Phylogeny of Lamiidae Refulio-Rodriguez, Nancy F; Olmstead, Richard G
American journal of botany,
February 2014, Volume:
101, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
• Premise of the study: The Lamiidae, a clade composed of approximately 15% of all flowering plants, consists of five orders: Boraginales, Gentianales, Garryales, Lamiales, and Solanales; and four ...families unplaced in an order: Icacinaceae, Metteniusiaceae, Oncothecaceae, and Vahliaceae. Our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of Lamiidae has improved significantly in recent years, however, relationships among the orders and unplaced families of the clade remain partly unresolved. Here, we present a phylogenetic analysis of the Lamiidae based on an expanded sampling, including all families together, for the first time, in a single phylogenetic analyses.• Methods: Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches. Analyses included nine plastid regions (atpB, matK, ndhF, psbBTNH, rbcL, rps4, rps16, trnL-F, and trnV-atpE) and the mitochondrial rps3 region, and 129 samples representing all orders and unplaced families of Lamiidae.• Key results: Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian trees provide good support for Boraginales sister to Lamiales, with successive outgroups (Solanales + Vahlia) and Gentianales, together comprising the core Lamiidae. Early branching patterns are less well supported, with Garryales only poorly supported as sister to the above ‘core’ and a weakly supported clade composed of Icacinaceae, Metteniusaceae, and Oncothecaceae sister to all other Lamiidae.• Conclusions: Our phylogeny of Lamiidae reveals increased resolution and support for internal relationships that have remained elusive. Within Lamiales, greater resolution also is obtained, but some family interrelationships remain a challenge.
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A taxonomic treatment, phylogeny based on analysis of six DNA sequence markers (ITS,
ndhA
intron,
rpl32-trnL
,
rps3
,
rps16
intron and
rps16-trnK
) and classification of
Muhlenbergia
for Peru is ...given. Seventeen species and one presumed hybrid are recognised.
Muhlenbergiaromaschenkoi
sp. nov.
is newly described from the Río Huallaga Valley, northeast of Huánuco. The type of
Podosemumangustatum
≡
Muhlenbergiaangustata
clearly aligns with what we had been referring to as the hybrid between this species and
M.rigida
. Therefore, we adopt the next available heterotypic name,
Muhlenbergiacoerulea
, for what we had been calling
M.angustata
and change the hybrid designation to
M.coerulea
×
M.rigida
. Lectotypes are designated for
Epicampescoerulea
Griseb.,
Muhlenbergiaaffinis
Trin.,
Muhlenbergiaberlandieri
Trin.,
Muhlenbergiabeyrichiana
Kunth, Muhlenbergiaelegansvar.atroviolacea Kuntze, Muhlenbergiaelegansvar.subviridis Kuntze and
Muhlenbergiaphragmitoides
Griseb.
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The worldwide temperate subtribe Poinae comprises the largest grass genus, Poa (500+ species), and multiple additional small genera. We explore generic boundaries and relationships among genera of ...Poinae using nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer data (ITS) and plastid tmT-trnL-tmF (TLF) sequence data. ITS and TLF analyses are mostly congruent with regards to circumscription of genera, and with respect to relationships among Poinae genera, but tree structure is generally better supported among genera in the ITS strict consensus tree. ITS and TLF both support two main Poinae lineages: (i) Poa and (ii) a clade comprising all other sampled Poinae. Nine small genera were nested within the large Poa clade, including Aphanelytrum, Dissanthelium, and Tovarochloa, supporting inclusion of these as sections within Poa. In the second clade, three subclades support close relationships among Nicoraepoa, Hookerochloa, and Arctagrostis; Arctophila and Dupontia; and Apera, Bellardiochloa, and Ventenata. Genera of the related subtribes Alopecurinae, Cinninae, and Miliinae were mixed among or in part external to Poinae in different ways in ITS and TLF analyses, and only subtribe Puccinelliinae was strongly supported and monophyletic. ITS analyses supported placement of Catabrosella, Hyalopoa, and Paracolpodium in Puccinelliinae (no TLF data available). The position of Poa subgenus Arctopoa is incongruent between the two analyses: TLF data support inclusion within Poa and ITS data place it outside of Poa. Similarly, TLF data resolves the genus Aniselytron outside of Poa, whereas ITS data place it within Poa. Based on these results and a consideration of morphology, we recognize Arctopoa and Aniselytron as genera, probably of ancient hybrid origins. Nothogenus xDuarctopoa is coined for Arctopoa x Dupontia, with a single nothospecies xDuarctopoa labradorica. A new combination is provided for Poa subg. Sylvestres.
