Slot‐die coating is a premetered, film‐deposition process compatible with a wide range of materials. Of topical interest to precision electronics applications is the deposition of high‐cost ...nanomaterial dispersions over moderately sized (>10 cm2) areas with submicron wet film thickness. In this work, a two‐dimensional (2D) model has been developed to understand the limits of the process and to predict the thinnest possible film achievable. Coined the low‐flow limit, this parametric operating boundary presents the minimum uniform, defect‐free film achievable at a given set of liquid properties and die/substrate geometry. We investigate the low‐flow limit with a model that allows menisci to locate anywhere on the die lands, faces, and substrates with prescribed contact angles, thereby minimizing the assumptions on the bead configuration. The model is validated via comparison of its low‐flow limit predictions to published experimental data. Analysis yields insights into the mechanics of coating bead breakdown at the low‐flow limit.
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Can feeling genuinely sorry enable an important healing experience? Can relieving the weight of guilt restore a general sense of self-worth? Can an individual's dawning awareness give birth to ...feelings of remorse; perhaps even to acts of repentance?
The concepts of betrayal, vengeance and forgiveness have long been a major part of religious doctrine throughout the world. However, only in recent times has the impact of these emotions become of interest to those involved in psychological study. In The Psychology of Feeling Sorry, Peter Randall links contemporary psychological research with religious teachings and doctrine that have provided spiritual guidance for hundreds of years.
Illustrated with explanatory narratives, Randall fuses religious precepts with psychological theory concerning one of the least understood but most common of human emotions; feeling bad about one's 'sins'.
Using an eclectic approach Randall explores how much of what is believed within the domain of faith is now supported by modern psychological research. This book will be of interest not only to those with religious beliefs, but to psychologists, psychotherapists, students, and anyone with an interest in the intersection of psychology, psychotherapy, and theology.
Peter Randall's first book, Adult Bullying, was one of the first books to examine the various situations in which adult bullying occurs, the forms it takes, and how it can be identified and dealt ...with more efficiently, particularly in workplace settings. Since that title was published, there has been more awareness of the extent of adult bullying. In Bullying in Adulthood: Assessing the Bullies and their Victims, other aspects of the problem are examined, such as research and clinical issues, and in particular, assessment of bullies and victims and the background factors to such behaviour. This has become increasingly important as the problem begins to be appreciated and addressed within therapeutic, social and legal arenas. A number of strategies are suggested both for dealing with bullying and victim behaviour and for monitoring situations, for example by employers to see if problems improve. To assist in this process Peter Randall proposes a model of adult bullying which enables clinicians and human resources specialists to determine which factors are influential in individual cases. This book will appeal to practitioners and researchers in clinical/counselling psychology, counsellors, managers/human resources staff and social workers.
We investigated the role of organic acids in conferring Al tolerance in near-isogenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines differing in Al tolerance at the Al tolerance locus (Alt1). Addition of Al to ...nutrient solutions stimulated excretion of malic and succinic acids from roots of wheat seedlings, and Al-tolerant genotypes excreted 5- to 10-fold more malic acid than Al-sensitive genotypes. Malic acid excretion was detectable after 15 min of exposure to 200 micromolar Al, and the amount excreted increased linearly over 24 h. The amount of malic acid excreted was dependent on the external Al concentration, and excretion was stimulated by as little as 10 micromolar Al. Malic acid added to nutrient solutions was able to protect Al-sensitive seedlings from normally phytotoxic Al concentrations. Root apices (terminal 3-5 mm of root) were the primary source of the malic acid excreted. Root apices of Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive seedlings contained similar amounts of malic acid before and after a 2-h exposure to 200 micromolar Al. During this treatment, Al-tolerant seedlings excreted about four times the total amount of malic acid initially present within root apices, indicating that continual synthesis of malic acid was occurring. Malic acid excretion was specifically stimulated by Al, and neither La, Fe, nor the absence of Pi was able to elicit this response. There was a consistent correlation of Al tolerance with high rates of malic acid excretion stimulated by Al in a population of seedlings segregating for Al tolerance. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the Alt1 locus in wheat encodes an Al tolerance mechanism based on Al-stimulated excretion of malic acid
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Large, P. A., Graham, N. G., Hareide, N-R., Misund, R., Rihan, D. J., Mulligan, M. C., Randall, P. J., Peach, D. J., McMullen, P. H., and Harlay, X. 2009. Lost and abandoned nets in deep-water ...gillnet fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic: retrieval exercises and outcomes. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 323–333.The methods used and the results, including estimates of ghost catches present at the time of retrieval, from Irish and UK (England and Wales) gillnet retrieval exercises carried out in deep-water gillnet fisheries west of the British Isles are described. Summaries of the exercises are currently found only in the grey literature, and there is a need to make them more widely available to the scientific community. The fisheries are currently principally for anglerfish (mainly Lophius piscatorius), along with a small bycatch of deep-water sharks mainly leafscale gulper shark (Centrophorous squamosus) and Portuguese dogfish (Centroscymnus coelolepis). The methods used and the results from retrieval exercises in the Norwegian Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossus) gillnet fishery are also presented. It is suggested that the efficiency of the Norwegian retrieval gear (which was used in all but one of the retrieval exercises described) be investigated under a range of conditions using an attached underwater camera. The outcomes from this could be used to improve the design of retrieval gear and future gillnet retrieval survey/mitigation exercises. Suggestions are made to improve the format and interpretation of results from future retrieval surveys and to enhance their value to fishery managers and stock assessment scientists. The importance of the continued need for structured gillnet retrieval exercises in deep-water gillnet fisheries is emphasized, and suggestions are made for conducting future studies.
