PROBLEM
Theory and research on leaders is abundant; however, the follower concept is noticeably absent from the leadership literature.
METHOD
This article uses Walker and Avant's concept analysis ...method to explore the concept of follower in professional nursing. A literature search of nursing and psychological databases provided insight into the meaning of a follower. Using the concept exploration approach, defining attributes are proposed along with antecedents and consequences to clarify the concept uses. Model and additional cases provide exemplars of concept application. Finally, the empirical referents of practical use and measurement in the professional environment are presented.
CONCLUSION
Although it is clear that leadership without followers is impossible, the fact remains that clarification of which elements constitute followers are on the periphery of current leadership efforts.
IMPLICATION FOR NURSING
Conceptual clarity is necessary to improve the way nurse leaders identify situations of following and nonfollowing in professional context and guide how they will engage followers to achieve goals.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Background
Pituitary adenomas are common, often asymptomatic tumours that are diagnosed incidentally by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. There is considerable variation in the reporting ...of pituitary MRI, in part because there is no consensus as to what information should be included in such reports. Synoptic reporting consists of using structured checklists to standardize communication. It has been adopted in the surgical pathology literature and more recently in the breast imaging field. The purpose of this study was to assess what parameters of a pituitary MRI report were useful to surgeons and in doing so, to propose a synoptic reporting template.
Methods
We used the Delphi technique to obtain group consensus between three neuroradiologists, three otolaryngologists and three anterior skull base neurosurgeons across three tertiary Melbourne hospitals. Answers from the three speciality groups were then converted into numerical scores for analysis.
Results
There was statistically significant consensus between specialties over which characteristics were deemed most important. These were T1 pre‐ and post‐contrast sequences in the coronal and sagittal planes, the degree of displacement of the optic chiasm, invasion of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus, the size and pneumatization pattern of the sphenoid sinus and the differential diagnosis of aneurysm. There were also significant differences between groups.
Conclusions
There are similarities and differences between what radiologists, otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons deem as important features when reporting pituitary MRI. A synoptic reporting system template is proposed to improve consistency in pituitary imaging reports.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
SELF-SUPERVISED LEARNING FOR CROP CLASSIFICATION USING PLANET FUSION Senaras, C.; Holden, P.; Davis, T. ...
International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences.,
04/2023, Volume:
XLVIII-M-1-2023
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Peer reviewed
Open access
Benefiting from the high cadence and spatial resolution of the new generation of Earth observation satellites, remote sensing technology is allowing us to derive more valuable information for the ...agricultural sector. Crop classification is one of the fundamental information derivatives from Earth observation data researchers used for food security, crop monitoring, and economic assessment. The robustness of a crop classification model to variations in environmental and management conditions due to time and location is one of the crucial requirements. To achieve this, we developed a novel self-supervised method using the advantage of unlabeled samples and transformer architectures. We used six different areas in Germany and four years to evaluate the robustness of the model. Our experiments showed that self-supervised deep learning methods could provide a significant advantage in handling these variations. In some cases, we observed around 30 percentage points improvements in F1-score performance compared to a Random Forest based model.
Objective
To develop a Consumer Involvement Strategy which adheres to best practice recommendations and is feasible to implement in a small musculoskeletal research centre funded solely by external ...grants.
Methods
The Strategy development involved five collaborative and iterative stages: (1) conceptualisation and initial consultation; (2) formation of the Consumer Involvement Strategy Action Group; (3) defining the scope and developing the strategy; (4) consultation and refinement; and (5) presentation and implementation. The final three stages were overseen by a Consumer Involvement Strategy Action Group comprising two post‐doctoral research fellows, a PhD student representative, and two consumers (people with osteoarthritis), all with experience in consumer involvement activities in research.
Results
The final strategy aligns with best practice recommendations and includes five unique levels of consumer involvement that were devised to encompass the wide variety of consumer involvement activities across the research centre. It includes a policy document with five strategic aims, each supported by an implementation plan, and includes a suite of resources for researchers and consumers to support its application.
Conclusion
The Consumer Involvement Strategy and its described development may serve as a template for other research teams facing similar resource constraints, both at a national and international level.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
BACKGROUNDThere are limited data on herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) seroprevalence in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). We examined country- and age-specific HSV-2 seroprevalence among ...select MENA populations residing in Qatar.
METHODSSera were collected from male blood donors attending Hamad Medical Corporation between June 2013 and June 2016. Specimens were screened for anti-HSV-2 IgG antibodies following a 2-test algorithmHerpeSelect 2 ELISA was used to identify HSV-2–positive specimens, and Euroline-WB was used to confirm positive and equivocal specimens for final HSV-2 status. Trends and associations with HSV-2 seropositivity were assessed.
RESULTSOf the 2077 tested sera, 61 were found and confirmed positive. The proportion of those confirmed positive increased steadily with HerpeSelect 2 ELISA index value, ranging from 16.3% for index values of 1.101 to 1.999 to 92.9% for index values of 4 or greater. Nationality-specific seroprevalence was 6.0% (95% confidence interval CI, 4.1%–8.8%) in Qataris, 5.3% (95% CI, 2.5%–11.1%) in Iranians, 4.2% (95% CI, 1.8%–9.5%) in Lebanese, 3.1% (95% CI, 1.2%–7.7%) in Sudanese, 3.0% (95% CI, 1.4%–6.4%) in Palestinians, 2.2% (95% CI, 1.1%–4.3%) in Egyptians, 2.0% (95% CI, 1.0%–5.0%) in Syrians, 1.0% (95% CI, 0.3%–3.6%) in Jordanians, 0.7% (95% CI, 0.1%–3.7%) in Yemenis, and 0.5% (95% CI, 0.1%–2.8%) in Pakistanis. There was evidence for higher seroprevalence in older age groups.
