibility for the archaeological documentation and its archiving. While Croatian museums have established long-standing and standardising procedures for collecting data on museum objects, no standards or guidelines have ever been established for archiving datasets created during archaeological fieldwork. Given the absence of a national digital data archiving system for archaeology, this article focuses on considering the factors necessary to establish an appropriate infrastructure for digital data archiving in Croatia.
It has been hypothesized that breakfast consumption is generally associated with healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as increased physical activity. The aim of this study was to examine the relations ...between breakfast consumption, adiposity measures and physical activity among adolescents. This investigation is a part of the Croatian physical activity in adolescence longitudinal study (CRO-PALS). This investigation is based on 802 participants (48% girls and 52% boys), aged between 15.2 and 16.0 years. Physical activity level and sedentary behaviors were assessed using the SHAPES questionnaire. Adiposity measures included the sum of four skinfolds, and multi-pass 24-h recall was used as the dietary assessment method. Participants who consumed breakfast had significantly lower body fat % (
= 0.011 for boys;
≤ 0.001 for girls) compared to breakfast non-consumers. Physical activity has no mediating effect in the association of breakfast consumption on adiposity in boys (Sobel's t = -0.541;
= 0.588) and girls (Sobel's t = 1.020;
= 0.307). Breakfast consumption was negatively associated with adiposity only in the boys at the highest tertile of physical activity (
= 0.04). Physical activity has no mediating effect on the associations between breakfast consumption and adiposity, but has a moderation effect only in the most active boys. Breakfast consumption might exert beneficial effects only in the most active male adolescents, but not in the inactive ones.
This book has come about as a result of the project 'Roman Funerary Monuments of South-Western Pannonia in their Material, Social, and Religious Context', unfolding between 2015 and 2018 in the ...Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts under the auspices of the Croatian Science Foundation, with B. Migotti as the project leader and M. Šašel Kos and I. Radman-Livaja as collaborators. 'Roman Funerary Monuments of South-Western Pannonia in their Material, Social, and Religious Context' examines around two hundred funerary monuments and fragments (stelai, sarcophagi, ash-chests, tituli, altars, medallions and buildings) from three Roman cities in the south-west part of the Roman province of Pannonia in the territory of north-west Croatia: colonia Siscia (Sisak) and municipia Andautonia (Ščitarjevo) and Aquae Balissae (Daruvar). A juxtaposition of the evidence from three administrative units of different dimensions and municipal profiles, and of unequal importance in the wider area, offered a good opportunity for a meaningful comparison of the main components for a reconstruction of material, social and cultural components of the three Romano-provincial communities. The components studied were: 1 – territorial scope of the individual cities; 2 – quantification of the monuments in terms of kinds and chronology; 3 – structural typology and iconography; 4 – social aspects of the monument use; 5 – ritual and religious aspects (incineration vs. inhumation, classical religion vs. Christianity); 6 – geo-archaeological aspect. The most valuable contributions have been achieved in the geo-archaeological field, as such research had never been carried out in the studied area before.
The study aimed to evaluate the test-retest reliability of a newly developed 356 Soccer Shooting Test (356-SST), and the discriminative ability of this test with respect to the soccer players' ...proficiency level and leg dominance. Sixty-six male soccer players, divided into three groups based on their proficiency level (amateur, n = 24; novice semi-professional, n = 18; and experienced semi-professional players, n = 24), performed 10 kicks following a two-step run up. Forty-eight of them repeated the test on a separate day. The following shooting variables were derived: ball velocity (BV; measured via radar gun), shooting accuracy (SA; average distance from the ball-entry point to the goal centre), and shooting quality (SQ; shooting accuracy divided by the time elapsed from hitting the ball to the point of entry). No systematic bias was evident in the selected shooting variables (SA: 1.98±0.65 vs. 2.00±0.63 m; BV: 24.6±2.3 vs. 24.5±1.9 m s-1; SQ: 2.92±1.0 vs. 2.93±1.0 m s-1; all p>0.05). The intra-class correlation coefficients were high (ICC = 0.70-0.88), and the coefficients of variation were low (CV = 5.3-5.4%). Finally, all three 356-SST variables identify, with adequate sensitivity, differences in soccer shooting ability with respect to the players' proficiency and leg dominance. The results suggest that the 356-SST is a reliable and sensitive test of specific shooting ability in men's soccer. Future studies should test the validity of these findings in a fatigued state, as well as in other populations.
