In the present study, ZrB
2
nanoparticles were synthesized using sol-gel method. Zirconium alkoxide was used as the source of zirconium and boric acid as the source of boron. The size of precursor ...nanoparticle was controlled using the pH parameter inside the sol, and the formation of primary nuclei of ZrB
2
phase and their crystallized amount were investigated using the temperature parameter. To evaluate the mechanism of product formation during the sol-gel process, TEM, SEM, DTA/TG, RAMAN, XRD, FTIR, and DLS methods were used. DLS analysis showed that the size of precursor particle inside the sol at pH less than 5 was below 10 nm. Measurements of viscosity and zeta potential inside the sol showed that in the acidic range, the particle stability decreases with increasing pH. Mixing of precursor particles at molecular level inside the sol was one of the important reasons in reducing the synthesis temperature of ZrB
2
particles. FTIR analysis on chemical bonds showed that Zr-O-B bond was formed inside the gel powder. DTA analysis showed that the primary nuclei of ZrB
2
particles were formed at a temperature of about 1400 °C. XRD observations proved that the primary nuclei of the ZrB
2
phase crystallized and grew at a temperature of about 1500 °C. Surface research revealed that the specific surface area of the synthesized ZrB
2
particles is equivalent to 115 m
2
/g, and also the surfaces of these particles are porous, and the size of these porosities is in meso range. SEM analysis showed that the particle size of ZrB
2
having homogeneous morphology is about 50 nm. TEM microstructural analysis revealed that ZrB
2
particles were formed uniformly and orderly in very fine dimensions.
Graphical abstract
Highlights
Synthesis of controlled ZrB
2
nanoparticle through pH-assisted sol-gel is presented.
The most important goal is to achieve very high homogeneity with the appropriate chemical composition of the product.
The results showed exceptional role of pH, temperature and ratio of precursors on final product characteristics.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Research showing that people can predict the patterns of their implicit evaluations toward social groups has raised questions concerning how widely these findings extend to other domains, such as ...semantic implicit stereotyping. In a preregistered laboratory study, participants were asked to predict their scores on five implicit gender stereotyping Implicit Associations Tests (IATs). Within-subjects correlations between IAT score predictions and IAT scores showed high levels of accuracy. Although part of the IAT score patterns could be predicted from shared knowledge, own predictions significantly outperformed predictions of random others and normative patterns, suggesting self-awareness beyond reliance on shared knowledge. In line with dual-process models emphasizing that different information is captured by implicit as opposed to explicit measures, predictions explained correlations between implicit and traditional explicit stereotyping measures, and led to acknowledgment of bias. Discussion focuses on understanding conscious awareness of semantic automatic processes and conceptualizations of the cognitions underlying implicit measures.
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Compassion, as an indicator for quality care, is highly valued by patients and healthcare professionals. Compassionate care is considered a moral dimension of nursing practice and an essential ...component of high quality care. This study aimed to answer these questions: (1) What are the facilitators and barriers of providing compassionate nursing care in the clinical setting? (2) Which strategies do nurses use to provide compassionate care? (3) What is the specific model of compassionate care for the nursing context? A grounded theory approach was used in this study. A total of 21 nurses working in diverse clinical settings participated in the study. Purposive and theoretical sampling was used to select the participants. Data were collected by in-depth face to face interviews and analyzed by the constant comparative method. Ethical approval was gained from the Ethical Review Board of Tabriz University of Medical sciences. The analysis resulted in the development of three main themes: (a) contextual factors affecting compassionate care, (b) the compassionate care actions, and (c) the consequences of compassionate care. The main dimensions of compassionate care are demonstrated in a Compassionate Nursing Care Model. Nurses’ ability on providing compassionate care is influenced by individual and organizational factors that may facilitate or inhibit this type of care. Leadership and nurse managers should remove the barriers which diminish the nurses’ ability to provide compassionate care and support them to engage in compassionate care programs. Identifying and recruiting compassionate nurses, developing their compassionate capacity, and providing role models of compassion could improve the flourishing of person-centered and compassionate care in clinical settings. The Compassionate Nursing Care Model (CNCM) provides a model to guide nursing care and research.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Mobile applications are among effective learning tools and have a significant role in transferring information and knowledge to nurses. The current study was carried to identify the factors affecting ...nurses' use of practical health related mobile applications in education and patient interaction based on the combined Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Diffusion of Innovation (DOI).
