Reflex cardiorespiratory alterations elicited after instillation of nociceptive agents intra-arterially (i.a) are termed as 'vasosensory reflex responses'. The present study was designed to evaluate ...such responses produced after i.a. instillation of histamine (1 mM; 10 mM; 100 mM) and to delineate the pathways i.e. the afferents and efferents mediating these responses. Blood pressure, electrocardiogram and respiratory excursions were recorded before and after injecting saline/histamine, in a local segment of femoral artery in urethane anesthetized rats. Paw edema and latencies of responses were also estimated. Separate groups of experiments were conducted to demonstrate the involvement of somatic nerves in mediating histamine-induced responses after ipsilateral femoral and sciatic nerve sectioning (+NX) and lignocaine pre-treatment (+Ligno). In addition, another set of experiments was performed after bilateral vagotomy (+VagX) and the responses after histamine instillation were studied. Histamine produced concentration-dependent hypotensive, bradycardiac, tachypnoeic and hyperventilatory responses of shorter latencies (2-7 s) favouring the neural mechanisms in eliciting the responses. Instillation of saline (time matched control) in a similar fashion produced no response, excluding the possibilities of ischemic/stretch effects. Paw edema was absent in both hind limbs indicating that the histamine did not reach the paws and did not spill out into the systemic circulation. +NX, +VagX, +Ligno attenuated histamine-induced cardiorespiratory responses significantly. These observations conclude that instillation of 10 mM of histamine produces optimal vasosensory reflex responses originating from the local vascular bed; afferents and efferents of which are mostly located in ipsilateral somatic and vagus nerves respectively.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
An experiment was conducted to estimate the true ileal digestibility of P in wheat, sorghum, soybean meal, and corn distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in broiler chickens. Four ...semipurified diets were formulated from each ingredient (wheat and sorghum: 236.5, 473, 709.5, and 946 g/kg; soybean meal and corn DDGS: 135, 270, 405, and 540 g/kg) to contain graded concentrations of nonphytate P. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with 4 weight blocks of 16 cages each (5 birds per cage). A total of 320 21-d-old broilers (Ross 308) were assigned to the 16 test diets with 4 replicates per diet. Apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of P were determined by the indicator method and the linear regression method was used to determine the true P digestibility coefficients. The results showed that the apparent ileal P digestibility coefficients of wheat-based diets were not influenced (P>0.05) by increasing dietary P concentrations, whereas those of diets based on sorghum, soybean meal, and corn DDGS differed (P<0.05) at different P concentrations. Apparent ileal P digestibility in broilers fed diets with soybean meal and corn DDGS linearly (P<0.001) increased with increasing P concentrations. True ileal P digestibility coefficients of wheat, sorghum, soybean meal, and corn DDGS were determined to be 0.464, 0.331, 0.798, and 0.727, respectively. Ileal endogenous P losses in birds fed diets with wheat, soybean meal, and corn DDGS were estimated to be 0.080, 0.609, and 0.418 g/kg DMI, respectively. In birds fed sorghum-based diets, endogenous P losses were estimated to be negative (-0.087 g/kg DMI). True digestible P contents of wheat, sorghum, soybean meal, and corn DDGS were determined to be 1.49, 0.78, 5.16, and 5.94 g/kg, respectively. The corresponding nonphytate P contents in wheat, sorghum, soybean meal, and corn DDGS were 1.11, 0.55, 2.15, and 4.36 g/kg, respectively. These differences between digestible P and nonphytate P contents may be suggestive, at least in part, of overestimation of P digestibility under the calcium-deficient conditions used in the regression method.