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Purpose: Entrepreneurship is often viewed as a driver of the global economy. However, previous research on the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth shows contradictory results ...depending on the research settings. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how early-stage entrepreneurship - including only enterprises that are less than three and a half years old - affects regional economic growth in the European Union.
Methodology: The methodology includes three methods: bivariate correlation, fixed effects regression with region and time fixed effects and spatial fixed effects regression. The panel sample consists of 273 NUTS 2 regions between 2008 and 2017.
Results: The results support the hypothesis of this research and show that early-stage entrepreneurship has a mild positive effect on the economic growth of European regions. However, the potential bidirectional nature of this relationship obliterates the ability to comment on the causality of this link. The percentage of people in the active population employed in human resources in science and technology and gross fixed capital formation have a significant and impactful effect on regional GDP.
Conclusion: The conclusion can be drawn that the effect of early-stage entrepreneurship on regional economic growth is conditioned by the population density of the region. Although these results show that enterprises founded in densely populated areas such as cities and metropolitan areas tend to have a larger effect on the regional economy, the results are ambiguous.
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(1) Background: Individuals' psychological traits can influence not just success in sport but also the ability to learn new motor skills. We investigated whether sport courage, worry and fear differ ...between alpine ski-naive and basic level skiers and how they affect ski learning. (2): A total of 337 students (249 ski-naive and 88 basic level) participated in research consisting of a four-part questionnaire and structured skiing program. (3) Results: For beginners, lower fear (
-0.30,
0.01) and higher Self-efficiency (
0.28,
0.05) and mastery (
0.20,
0.01) were associated with better performance; reducing fear and increasing self-efficiency and worry increased performance. Experienced skiers were better in determination, mastery, and self-efficiency (all
0.05). In case of lower score in worry (
-0.28,
0.01) and higher in self-efficiency (
0.22,
0.05) performance was better. Males scored higher in sport courage scale-31 (all
0.05). In particular, self-efficiency was associated with better (
0.39,
0.01), and higher fear with poorer performance (
-0.33,
0.01). Moreover, self-efficiency was a predictor of ski success (
0.001). On the other hand, females like ski beginners scored higher in fear (
0.001). In females, determination, mastery and self-efficiency had a positive correlation with skiing (
0.21,
0.05,
0.28,
0.01, and
0.33,
0.01, respectively), while association between Fear and skiing (
-0.46,
0.01) was negative, and fear (
0.001) was inversely related to success. (4): Conclusions: Psychological factors and gender differences need to be considered during learning phases of alpine skiing. There is a positive association between self-efficiency and performance of male ski beginners, and negative association between fear and achieved results in basic alpine ski school in case of female ski beginners.
A Retiarius’ Trident from Siscia? Radman Livaja, Ivan
Arheološki radovi i rasprave,
05/2020, Volume:
19, Issue:
1
Journal Article, Paper
Open access
Among the many finds discovered in the harbour of Sisak during the dredging
undertaken in the early 20th century, several pronged spears, evidently fisherman
implements, were also found. One of those ...finds, however, shows some
notable differences. The lack of barbs on the prongs and its general appearance,
strongly reminiscent of tridents’ depictions used by retiarii, could imply that
this artefact was never meant to be used to catch fishes. It would rather appear
that it was a gladiatorial weapon according to analogies depicted on Roman
mosaics, reliefs, graffiti, pottery and glass vessels.
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