The study is a descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional method. The research population includes nurses working at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences hospitals, 150 of which were selected as the research sample using simple and available sampling. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed (α = 0.9). Data analysis was carried out using a correlation test and regression analysis by applying SPSS
software.
The findings show that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a direct and significant effect on the rate of using mobile applications by nurses (P value ≤ 0.01), (β = 0.52), (β = 0.40). Other findings indicate that relative advantage, compatibility, trialability and observability, have a direct and significant effect on nurses' use of mobile applications, while complicatedness does not have a significant effect.
The current study identifies the effective factors in nurses' use of health-related mobile applications based on an integrated model of TAM and DOI. Designers of mobile applications should consider these factors in designing and developing programs so that mobile applications can successfully fulfill their purpose in healthcare.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction: This study investigated the relationship between compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among Iranian nurses working in critical care units. Method: A cross-sectional, ...descriptive survey using the Professional Quality of Life instrument was administered to 400 nurses working in the intensive care units of Iranian hospitals. Results: High risk levels of burnout and secondary traumatic stress existed among 42% and 96% of participants, respectively. Significant positive relationships were detected between burnout and secondary traumatic stress. An inverse relationship was detected between measures of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction. Discussion: To ensure culturally congruent care, it is important to evaluate professional quality of life within the context of specific cultures and societies. Iranian critical care nurses are at risk for burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Personal self-care and organizational wellness approaches that consider cultural norms should be designed to boost compassion satisfaction and reduce negative effects of stressful work environments.
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Objective
The study aimed to explore Iranian cancer survivors' experiences of returning to work.
Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 cancer survivors at their workplace and in a ...referral cancer center. Data were analyzed using a conventional content analysis technique.
Results
Three main categories were identified as important in cancer survivors' experiences of returning to work: (1) individual perspectives, (2) nature of disease, and (3) access to support system. Results showed that returning to work contained different meaning for men and women. Also, it was found that cancer survivors had limited information about the disease and return to work that made them doubtful about returning to work.
Conclusion
Cancer survivors have different individual perspectives that affect their decision about returning to work. Their perspectives should be assessed before returning to work, and necessary support should be provided for them in returning to work process. In this regard, health care systems and rehabilitation specialists should inform cancer survivors about the disease and return to work. Also, employers should prepare work places for cancer survivors' entrance.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
ObjectiveThis study explored the consequences of COVID-19 on the occupational safety and health of nurses.DesignQualitative conventional content analysis.Participants14 nurses selected by purposeful ...sampling method.SettingFive educational and non-educational hospitals in the Northwest of Iran.Data collection and analysisSemistructured interviews were used for data collection and analysed using conventional content analysis.ResultsTwo main categories have emerged from the data: reduced quality of professional life and post-traumatic growth. Reduced quality of professional life, which has two subcategories including job dissatisfaction and burnout, has a negative nature, and has had many negative effects on the physical, mental and well-being of nursing personnel during the coronavirus era. On the other hand, post-traumatic growth, with two subcategories that include promoting safe behaviour and gaining a positive self-concept, has a positive nature.ConclusionsMaintaining the occupational health and safety of nurses plays an important role in providing quality services to patients. Therefore, it is necessary for managers and policymakers to use the experiences related to the COVID-19 crisis, to prevent negative factors and strengthen positive factors, to maintain the safety and occupational health of nurses, and increase the quality of care.
Background:
Compassionate care is an international priority of healthcare professionals. There is little understanding about how workplace issues impact provision of compassionate care in nursing ...practice. Therefore, it is important to address the workplace issues and organizational factors which may hinder compassionate care delivery within nursing practice.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to explore workplace and organizational barriers to compassionate care from the nurses’ perspective.
Research design:
The study used a qualitative exploratory design, and data were analyzed by conventional content analysis.
