Purpose: Entrepreneurship is often viewed as a driver of the global economy. However, previous research on the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth shows contradictory results ...depending on the research settings. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how early-stage entrepreneurship - including only enterprises that are less than three and a half years old - affects regional economic growth in the European Union.
Methodology: The methodology includes three methods: bivariate correlation, fixed effects regression with region and time fixed effects and spatial fixed effects regression. The panel sample consists of 273 NUTS 2 regions between 2008 and 2017.
Results: The results support the hypothesis of this research and show that early-stage entrepreneurship has a mild positive effect on the economic growth of European regions. However, the potential bidirectional nature of this relationship obliterates the ability to comment on the causality of this link. The percentage of people in the active population employed in human resources in science and technology and gross fixed capital formation have a significant and impactful effect on regional GDP.
Conclusion: The conclusion can be drawn that the effect of early-stage entrepreneurship on regional economic growth is conditioned by the population density of the region. Although these results show that enterprises founded in densely populated areas such as cities and metropolitan areas tend to have a larger effect on the regional economy, the results are ambiguous.
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Recent research suggests that greater business co-operation between enterprises is associated with a higher level of social capital of an individual. Since managers are basically people who base ...their activity on co-operation, the goal of this paper is to establish a link between the level of social capital of managers in cluster-based companies with their assessment of the activity and results of those activities in clusters. The analysis includes all dimensions and elements of social capital and the perception of managers on the business results of mutual cooperation. For this purpose, the Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and the nonparametric statistical method (Kendall Tau-b correlation; τb) were used to avoid the conclusion using only one of the methods. The results have shown that there is a statistically significant, but weak, correlation between trust in institutions and active membership in associations with managers' assessment of joint activities within the cluster.This research has shown that there is a statistically significant association between multiple memberships of managers in associations with their higher grade of activity within the cluster. The results have shown that general trust and perception of compliance with the norms of citizens is negatively associated with a higher grade of cluster activity, but these results are not statistically significant.
Companies that have successfully implemented the target cost model are recording success in cost reduction due to the quality information provided by this method in reducing the difference between ...the actual current product costs and allowable costs. The inadequacy in applying traditional cost management models in today's business conditions is mainly related to problems in allocating overheads to cost centres, which results in the inability to determine the actual amount of indirect (overhead) costs. ...the choice of the method by which costs are allocated to cost centres is of great importance for a realistic assessment of the total costs caused by a particular product and for a realistic assessment of product profitability. In addition to the comparative method, modelling methods and simulation methods, the inductive method, the generalisation method and the mathematical method will be used in this section. 1.3 Expected scientific contribution This paper's expected scientific contribution is in the research results that will result from the analysis of the integration of the ABC method and the target cost method. ABC quickly became a hit method that first, in the 1990s, occupied the manufacturing sector, In his research, Ansari (1997) also found that target costs were used in Japan in the 1960s, but Japanese companies incorporated target cost techniques into a unique idea called value analysis and thus turned integrated methods into dynamic cost management and profit planning systems.1 Hilton (2008) defines target costs as projected long-term costs that allow products to enter and survive on the market and achieve competitive advantages.
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By using partial least squares path modeling, this paper develops a complex index of social capital, selects Croatia as the case for testing and validating the index, and investigates the regional ...distribution of social capital. The social capital index is defined as a complex hierarchical structured construct of third-order with social trust, participation, and civism as its core dimensions. The main results indicate that civism is the most important cause of social capital followed by active participation and social trust. As far as the regional distribution of social capital is concerned, there are statistically significant differences across the Croatian regions. Although the lowest or below the national average level of social capital and its dimensions can be mostly found in the least developed regions (with the exception of the capital), the highest level of social capital and its particular dimensions is not achieved in the most developed regions.
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5.
MICROENTREPRENEURS´ INNOVATION Štavlić, Katarina; Funarić, Mirjana Radman; Galić, Katarina Potnik
Proceedings of FEB Zagreb International Odyssey Conference on Economics and Business,
06/2020, Volume:
2, Issue:
1
Conference Proceeding
Innovation is considered as one of the factors of business success, as well as a generator of economic growth and development. Micro-enterprises in the Republic of Croatia have a growing contribution ...to economic development and it is important to monitor the level of innovative activities and in line with the available data, investigate the link between innovation and business performance. Despite the great importance of innovation activities for business success and business growth, microentrepreneurs innovation activities have still not been sufficiently explored in the Republic of Croatia. There are regional developmental disparities in the Republic of Croatia, and for this reason, this paper focuses on the Slavonia and Baranja regions (there are five counties) whose macroeconomic indicators are below the average of the Republic of Croatia. The sample in this survey were successful and unsuccessful micro entrepreneurs from manufacturing industry, construction industry and agriculture, forestry and fisheries. The results of earlier inquiries conducted in 104 micro enterprises in the Slavonia and Baranja region have shown that the assessment of the importance of innovation is linked to the business success achieved by micro enterprises and that there is a correlation between the number of new or improved services from micro enterprise performance. The aim of this paper is, based on the same research, ranking the counties of the Slavonia and Baranja regions according to perception and the actual performance of the business and calculate the correlation (Spearman's rho) between the ranks of the perception of the importance of innovation for business success and the ranking of really achieved results EBITDA Margin, ROE, growth rates of operating revenues, number of years of positive business in the last three year and level of success of micro enterprises measured with values 0-12. The results showed that none of the calculated correlations was statistically significant.