In the quest for advanced memristor technologies, this study introduces the synthesis of delta‐formamidinium lead iodide (δ‐FAPbI3) nanoparticles (NPs) and their self‐assembly into nanorods (NRs). ...The formation of these NRs is facilitated by iodide vacancies, promoting the fusion of individual NPs at higher concentrations. Notably, these NRs exhibit robust stability under ambient conditions, a distinctive advantage attributed to the presence of capping ligands and a crystal lattice structured around face‐sharing octahedra. When employed as the active layer in resistive random‐access memory devices, these NRs demonstrate exceptional bipolar switching properties. A remarkable on/off ratio (105) is achieved, surpassing the performances of previously reported low‐dimensional perovskite derivatives and α‐FAPbI3 NP‐based devices. This enhanced performance is attributed to the low off‐state current owing to the reduced number of halide vacancies, intrinsic low dimensionality, and the parallel alignment of NRs on the FTO substrate. This study not only provides significant insights into the development of superior materials for memristor applications but also opens new avenues for exploring low‐dimensional perovskite derivatives in advanced electronic devices.
Novel, environmentally stable hexagonal δ‐FAPbI3 nanoparticles are prepared using a single‐step hot‐injection method. At higher concentrations, the nanoparticles self‐assembled to form their corresponding nanorods. Resistive random‐access memory devices fabricated using these nanorods show an excellent on/off ratio due to reduced halide vacancies, low dimensionality, and parallel orientation toward the electrodes.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We present here the first result on the three-loop gluon jet function in perturbative QCD. Using the three-loop coefficient functions J. A. M. Vermaseren, A. Vogt, and S. Moch, Nucl. Phys. B724, 3 ...(2005)., G. Soar, S. Moch, J. A. M. Vermaseren, and A. Vogt, Nucl. Phys. B832, 152 (2010). for deep-inelastic scattering via the exchange of a virtual photon that couples to quarks or a scalar that couples to gluons and employing the KG equation, renormalization group invariance and factorization theorem, we obtain both the quark and the gluon jet functions up to the three-loop level. The former agrees with the recent result R. Brüser, Z. L. Liu, and M. Stahlhofen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 072003 (2018).. These jet functions being universal ingredients in the SCET framework, will play an important role in the phenomenological studies at the Large Hadron Collider, such as resummation of jet observables and also in N-jettiness subtraction method.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
•In recent years, food irradiation has emerged as a viable food processing technique.•Article provides an insight of the wholesomeness and safety aspects of irradiated foods.•Irradiated food has ...superior shelf-life over thermal processing.•Irradiated food does not require artificial preservatives.•No concrete proof to support that radiolytic products can cause cancer or other diseases.
Food processing techniques are inevitable technological measures that aim to increase and sustain the quality of agricultural products. This is traditionally achieved by the application of heat or exposure to chemicals. Since the advent of X-rays, food scientists have been evaluating the prospect of employing ionising radiations for pest removal, sprouting inhibition and shelf-life extension of food products. Gamma radiation, electron beam and X-rays have emerged as the favoured methods of food irradiation in recent years. Several decades of research have endeavoured to determine the advantage and disadvantage of subjecting food materials to radiation. This has resulted in several international bodies, such as WHO and FAO, certifying that food irradiation is a safe processing method. This review article provides an insight of the various effects of irradiation on food with respect to nutritional quality, shelf-life extension, toxicological aspects, legislation pertaining to food irradiation and global acceptability.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We present the first calculations of two-point two-loop form factors (FFs) with a two identical operators insertion in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. In this article, we consider the ...supersymmetry protected half-BPS primary and unprotected Konishi operators. Unlike the FFs of a single operator insertion of the half-BPS primary, the FFs involving two half-BPS operators are found to contain lower transcendentality weight terms in addition to the highest ones. Moreover, in contrast to Sudakov FFs, the highest weight terms of the FFs of a double half-BPS no longer match with that of a double Konishi. We also find that the principle of maximal transcendentality, which dictates the presence of identical highest weight terms in the scalar FFs of half-BPS and quark/gluon FFs in QCD, does not hold true anymore for insertions of two identical operators. We discover the absence of any additional ultraviolet counterterm that could arise from the contact interaction between two composite operators.
