Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) represent a new generation of drugs that have been increasingly used in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic states. According to the mechanism of ...anticoagulant action, DOACs are divided into two groups: direct inhibitors of thrombin (dabigatran) and direct inhibitors of activated factor X (FXa) (rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, betrixaban). Compared to the vitamin K antagonists, DOACs are superior in terms of onset of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties and fixed daily dose without the need for routine coagulation monitoring. Despite these advantages, there are clinical conditions in which laboratory measurement of DOACs should be performed. Although DOACs have an impact on screening haemostasis assays (prothrombin time, PT; activated partial thromboplastin time, aPTT; and thrombin time, TT), these tests are not appropriate for quantifying drug levels. Therefore, specific quantitative methods (LC-MS/MS as a gold standard method for all DOACs, coagulometric and chromogenic assays for dabigatran, and chromogenic anti-Xa assays with drug-specific calibrators for inhibitors of FXa) should only be used for determination of DOACs concentration. The aim of this review is to present all aspects of laboratory assessment of DOACs, including pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical factors in the overall testing process with a special accent on the available specific quantitative methods for measurement of DOACs in circulation.
Zračno poliranje postupak je kojim se pod visokim tlakom stvara mlaz vode, zraka i čestica praška koje abrazijom i erozijom čiste i poliraju površinu u koju udaraju, a svoju široku primjenu pronašlo ...je i u dentalnoj medicini. Zračno poliranje provodi se uređajima koji mogu biti samostalne jedinice ili ručni nastavci koji se priključuju na spojku turbine stomatološke jedinice. U postupku zračnog poliranja može se koristiti velik broj prašaka različitih po sastavu i karakteristikama. Razlikujemo ih po obliku, veličini i gustoći čestica, abrazivnosti, tvrdoći, okusu, topljivosti u vodi te alergenom potencijalu. Upravo je odabir praška za poliranje odlučujuće za kliničko provođenje postupka zračnog poliranja. Prašci koji se najčešće koriste u svrhe zračnog poliranja u dentalnoj medicini na bazi su natrijeva bikarbonata, glicina, eritritola, aluminijev trioksida, bioaktivnog stakla ili kalcijeva karbonata. Prašci slabije abrazivnosti, glicin i eritritol, mogu se uz „klasično“ supragingivno zračno poliranje koristiti i za subgingivnu primjenu.
Prema dosadašnjim istraživanjima neracionalna primjena antimikrobne terapije značajan je problem u bolničkim i vanbolničkim ustanovama. Studije su pokazale da se približno 50 % antimikrobnih lijekova ...koristi nepotrebno i suboptimalno s obzirom na indikaciju, vrstu antimikrobnog lijeka, te duljinu primjene. Dosadašnja istraživanja su pokazala uzlazni trend prevalencije Clostridium diffi cile pseudomembranoznog kolitisa, bakterijskih patogena rezistentnih na fl uorokinolone i vankomicin rezistentnih enterokoka. Porast multirezistencije gram negativnih bakterija i na karbapeneme opasnost je za sigurnost bolesnika te ostavlja ograničene terapijske mogućnosti zadnje linije obrane poput primjene toksičnog polimiksinskog ntibiotika kolistina. U skladu s time mogućnosti optimalnog infektivnog liječenja već sada postaju ograničavajuće. Prema dosadašnjim radovima uvođenje bolničkog programa praćenja i rukovođenja antimikrobnom terapijom pokazalo se dobrim sredstvom optimalizacije antimikrobne terapije u 81 % studija. Primjena ovoga programa dovela je do značajnog poboljšanja mikrobiološkog ishoda, smanjenja stope antimikrobne rezistencije i nuspojava te kliničkog ishoda poput smanjenja stope mortaliteta i duljine boravka u bolnici. Stoga su Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA (CDC) i European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) suglasne da bi zdravstvene ustanove trebale implementirati multidisciplinarni Bolnički program praćenja i rukovođenja antimikrobnom terapijom (engl. Antimicrobic Stewardship
Programs - ASP) u svakodnevnu kliničku praksu. Primjena navedenog programa započeta je 1. 12. 2016. g. u Klinici za kardiovaskularne bolesti Magdalena u sklopu Internacionalne kanadske akreditacije (Accreditation Canada International).
After many years of neglecting the religious dimension within intercultural education, today there is a broad consensus in Europe that religious education represents an important dimension in the ...intercultural education of young people. Awareness of the connection between intercultural and interreligious learning is becoming increasingly stronger and more present. One of the important questions related to intercultural education in general, and especially to the religious dimension of that education, relates to the qualification of the confessional religious education teachers with regard to the achievement of intercultural goals and especially the qualification to develop intercultural competence in students. This paper consists of two parts. The theoretical part elaborates on issues related to the development of intercultural competence in confessional religious education. The second part presents some of the results of the quantitative research (descriptive statistics methods were used), which was carried out in the Republic of Croatia and aimed to examine the attitudes and opinions of religious education teachers regarding the necessary intercultural competence for work in schools. The results have revealed that religious education teachers highly value the development of intercultural competence in students, as well as great motivation and openness of religious education teachers of confessional classes for the development of intercultural education. At the same time, they point to the relative scarcity of methods within religious teaching that promote intercultural and interreligious learning.