•Fishers across the Channel provide their views on ALDFG and EOL fishing gear management.•Main ALDFG drivers include poor weather, lack of awareness and training, collection facilities and ...discarding.•Frequency of ALDFG encounter is significantly different between the two countries.•We suggest the development of a standardized data collection guidelines for gear monitoring.•We recommend awareness raising initiatives on ALDFG impact and EOL gear management.
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Despite increasing attention globally, there has been only limited data collected on the extent of abandoned, lost and otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) globally. This pilot study was ...conducted using a fisherfolk survey to quantify the scale of the problem and identify contributory factors in Sri Lanka. Funded through the Ocean Country Partnership Programme (OCPP), and delivered under the Blue Planet Fund, the survey took place in February and March 2022, and involved sampling 325 vessels categorised by vessel type and gear. Based on this survey, 22,593 kg plastic fishing gear was estimated to have been ‘lost’ to the marine environment over the previous year. This averages 116 kg per vessel from those vessels that admitted ALDFG events and provides an indication of the scale of ALDFG from the Sri Lankan fishing industry. The survey identified ALDFG drivers, including oceanic and meteorological conditions; a lack of education and awareness amongst fishers; and poor waste management facilities both onboard and onshore. The significance of the drivers varied spatially. Gear conflict was universal though the interaction between Sri Lankan fishers and Indian bottom trawlers in the north was highlighted as was the interaction between fishers and the international shipping lane in the south and west. Changes in national and international policy, as well as more direct national engagement with the issue are recommended, including training, capacity building and the development of better waste infrastructure. Further evidence is required to explore gear conflict and the interaction between ALDFG and international shipping.
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The inextensible cylindrical shell theory and lubrication theory combine into a model for the elastohydrodynamics of a rolling-imprint modality of nanoimprint lithography (NIL). Foil-bearing theory ...describes the formation of the lubrication gap due to relative motion between a tensioned substrate and a rigid, cylindrical surface. Reproduction of the results of foil-bearing theory for both stiff and perfectly flexible substrates validates this coupled model and reveals a highly predictable region of uniformity that provides low shear stress conditions ideal for UV-cure. These results show theoretical limitations that are used to construct an operating window for predicting rolling-mode NIL process feasibility.
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Of the 261 nonsyndromic patients we studied, over 90% had minimal or absent hypernasality, almost 86% had inconsistent or no nasal emission, and 95% had no articulation errors related to velar ...function. The patients with a Pittsburgh score indicating an incompetent velopharyngeal mechanism comprised only about 6% of the group. Ninety-four percent had a socially functional speech quality. Secondary surgery was done in 6.5% of patients and was done or was recommended in about 8% of patients. Patients with isolated cleft palate seemed to do less well, although their outcomes were not statistically different from those with complete unilateral and bilateral clefts. Relaxing incisions have kept our fistula rate to an acceptably low rate of 6.8%. No major soft palate dehiscences or hard palate flap losses have occurred. The speech outcomes we are achieving are improved over our historical results and compared with published reports using nondouble reversing z-palatoplasty techniques. Similar outcomes with the Furlow repair have been confirmed. Maxillary growth, occlusion, and the need for orthognathic surgery do not seem to be influenced by the CHOP modification of the Furlow double-opposing z-palatoplasty. These modifications facilitate a tension free-closure and a low fistula rate.
Although the optimal technique of cleft-palate repair remains controversial, several small series have suggested that superior speech results may be obtained with the Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty. ...To examine speech outcome in a large series of Furlow palatoplasties performed at a single center, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 390 cleft-palate patients who underwent Furlow palatoplasty at The Childrenʼs Hospital of Philadelphia from 1979 to 1992. Speech outcome at 5 years of age or greater was available for 181 nonsyndromic patients and was scored using the Pittsburgh Weighted Values for Speech Symptoms Associated with Velopharyngeal Incompetence. No or mild hypernasality was noted in 93.4 percent of patients, with 88.4 percent demonstrating no or inaudible nasal escape and 97.2 percent demonstrating no errors in articulation associated with velopharyngeal incompetence. Secondary pharyngeal flap surgery was required in just 7.2 percent of patients. Age at palatoplasty, cleft type, and experience of the operating surgeon had no significant effect on speech results, although there was a trend toward better outcome in those undergoing palatal repair before 6 months of age and toward poorer outcome in those with Veau class I and II clefts. Overall, Furlow palatoplasty yielded outstanding speech results, with rates of velopharyngeal dysfunction that seem to improve upon those reported for other techniques. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1041998, 1999.)
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