CONCLUSIONSThe seroprevalence of HSV-2 was in the range of few percentage points. There were no major differences in seroprevalence by nationality. These findings add to our understanding of HSV-2 epidemiology in MENA and indicate unmet needs for sexual health and control of sexually transmitted infections.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Although great progress has been made in the diagnostic and treatment options for dyslipidemias, unawareness, underdiagnosis and undertreatment of these disorders remain a significant global health ...concern. Growth in digital applications and newer models of care provide novel tools to improve the management of chronic conditions such as dyslipidemia. In this review, we discuss the evolving landscape of lipid management in the 21st century, current treatment gaps and possible solutions through digital health and new models of care. Our discussion begins with the history and development of value-based care and the national establishment of quality metrics for various chronic conditions. These concepts on the level of healthcare policy not only inform reimbursements but also define the standard of care. Next, we consider the advances in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score calculators as well as evolving imaging modalities. The impact and growth of digital health, ranging from telehealth visits to online platforms and mobile applications, will also be explored. We then evaluate the ways in which machine learning and artificial intelligence-driven algorithms are being utilized to address gaps in lipid management. From an organizational perspective, we trace the redesign of medical practices to incorporate a multidisciplinary team model of care, recognizing that atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk is multifaceted and requires a comprehensive approach. Finally, we anticipate the future of dyslipidemia management, assessing the many ways in which atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease burden can be reduced on a population-wide scale.
We assessed the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) with various characteristics, CD4 count and use of combination antiretroviral therapy ...(cART) among HIV-positive women.
Cross-sectional study of 498 HIV-positive women who underwent HPV PCR-based testing, cytology, and systematic cervical biopsy.
In all, 68.7% of women were HPV-positive, 52.6% had high-risk (hr) HPV, and 40.2% multiple type infections. High-risk human papillomavirus-positivity did not vary significantly by age but it was negatively associated with education level. The most frequent types in 113 CIN2/3 were HPV16 (26.5%), HPV35 (19.5%), and HPV58 (12.4%). CD4 count was negatively associated with prevalence of hrHPV (P<0.001) and CIN2/3 among non-users of cART (P=0.013). Combination antiretroviral therapies users (≥2 year) had lower hrHPV prevalence (prevalence ratio (PR) vs non-users=0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61-0.96) and multiple infections (PR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.53-0.88), but not fewer CIN2/3. The positive predictive value of hrHPV-positivity for CIN2/3 increased from 28.9% at age <35 years to 53.3% in ≥45 years.
The burden of hrHPV and CIN2/3 was high and it was related to immunosuppression level. Combination antiretroviral therapies ( ≥2 year) use had a favourable effect on hrHPV prevalence but cART in our population may have been started too late to prevent CIN2/3.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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► The LC
50 value of Tilapia was found to be 3.609
ppb. ► Acute exposure to endosulfan negatively influenced activity of antioxidant enzymes. ► Acute exposure also negatively ...influenced immunohematological profile and neurotransmitter, acetyl choline esterase, activity.
Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide widely used in agriculture and hence finds its way into natural water bodies, thus affecting aquatic life. The purpose of this study was to determine LC
50 of endosulfan (99%; α:β ratio of 7:3) in Tilapia,
Oreochromis mossambicus and study its effect on anti-oxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione-
S-transferase and catalase), immuno-hematological profile (RBC, WBC, Hb, serum protein, albumin-A, globulin-G, A/G ratio, phygocytic activity as indicated by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, serum cortisol and serum lipid peroxidation) and neurotransmitter acetylcholine esterase enzyme activity. The LC
50 value at 96
h and 95% confidence limit for tilapia (46.78
g) was estimated as 3.6
μg/L. Activities of anti-oxidative enzymes, immuno-hematological profile, blood glucose and neurotransmitter activity was significantly influenced (
P
<
0.01) in dose dependent manner. This was reflected in the behavior of fish that was altered from normal during acute toxicity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Genome sequence and identification of specific genes involved in the targeted secondary metabolite biosynthesis are two essential requirements for the improvement of any medicinal plant.
(Arnott) ...Bhandari (family: Burseraceae), a medicinal plant native to Western India, produces a phytosterol guggulsterone, which is useful for treating atherosclerosis, arthritis, high cholesterol, acne, and obesity. For enhanced guggulsterone yield, key genes involved in its biosynthesis pathway need to be predicted, for which the genome sequence of the species is a pre-requisite. Therefore, we assembled the first-ever hybrid draft genome of
with a genome size of 1.03 Gb and 107,221 contigs using Illumina and PacBio platforms. The N50 and L50 values in this assembled genome were ~74 Kb and 3486 bp, respectively with a guanine-cytosine (GC) content of 35.6% and 98.7%. The Benchmarking Universal Single Copy Ortholog (BUSCO) value indicated good integrity of assembly. Analysis predicted the presence of 31,187 genes and 342.35 Mb repeat elements in the genome. The comparative genome analysis of
with relevant orthogroups predicted a few key genes associated with phytosterol biosynthesis and secondary metabolism pathways. The assembled draft genome and the predicted genes should help the future variety development program with improved guggulsterone contents in
.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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