Flood defense strategies have evolved from hard-engineered systems to nature-based solutions that advocate for sustainability to meet today’s environmental, social, and economic goals. This paper ...aims to analyze the historical progression and evolutionary trends in flood control strategies that have led to nature-based solutions. An evaluative literature review was conducted to narrate the evolution of nature-based flood management approaches for different flood types, river floods, coastal floods, and stormwater run-offs. The analysis reflected three evolutionary trends: the transformation of hard measures to soft measures; secondly, the increase in society’s attention to ecosystems and their services; and, finally, divergence from single-function solutions to multi-function solutions. However, continuous monitoring and evaluation of the previous projects and adapting to the lessons learned are the key to progress towards sustainable flood management strategies and their societal acceptance.
Contract attributes are strong motivators for eliciting farmers’ preferences for a particular agri-environmental scheme. Our study aims to conduct a systematic literature review to highlight the ...attributes used in choice experiment studies of agri-environmental schemes using the PRISMA framework. We obtained 34 studies for an in-depth review, through which we extracted 32 attributes that were classified into five typologies: ‘monetary’ (7 attributes), ‘general’ (4 attributes), ‘flexibility’ (6 attributes), ‘prescription’ (12 attributes), and ‘purpose’ (3 attributes). Though monetary attributes should theoretically define farmers’ choices; general design and flexibility attributes are more critical for farmers’ participation and willingness to accept. The study also discusses the lesser-used attributes that could be potentially explored in future studies. Thus, our review can be used as a reference by future AES studies to select their bundle of choice attributes and test with a broader range of attributes in their choice experiments.
Despite increasing interest, a lack of comprehensive knowledge regarding the efficient design and implementation of carbon farming schemes remains. These schemes must efficiently achieve higher ...carbon sequestration, incentivize farmers, and increase farmers' participation in global carbon markets. Our study systematically reviews, describes, and maps available evidence related to carbon farming contracts to assess different incentive mechanisms for carbon farming. We conduct a systematic mapping review of articles extracted from various databases employing the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence method. We shortlist 52 articles and analyze about 40 global case studies, identifying three main incentive mechanisms of carbon farming contracts, namely, result-based, action-based, and hybrid payments. We examine how these incentive mechanisms are designed, in addition to associated payment types, monitoring approaches, and barriers to implementation. Result-based payments include stringent monitoring and can be implemented through auctions, carbon credits, product labels or certificates. Action-based payments are found to be simpler, with lower monitoring requirements for farmers and can be paid upfront or after contract implementation. Hybrid payments combine both techniques, offering low-risk and guaranteed payments for farmers and definite environmental mitigation impacts. Result-based and hybrid payments motivate farmers to innovate to meet environmental objectives while also connecting them to carbon markets. The major challenges to developing a successful carbon farming project include lack of permanence, non-additionality, and the absence of stringent monitoring, reporting, and verification standards, all of which affect farmers’ incentives. This study determines that carbon farming contract design and efficiency can be improved by analyzing the lessons learned from previous experiences. By examining and improving the attributes that define different incentive mechanisms, farmers can be better motivated to enroll in carbon farming schemes and benefit from increased access to carbon markets to potentially transform agriculture into a viable tool for climate action.
•Systematic mapping reviewed 52 papers, which encompassed 40 global cases.•Three incentive mechanisms: result-based, action-based, and hybrid payments.•Results-based payments: stringent MRV, high risk but high profitability to farmers.•Action-based payments: simple MRV, low risk but low profitability to farmers.•Hybrid payment: low-risk and high profitability; connect farmers to carbon markets.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Glassy cell carcinoma is a rare clinical entity involving uterine cervix with aggressive course and relatively poor prognosis. It is a poorly differentiated variant of adenosquamous carcinoma. This ...neoplasm has poor response to radiotherapy and carries worse prognosis than the usual types of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. A case of a 40-year-old female patient is reported and the published literature is reviewed.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) arising in a leiomyoma (LM) is a rare event. Still rare is rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in leiomyosacoma. We present such a case of LMS uterus with rhabdomyoblastic ...differentiation arising in an LM in a 60-year-old menopausal woman who presented with lower abdominal pain. An ultrasound scan was suggestive of uterine fibroid. Total abdominal hysterectomy was performed for presumed LM. Grossly, fibroid had variegated appearance along with focal areas having whorling pattern and histopathology showed leiomyosarcomatous change in a benign LM with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. This is a rare complication of LM and precise diagnosis of LMS is essential since it has an aggressive behavior.