This paper primary goal is set to measure the interrelations between different Legatum Prosperity Index (LPI) pillars in the global frame. Enterprise Conditions pillar is set as a dependent variable, ...a measure of sustainable success. The paper observes the relationship towards all other pillars of LPI namely: Social Capital, Safety & Security, Personal Freedoms, Governance, Investment Environment, Market Access and Infrastructure, Economic Quality, Living Conditions, Health, Education and Natural Environment. Pillars themselves are categorised into three main domains: Inclusive Societies, Open Economies and Empowered People aiming to ensure a holistic approach to the topic investigated. The panel sample included 167 world countries analysis for a period between 2007 and 2020. The overall number of observations is 2338 and the analysis included two methods: bivariate correlation and hierarchical multiple linear regression (through three models). The results gained show that Investment Environment, Market Access and Infrastructure strong and positively affect Enterprise Conditions. Health, Natural Environment, Governance and Social Capital pillars also show positive, but slightly weaker relation, while Education and Living Conditions as well as Safety and Security show negative relation towards entrepreneurship. Statistically significant but weak negative link between Personal Freedom towards Enterprise Conditions is also shown. Keywords: Prosperity index; Enterprise conditions; Social capital; Sustainability; Wellbeing
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This paper focuses on applying artificial intelligence (AI) systems in tourism, especially in accommodation and hospitality services, and the Croatian consumer's perceptions and attitudes. Various ...technology acceptance model theories and previous research in AI development and application in the tourism sector have been cross-examined and presented in the theoretical part of the paper, contributing to the topic elaboration and deeper understanding of crucial influential factors regarding consumer perception and attitudes towards AI in tourism deployment. The research part of the paper presents methods used to collect primary data and outlines, validates and discusses the results obtained. The research data collection method was an online questionnaire using the snowball method created with a series of qualitative and quantitative questions conducted during the 2024 year in Croatia on a representative sample. The research results reveal noticeable differences regarding the specific characteristics in respondents' demographic and socio-economic profiles within their perception and attitudes towards artificial intelligence use and application in the tourism sector.
The paper presents an analysis of the precondition to create or the potential for the establishment of clusters in the Central and Eastern (Pannonian) Croatia. The starting point of the paper is a ...theoretical elaboration of the need for entrepreneurs to organize through the cluster model and the definition of terms of their self-actualization, related to the importance of traditional values in terms of benefits, social capital, and the assessment of a company's present situation, in order to prove the need to create its own identity in terms of clustering. For this purpose, the paper uses part of the data collected for the study and exploitation plan of clusters in the broader region of Central-South Slavonia with main focus on Brodsko-Posavska and Pozesko-Slavonska County. Because of the institutional dimensions of social capital where the public sector has the best role in creating the social structure of clusters, and social dimensions of social capital in terms of trust, cooperation and networking, the paper analyses to what extent trust and coherence are present in dealings between companies in Brodsko-Posavska and Pozesko-Slavonska County, expressed through the readiness to be included in clusters in the NUTS II region - Central and Eastern (Pannonian) Croatia as a homogeneous economic entity, with the emphasis on limiting factors that stand in the way of greater competitiveness. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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This paper analyses the quantitative research on disabled persons' social inclusion patterns in the Croatian employment sector. Croatian Employment Service and Croatian National Institute for ...Expertise, Professional Rehabilitation and Employment of Persons with Disabilities aggregated open source data have been used to calculate the national structure and movement of employed and unemployed persons with disabilities in the Croatian employment sector from 2005-2022. The paper used a statistical analysis of the dynamic change of employed and unemployed persons with disabilities in the period from 2005 to 2022 in monitoring changes in the number of employed and unemployed persons with disabilities. The shares of the number of employed persons in the total number of persons with disabilities and the shares of the number of unemployed persons in the total number of persons with disabilities were calculated. Statistical coefficients were also presented, showing the ratio of the number of unemployed persons with disabilities to employed persons with disabilities. The analysis results show a positive trend in the employment of persons with disabilities in the Croatian employment sector from 2005 to 2022. Observing the direct relationship between employment and unemployment of persons with disabilities, there is an encouraging trend. Since 2005, the number of unemployed per employed person with disabilities has been decreasing year by year. There is a noticeable reverse trend of decrease in the period of the great economic crisis 2008-2011 and a discrepancy in 2020 at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating the employment sector reaction to pressures of significant socio-economic changes on the employment rates ofpeople with disabilities, which are consequently negatively reflected and primarily affecting employment status of vulnerable social groups. Finally, research and practical implications, limitations and further research recommendations are discussed.
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