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We investigated the phylogeny of the New World grass Dissanthelium to explore its monophyly, to examine relationships within the genus, and to investigate its relationship with Poa. Molecular ...phylogenetic analyses including a thorough sampling of Dissanthelium (seventeen of the 20 species) and DNA sequences from the nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid trnT-trnL-trnF regions suggest that Dissanthelium is not monophyletic and is nested within Poa. However, ten species form a strongly supported clade (the Dissanthelium clade) in the ITS tree. We propose treating Dissanthelium and Tovarochloa as taxonomic synonyms of Poa. We erect two new sections in Poa: sect. Dissanthelium, comprising the Dissanthelium clade and D. peruvianum, and the monotypic sect. Tovarochloa. The necessary new combinations (Poa aequalis, P. amplivaginata, P. calycina var. mathewsii, P. gigantea, P. macusaniensis, P. rahuii, and P. trollii) and new names (Poa sections Dissanthelium and Tovarochloa, P. apiculata, P. arcuata, P. boliviana, P. congesta, P. deminuta, P. linearifolia, P. parvifolia, P. serpaiana, P. swallenii, and P. thomasii) are effected herein.
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A taxonomic treatment, phylogeny based on analysis of six DNA sequence markers (ITS,
intron,
,
,
intron and
) and classification of
for Peru is given. Seventeen species and one presumed hybrid are ...recognised.
is newly described from the Río Huallaga Valley, northeast of Huánuco. The type of
≡
clearly aligns with what we had been referring to as the hybrid between this species and
. Therefore, we adopt the next available heterotypic name,
, for what we had been calling
and change the hybrid designation to
×
. Lectotypes are designated for
Griseb.,
Trin.,
Trin.,
Kunth, Muhlenbergiaelegansvar.atroviolacea Kuntze, Muhlenbergiaelegansvar.subviridis Kuntze and
Griseb.
Full text
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A taxonomic treatment, phylogeny based on analysis of six DNA sequence markers (ITS,
ndhA
intron,
rpl32-trnL
,
rps3
,
rps16
intron and
rps16-trnK
) and classification of
Muhlenbergia
for Peru is ...given. Seventeen species and one presumed hybrid are recognised.
Muhlenbergia
romaschenkoi
sp. nov.
is newly described from the Río Huallaga Valley, northeast of Huánuco. The type of
Podosemum
angustatum
≡
Muhlenbergia
angustata
clearly aligns with what we had been referring to as the hybrid between this species and
M.
rigida
. Therefore, we adopt the next available heterotypic name,
Muhlenbergia
coerulea
, for what we had been calling
M.
angustata
and change the hybrid designation to
M.
coerulea
×
M.
rigida
. Lectotypes are designated for
Epicampes
coerulea
Griseb.,
Muhlenbergia
affinis
Trin.,
Muhlenbergia
berlandieri
Trin.,
Muhlenbergia
beyrichiana
Kunth,
Muhlenbergia
elegans
var.
atroviolacea
Kuntze,
Muhlenbergia
elegans
var.
subviridis
Kuntze and
Muhlenbergia
phragmitoides
Griseb.
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The worldwide temperate subtribe Poinae comprises the largest grass genus, Poa (500+ species), and multiple additional small genera. We explore generic boundaries and relationships among genera of ...Poinae using nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer data (ITS) and plastid trnT–trnL–trnF (TLF) sequence data. ITS and TLF analyses are mostly congruent with regards to circumscription of genera, and with respect to relationships among Poinae genera, but tree structure is generally better supported among genera in the ITS strict consensus tree. ITS and TLF both support two main Poinae lineages: (i) Poa and (ii) a clade comprising all other sampled Poinae. Nine small genera were nested within the large Poa clade, including Aphanelytrum , Dissanthelium , and Tovarochloa , supporting inclusion of these as sections within Poa. In the second clade, three subclades support close relationships among Nicoraepoa , Hookerochloa , and Arctagrostis ; Arctophila and Dupontia ; and Apera , Bellardiochloa , and Ventenata . Genera of the related subtribes Alopecurinae, Cinninae, and Miliinae were mixed among or in part external to Poinae in different ways in ITS and TLF analyses, and only subtribe Puccinelliinae was strongly supported and monophyletic. ITS analyses supported placement of Catabrosella , Hyalopoa , and Paracolpodium in Puccinelliinae (no TLF data available). The position of Poa subgenus Arctopoa is incongruent between the two analyses: TLF data support inclusion within Poa and ITS data place it outside of Poa. Similarly, TLF data resolves the genus Aniselytron outside of Poa, whereas ITS data place it within Poa. Based on these results and a consideration of morphology, we recognize Arctopoa and Aniselytron as genera, probably of ancient hybrid origins. Nothogenus × Duarctopoa is coined for Arctopoa × Dupontia, with a single nothospecies × Duarctopoa labradorica . A new combination is provided for Poa subg. Sylvestres .