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A system is proposed by which liquid metal piston columns, obtained by pumping the metal before a nozzle, are driven by high velocity vapours from the nozzle. End effects are avoided. The EMF is ...tapped off from the moving liquid column by electrodes through a transformer.
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A
bstract
We present virtual contributions up to two loop level in perturbative Quantum Chromodynamic (QCD) to the decay of pseudo-scalar Higgs boson (
A
) to three gluons (
g
) and also to quark (
q
...), anti-quark (
q
¯
) and a gluon. With appropriate crossing, they are well suited for predicting the differential distribution of
A
in association with a jet in hadron colliders up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in strong coupling constant and also for the subsequent decay of
A
to hadrons. We use effective field theory approach to integrate out the top quarks in the heavy top limit. The resulting theory involves two pseudo-scalar composite operators describing the interaction of
A
with gluons as well as with quark and anti-quark. We perform our computation in dimensional regularisation and use minimal subtraction (
M
S
¯
) scheme to renormalise strong coupling constant as well as the composite operators. The ultraviolet (UV) finite amplitudes contain infrared (IR) divergences that are found to be in agreement with the predictions by Catani. For both the amplitudes namely
A
→
ggg
and
A
→
q
q
¯
g
, the leading transcendental terms at one and two loops are found to be identical to those in a three point form factor (FF) of the half-BPS operator in
N
=
4
Supersymmetric Yang Mills (SYM) theory when the QCD color factors are adjusted in a specific way. We present our results in terms of harmonic polylogs well suited for further numerical study.
•Presents an accurate 3-D solution for orthotropic FGM plates with in-plane grading.•This is a more severe test case than a homogeneous plate for judging 2-D theories.•3-D analysis shown to be ...necessary for correctly estimating the benefit of grading.•Significant stiffness benefits result from suitable fiber orientation and grading.
A three-dimensional elasticity solution is presented for unidirectionally reinforced composite plates with in-plane uniaxial grading using a series approach. Convergent results useful for future benchmarking studies are tabulated for two configurations. Displacement and stress variations are critically examined. Studies of thick and thin plates show that the benefit of grading depends significantly on the fiber orientation as well as the thickness ratio, and that this benefit cannot be correctly gauged using classical plate theory. Further, comparison of different configurations with the same total fiber content shows that a significant increase in stiffness may be achieved by a proper choice of fiber orientation and the degree of grading.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
► Al based Gr and SiC reinforced composite materials were manufactured by P/M route. ► All compositeswere tested atwearby a pin-on-disk system. ► Morphology of worn out surfaces and wear debris were ...examined by a SEM and XRD. ► Composite with 5wt.%Gr and 20wt.%SiC showed the good improvement in tribological performance. ► Addition of both SiC and Gr reinforcement reduce the wear loss of Al composites.
In this experimental study, aluminium (Al)-based graphite (Gr) and silicon carbide (SiC) particle-reinforced, self-lubricating hybrid composite materials were manufactured by powder metallurgy. The tribological and mechanical properties of these composite materials were investigated under dry sliding conditions. The results of the tests revealed that the SiC-reinforced hybrid composites exhibited a lower wear loss compared to the unreinforced alloy and Al–Gr composites. It was found that with an increase in the SiC content, the wear resistance increased monotonically with hardness. The hybridisation of the two reinforcements also improved the wear resistance of the composites, especially under high sliding speeds. Additionally, the wear loss of the hybrid composites decreased with increasing applied load and sliding distance, and a low friction coefficient and low wear loss were achieved at high sliding speeds. The composite with 5wt.% Gr and 20wt.% SiC showed the greatest improvement in tribological performance. The wear mechanism was studied through worn surface and wear debris analysis as well as microscopic examination of the wear tracks. This study revealed that the addition of both a hard reinforcement (e.g., SiC) and soft reinforcement (e.g., graphite) significantly improves the wear resistance of aluminium composites. On the whole, these results indicate that the hybrid aluminium composites can be considered as an outstanding material where high strength and wear-resistant components are of major importance, predominantly in the aerospace and automotive engineering sectors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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