The number of children with disabilities and persons with disabilities is continuously increasing, which is evident from the data of the Croatian Institute of Public Health. The report on persons ...with disabilities in the Republic of Croatia, May 2019, lists 45,314 children with disabilities. The pediatrician, as a doctor who deals with the health care of children from birth to the end of adolescence and cares about improving the child’s health and eliminating risk factors that threaten his normal growth and development, certainly has children with disabilities and developmental difficulties among his patients. An important part of any systematic examination of a child should be an assessment of psychomotor development and monitoring developmental milestones. When it comes to children with disabilities it can also include information obtained from co-specialists. The competencies of pediatricians include the promptly detection of developmental dilays, knowledge of various developmental disabilities, and also perspective of related co-experts within different systems.In providing support to children with disabilities, educational rehabilitators are important part of the interdisciplinary diagnostic team, the team of early intervention experts and professional teams in kindergartens and schools. They are a profession whose diagnostic, educational and rehabilitation procedures and programs apply to children with disabilities and persons with disabilities, the population with visual impairment, learning difficulties, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, motor disorders, chronic diseases and multiple disabilities. The actions of both, the pediatrician and the educational rehabilitator, are aimed at the well-being of the child with risk factors, developmental delays or identified developmental difficulties. Mutual cooperation should include the exchange of key information and trust in the assessment, competencies and recommendations.It is particularly important in case of children with autism spectrum disorder, which is primarily characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction and limited, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. During the periodic systematic examination in the pediatric clinic, the mere presence of the parents and the learned strategies can mask the characteristic difficulties. In some children, symptoms are present at an early stage of development, but often become more apparent when social demands exceed the child’s current abilities. They are more pronounced during the child’s time in kindergarten or school, which is then noticed by other professional associates – educational rehabilitator.If the parent is not concerned about the child’s development, finds it difficult to accept the possibility of the difficulty or denies it, sometimes is missing the transfer of key informations in sequence „educational rehabilitator – parent – pediatrician’, which unfortunately slows down the process of diagnosis and intervention. As an example of good practice and cooperation between a pediatrician and an educational rehabilitator for the purpose of objective informing, we provide and recommend a written opinion about the developmental status of the child.
U prvome dijelu ovoga teksta razmatra se pitanje interkulturalnog obrazovanja usmjerenoga stjecanju znanja, stavova i vještina potrebnih za miran suživot. Promišljanje o interkulturalnome obrazovanju ...na poseban način zahtijeva ispravno razumijevanje identiteta i razlika u odgojnome i interkulturalnome području. Bitna sastavnica interkulturalnog obrazovanja je religijska dimenzija. U drugom se stoga dijelu promišlja o ulozi religijske dimenzije interkulturalnog obrazovanja na temelju relevantnih i recentnih europskih dokumenata te na temelju europskih istraživanja u području religijskog obrazovanja. U trećemu se dijelu kritički predstavljaju glavni modeli, odnosno dominantni načini promicanja religijskoga obrazovanja u Europi. Fokus je posebno usmjeren na religijsko obrazovanje u Republici Hrvatskoj, a koje se ostvaruje putem različitih inačica konfesionalnoga vjeronauka, ali i putem drugih predmeta, međupredmetnih tema i izvannastavnih aktivnosti. U posljednjem, četvrtom, dijelu predstavljaju se rezultati kritičke analize interkulturalne i međureligijske dimenzije konfesionalnoga vjeronauka u Kurikulumu Katoličkoga vjeronauka za osnovne škole i gimnazije u Republici Hrvatskoj.
Modern society, marked by religious and cultural diversity, presents new tasks and challenges to the educational system. One of them is intercultural education and its religious dimension, the latter becoming the topic of more methodical and intensive discussions with the beginning of the new millennium. The first part of this text discusses the issue of intercultural education. Awareness of the existence of diversity is not enough to promote a better coexistence. As many European documents point out, when it comes to the framework of intercultural education, it is necessary to contribute to greater knowledge, as well as to the development of correct attitudes and concrete skills necessary for a peaceful coexistence. Contemplations on the multiculturalism and intercultural education in a special way require a proper understanding of identities and differences in the educational and intercultural domain. One of the essential components of intercultural education is its religious dimension. After years of insufficient awareness, the last two decades have witnessed a rise in the awareness of the importance of promoting religious dimensions. More specifically, the importance of religious education that aims to “teach how to coexist” has increased on the level of relevant European documents. The second part, therefore, reflects on the roles of the religious dimension of intercultural education by taking into consideration the relevant and recent European documents, as well as European research in the field of religious education. The third part of the text critically presents the main models or dominant ways of promoting religious education. In considering the religious dimension of intercultural education, the importance of knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary for the acquisition of intercultural, i.e., religious competence, is elaborated. In this part of the article, the consideration is particularly focused on religious education in the Republic of Croatia, which is realized through different versions of confessional religious education, but also through other subjects, interdisciplinary topics, and extracurricular activities. In the last, fourth part, the result of a critical analysis of the intercultural and interreligious dimension of confessional religious education in the Curriculum of Catholic Religious Education for primary schools and grammar schools in the Republic of Croatia are presented.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The general fault in our fault lines Ruggeri, Kai; Većkalov, Bojana; Bojanić, Lana ...
Nature human behaviour,
10/2021, Volume:
5, Issue:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Pervading global narratives suggest that political polarization is increasing, yet the accuracy of such group meta-perceptions has been drawn into question. A recent US study suggests that these ...beliefs are inaccurate and drive polarized beliefs about out-groups. However, it also found that informing people of inaccuracies reduces those negative beliefs. In this work, we explore whether these results generalize to other countries. To achieve this, we replicate two of the original experiments with 10,207 participants across 26 countries. We focus on local group divisions, which we refer to as fault lines. We find broad generalizability for both inaccurate meta-perceptions and reduced negative motive attribution through a simple disclosure intervention. We conclude that inaccurate and negative group meta-perceptions are exhibited in myriad contexts and that informing individuals of their misperceptions can yield positive benefits for intergroup relations. Such generalizability highlights a robust phenomenon with implications for political discourse worldwide.
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