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The phylogeny of Dissanthelium was investigated using information provided by two nuclear (ITS, Adh1) and two chloroplast (trnT-L-F, rpoB-trnC) genetic markers, and using maximum parsimony and ...Bayesian approaches. The results show that the genus is closely related to Poa species, specifically those of sections of the HAMBADD clade. The results support the hypothesis of relationships based in morphological evidence that Dissanthelium may be related to Poa and corroborate previous molecular studies, and also indicate long glumes in Dissanthelium are a homoplastic character. In addition, in each phylogeny Dissanthelium is not monophyletic and its species are nested within Poa. However, most of its species form a clade (Dissanthelium clade). The Dissanthelium clade is in an unresolved polytomy (clade A). Low DNA sequence variation and low support values were found in the Dissanthelium clade and in clade A, which may be due to rapid and recent diversification. Also, the molecular results indicate that the monotypic genus Tovarochloa is nested in Poa and the monotypic genus Relchela is closely related to members of the subtribe Agrostidinae. Leaf and lemma micromorphology and leaf anatomy of Dissanthelium and representatives of Poa (principally those of the HAMBADD clade) were also investigated. The results show that Dissanthelium is very similar to the Poa species included in this study.
The worldwide temperate subtribe Poinae comprises the largest grass genus, Poa (500+ species), and multiple additional small genera. We explore generic boundaries and relationships among genera of ...Poinae using nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer data (ITS) and plastid trnT-trnL-trnF (TLF) sequence data. ITS and TLF analyses are mostly congruent with regards to circumscription of genera, and with respect to relationships among Poinae genera, but tree structure is generally better supported among genera in the ITS strict consensus tree. ITS and TLF both support two main Poinae lineages: (i) Poa and (ii) a clade comprising all other sampled Poinae. Nine small genera were nested within the large Poa clade, including
Aphanelytrum
,
Dissanthelium
, and
Tovarochloa
, supporting inclusion of these as sections within Poa. In the second clade, three subclades support close relationships among
Nicoraepoa
,
Hookerochloa
, and
Arctagrostis
;;
Arctophila
and
Dupontia
;; and
Apera
,
Bellardiochloa
, and
Ventenata
. Genera of the related subtribes Alopecurinae, Cinninae, and Miliinae were mixed among or in part external to Poinae in different ways in ITS and TLF analyses, and only subtribe Puccinelliinae was strongly supported and monophyletic. ITS analyses supported placement of
Catabrosella
,
Hyalopoa
, and
Paracolpodium
in Puccinelliinae (no TLF data available). The position of
Poa
subgenus
Arctopoa
is incongruent between the two analyses: TLF data support inclusion within Poa and ITS data place it outside of Poa. Similarly, TLF data resolves the genus
Aniselytron
outside of Poa, whereas ITS data place it within Poa. Based on these results and a consideration of morphology, we recognize
Arctopoa
and
Aniselytron
as genera, probably of ancient hybrid origins. Nothogenus
×
Duarctopoa
is coined for Arctopoa × Dupontia, with a single nothospecies
×
Duarctopoa labradorica
. A new combination is provided for Poa subg.
Sylvestres
.
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Bromus ayacuchensis, a new species from Departamento Ayacucho, Peru, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to species in Bromus sect. Ceratochloa, particularly B. cebadilla, ...because of its strongly keeled lemmas. It differs from B. cebadilla by having densely pilose culms near the base, adaxially pilose ligules 3-6.6 mm long, lower glumes 1-veined, upper glumes 3-veined, pilose lemmas (especially along the margins and near the apex), lemma margins that are tightly involute on lower 1/5-1/4, and lemma awns 3-5.5 mm long. Phylogenetic analyses of sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA place B. ayacuchensis in a dade with species of sect. Ceratochloa, whereas analyses of plastid data from the trnL intron and the 3'-end of ndhF indicate that B. ayacuchensis is closely related to this dade. Confirmed records are provided for B. modestus and B. cebadilla in Peru, and B. coloratus and B. flexuosus are reported for the first time in Peru. A key to the 12 species of Bromus now known from Peru is included. Se describe y se ilustra Bromus ayacuchensis Saarela & P. M. Peterson, sp. nov, una nueva especie dd Departamento de Ayacucho, Perú. La nueva especie es similar a las especies de Bromus secc. Ceratochloa, particularmente B. cebadilla, porque tiene lemas muy carenadas. Se diferencia de B. cebadilla por tener cúlmenes densamente pilosos cerca de la base, lígulas 3-6.6 mm de largo y pilosas en la parte ventral superior, glumas inferiores con 1 nervio, glumas superiores con 3 nervios, lemas pilosos (especialmente a lo largo de los márgenes y cerca del ápice), los márgenes del lema son firmemente involutos en la porción 1/5-1/4 inferior del lema y aristas de 3-5.5 mm de largo. Los análisis filogenéticos de los datos de la secuencia de ADN de las regiones transcritas internas del espaciador ribosómico nuclear colocan a B. ayacuchensis en un ciado con las especies de la sect. Ceratochloa, mientras que los análisis de los datos del intrón del plástido del trnL y de los extremos 3' del ndhF indican que B. ayacuchensis está íntimamente relacionado pero no es parte de este ciado. Proporcionamos ejemplares de especímenes B. modestus y B. cebadilla provenientes del Perú, y B. coloratus y B. flexuosus encontrados por primera vez en Perú. Se incluye la clave para las 12 especies de Bromus conocidas en Perú.
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