Cases of bowel schistosomiasis presenting as carcinoma colon Biswas, Biswajit; Vedant, Deepak; Kaushal, Vijay ...
Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology/Indian journal of pathology and microbiology,
10/2015, Volume:
58, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
A 29-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital in January 2014, with a 1-year-old history of pain in right lumbar region and history of significant weight loss and malaise. There was no ...significant past history. Due to the inconclusive investigations, patient was given presumptive alternating triple therapy, despite treatment for 4 months, the patient had no relief. Hematologic laboratory tests revealed no abnormalities. An abdominal ultrasonography was done which showed omental thickening and omental lymphadenopathy with matted gut loops and thickened hepatic flexure, ascending colon, and possibility of abdominal tuberculosis was suggested.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Assessment of the nursing staff knowledge, attitude and practices about cervical cancer screening in a tertiary care teaching institute of rural India.
A cross sectional, descriptive, interview- ...based survey was conducted with a pretested questionnaire among 262 staff nurses of a tertiary care teaching and research institute.
In this study 77% respondents knew that Pap smear is used for detection of cervical cancer, but less than half knew that Pap smear can detect even precancerous lesions of cervix. Only 23.4% knew human papilloma virus infection as a risk factor. Only 26.7% of the respondents were judged as having adequate knowledge based on scores allotted for questions evaluating knowledge about cervical cancer and screening. Only 17 (7%) of the staff nurses had themselves been screened by Pap smear, while 85% had never taken a Pap smear of a patient. Adequate knowledge of cervical cancer and screening, higher parity and age >30 years were significantly associated with self screening for cervical cancer. Most nurses held a view that Pap test is a doctor procedure, and nearly 90% of nurses had never referred a patient for Pap testing.
The majority of nursing staff in rural India may have inadequate knowledge about cervical cancer screening, and their attitude and practices towards cervical cancer screening could not be termed positive.
Objective. To report the first case of bilateral ovarian endometriomas, leading to nonprogress of labour, successfully excised during cesarean section. Design. Case report. Setting. Department of ...Obstetrics & Gynecology of Dr. RPGMC Tanda, Kangra, India. Patients. A primigravida in labour at term gestation. Interventions. Surgical management. Main Outcome Measures. Description and treatment of a pregnant woman with bilateral ovarian endometriomas during cesarean section. Results. Successful excision of ovarian endometriomas and reconstruction of the ovaries during cesarean section. Conclusion. Management of incidentally detected endometriomas during cesarean section should be individualized, taking into account the symptoms, size, bilaterality, and adhesion with adjacent organs.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Contract attributes are strong motivators for eliciting farmers’ preferences for a particular agri-environmental scheme. Our study aims to conduct a systematic literature review to highlight the ...attributes used in choice experiment studies of agri-environmental schemes using the PRISMA framework. We obtained 34 studies for an in-depth review, through which we extracted 32 attributes that were classified into five typologies: ‘monetary’ (7 attributes), ‘general’ (4 attributes), ‘flexibility’ (6 attributes), ‘prescription’ (12 attributes), and ‘purpose’ (3 attributes). Though monetary attributes should theoretically define farmers’ choices; general design and flexibility attributes are more critical for farmers’ participation and willingness to accept. The study also discusses the lesser-used attributes that could be potentially explored in future studies. Thus, our review can be used as a reference by future AES studies to select their bundle of choice attributes and test with a broader range of attributes in their choice experiments.
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