Participants and research context:
A total of 15 nurses working in different fields of nursing were recruited from four hospitals at northwest of Iran. Participants were selected by purposive sampling. Semistructured interviews were conducted for data collection.
Ethical consideration:
Ethical approval of this study was gained from the Ethical Review Board of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.
Findings:
The main theme which emerged from data analysis was “unsupportive organizational culture.” This theme had two main categories including “excessive workload alongside inadequate staffing” and “the lack of value on compassionate care.”
Discussion:
Organizational barriers to development of compassionate in clinical practice were identified in this study. A closer examination of these barriers is required to move compassionate practice from an individual responsibility to a collective responsibility that is owned and shared by organizations.
Conclusion:
For compassionate care to flourish, policy makers, managers, and healthcare providers must foster an organizational atmosphere conducive to compassionate care.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Leaders in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are exposed to increased stress as a result of a range of challenges. Moreover, they rarely have the opportunity to participate in stress ...management trainings. Therefore, KMU-GO (ger: Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen - Gesundheitsoffensive; en: small and medium-sized enterprises - health campaign) aims at conducting and evaluating such a stress management training. The focus of evaluation does not only lie on the effects on leaders participating but also on their employees.
The study is planned as a 2 × 3 mixed design with two groups (intervention and waiting control group) as a between factor and point in time (at baseline, 6 and 12 months later) as a within factor. We aim at collecting data from N = 200 leaders. Based on the results of a preceding assessment, an already successfully implemented stress management training was adapted to SME needs and now serves as the framework of this intervention. The stress management training comprises one and a half days and is followed by two booster sessions (each 180 min) about 3 and 6 months after the training. The main focus of this intervention lies on specifying leaders stress reactivity while at the same time investigating its effects on employees' mental health. Further dependent variables are leaders´ depression and anxiety scores, effort-reward imbalance, sick days and psychophysiological measures of heart rate variability, hair cortisol, and salivary alpha-amylase. Cost-effectiveness analyses will be conducted from a societal and employers' point of view.
Stress management is a highly relevant issue for leaders in SMEs. By providing an adequate occupational stress management training, we expect to improve leaders´ and also employees` mental health, thereby preventing economic losses for SMEs and the national economy. However, collecting data from employees about the success of a stress management training of their leader is a highly sensitive topic. It requires a carefully planned proceeding ensuring for example a high degree of transparency, anonymity, and providing team incentives.
The KMU-GO trial is registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS): DRKS00023457 (05.11.2020).
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Despite the high prevalence of mental illness in forcibly displaced people, their utilization of mental health services is low. Major barriers to seeking mental health services include mental health ...self-stigma. To address this issue, the psychoeducational short film 'Coping with Flight and Trauma' was developed as a brief online intervention.
The present study aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptance of the newly developed 10 min film, and to assess changes in self-stigma and help seeking.
The evaluation of the film was conducted using a mixed-methods design with an online survey including the Self-Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, help seeking, and mental health variables at baseline, postintervention, and 3 month follow-up, in addition to telephone interviews postintervention with a randomly selected volunteer subsample.
A total of 134 participants with a forced displacement history within the past 8 years took part in the study, of whom 66% scored as having probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and/or anxiety. The results revealed emotional, cognitive, and behavioural changes postintervention. Directly after watching the film, participants reported reduced self-stigma and increased openness towards accessing mental health services. At follow-up, precisely 3.8 months later, these changes were no longer significant, yet 11% of participants reported having started psychotherapy since watching the film. Probable PTSD was associated with higher self-stigma at all three time-points. The majority (90%) would recommend watching the film to other forcibly displaced people.
Self-stigma was shown to be a robust and persistent issue, which tends to be underestimated by individuals not affected by mental illness. Low-threshold psychoeducational online interventions may be a promising tool to reduce barriers to accessing mental health services for forcibly displaced people, e.g. by being implemented in stepped-care models.
Mental health self-stigma was shown to be a persistent and underestimated burden in forcibly displaced people.
Psychoeducational online interventions are promising for addressing the burden of self-stigma and reducing barriers to seeking mental health services.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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