Mechanical properties are very important when choosing a material for a specific application. They help to determine the range of usefulness of a material, establish the service life, and classify ...and identify materials. The size effect on mechanical properties has been well established numerically and experimentally. However, the role of the size effect combined with boundary and loading conditions on mechanical properties remains unknown. In this paper, by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the state-of-the-art ReaxFF force field, we study mechanical properties of amorphous silica (e.g., Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio) as a function of domain size, full-/semi-periodic boundary condition, and tensile/compressive loading. We found that the domain-size effect on Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio is much more significant in semi-periodic domains compared to full-periodic domains. The results, for the first time, revealed the
and anisotropic nature of amorphous silica at the atomic level. We also defined a "safe zone" regarding the domain size, where the bulk properties of amorphous silica can be reproducible, while the computational cost and accuracy are in balance.
This study is motivated by a simple question that has a complex set of answers: Do social movements impact social justice? To answer this question, I draw on social movement theory to build a model ...with US Congressional bills from the 109th Congress as my dependent variable, and (a) social movement industry (SMI) strength, (b) interest group strength, (c) public opinion, (d) political elite support and (e) media coverage as my independent variables. I also draw on contemporary critical theory, utilizing Nancy Fraser’s distinction between recognition and redistribution, to split my data into two distinct datasets: one built around redistribution-based bills and one built around recognition-based bills. I analyze these data using rare events logistic regression (relogit) to see if SMI strength is correlated with bill passage. The results suggest that SMIs do influence the passage of recognition-based bills but do not affect redistribution-based bills. This finding has profound implications that span from practical politics and political theory to social theory and moral philosophy.
We study the effects of positive and negative advertising in presidential elections. We develop a model to disentangle these effects on voter turnout and candidate choice. The central empirical ...challenges are highly correlated and endogenous advertising quantities that are measured with error. To address these challenges, we construct a large set of potential instruments, including interactions with incumbency that we demonstrate provide the critical identifying variation, and apply machine-learning causal inference methods. Using data from the 2000 and 2004 U.S. presidential elections, we find that positive and negative ads play fundamentally different roles. Negative ads are more effective at driving relative candidate shares, whereas positive ads stimulate turnout. These results indicate that a candidate geographically targeting tone trades off local relative share gains and local increases in turnout for localities with a strong base. Counterfactual simulations, where the candidates adjust the quantity of positive and negative advertising while budgets remain fixed, indicate that ad tone alone can impact the outcome of close elections. Our analysis also provides potential explanations as to why past studies have produced mixed findings on both ad-tone and turnout effects.
This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
Supplemental Material:
The data and online appendix are available at
https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4347
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While the association between colorectal cancer (CRC) features and Fusobacterium has been extensively studied, less is known of other intratumoral bacteria. Here, we leverage whole transcriptomes ...from 807 CRC samples to dually characterize tumor gene expression and 74 intratumoral bacteria. Seventeen of these species, including 4 Fusobacterium spp., are classified as orally derived and are enriched among right-sided, microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), and BRAF-mutant tumors. Across consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs), integration of Fusobacterium animalis (Fa) presence and tumor expression reveals that Fa has the most significant associations in mesenchymal CMS4 tumors despite a lower prevalence than in immune CMS1. Within CMS4, the prevalence of Fa is uniquely associated with collagen- and immune-related pathways. Additional Fa pangenome analysis reveals that stress response genes and the adhesion FadA are commonly expressed intratumorally. Overall, this study identifies oral-derived bacteria as enriched in inflamed tumors, and the associations of bacteria and tumor expression are context and species specific.
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•Oral bacteria are enriched among right-sided, MSI-H, and BRAF-mutant tumors•Mesenchymal tumors with Fusobacterium animalis have greater collagen and immune genes•Intratumorally, F. animalis expresses stress response genes and the adhesion FadA
Younginger et al. dually characterize tumor gene expression and 74 bacteria across 807 CRC tumors. They show that oral bacteria are enriched in right-sided, microsatellite-unstable, and BRAF-mutant tumors and that Fusobacterium animalis is associated with increased expression of collagen- and immune-related genes in mesenchymal tumors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Organisations seeking to establish themselves as leading cancer information sources for the public need to understand patterns and motivators for information seeking. This study describes cancer ...information seeking among New Zealanders through a national cross-sectional survey conducted in 2014/15 with a population-based sample of adults (18 years and over). Participants were asked if they had sought information about cancer during the past 12 months, the type of information they sought, what prompted them to look for information and ways of getting information they found helpful. Telephone interviews were completed by 1064 participants (588 females, 476 males, 64% response rate). Of these, 33.8% of females and 23.3% of males (total, 29.2%) had searched for information about cancer over the past year. A search was most frequently prompted by a cancer diagnosis of a family member or friend (43.3%), a desire to educate themselves (17.5%), experience of potential symptoms or a positive screening test (9.4%), family history of cancer (8.9%) or the respondent’s own cancer diagnosis (7.7%). Across the cancer control spectrum, the information sought was most commonly about treatment and survival (20.2%), symptoms/early detection (17.2%) or risk factors (14.2%), although many were general or non-specific queries (50.0%). The internet was most commonly identified as a helpful source of information (71.7%), followed by health professionals (35.8%), and reading material (e.g. books, pamphlets) (14.7%).
This study provides a snapshot of cancer information seeking in New Zealand, providing valuable knowledge to help shape resource delivery to better meet the diverse needs of information seekers and address potential unmet needs, where information seeking is less prevalent.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Plasmodium falciparum isolates from 24 Papua New Guinean patients with symptomatic malaria were tested for susceptibility to pyrimethamine and cycloguanil. Thirteen isolates were sensitive to both ...agents and the remainder exhibited varying degrees of resistance. No isolates were found to be resistant to one agent yet sensitive to the other and a positive correlation suggesting cross-resistance was found. Parasite DNA extracted from the patients' stained blood slides was amplified and sequenced to examine point mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and dihydropteroate synthetase genes (DHPS) associated with antifolate resistance. All resistant isolates possessed mutations in the DHFR gene at codon 108, the majority changing from Ser to Asn, but one isolate from Ser to Thr, a change not previously reported in field isolates. A second mutation of the DHFR gene at Cys-59 to Arg was present in isolates with higher level resistance, but not exclusively so. Sequencing the DHPS gene, as a predictor of sulfadoxine resistance, revealed only one example that was different from DHPS alleles of sensitive isolates.
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