Plants are constantly confronted to both abiotic and biotic stresses that seriously reduce their productivity. Plant responses to these stresses are complex and involve numerous physiological, ...molecular, and cellular adaptations. Recent evidence shows that a combination of abiotic and biotic stress can have a positive effect on plant performance by reducing the susceptibility to biotic stress. Such an interaction between both types of stress points to a crosstalk between their respective signaling pathways. This crosstalk may be synergistic and/or antagonistic and include among others the involvement of phytohormones, transcription factors, kinase cascades, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In certain cases, such crosstalk can lead to a cross-tolerance and enhancement of a plant's resistance against pathogens. This review aims at giving an insight into cross-tolerance between abiotic and biotic stress, focusing on the molecular level and regulatory pathways.
In this study, chemical composition and in vitro biological activities of artichoke by‐products (leaves, floral stems and bracts) issued from two Tunisian varieties were evaluated. Analysis was ...performed by means of high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (LC/DAD/ESI‐MS). Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents as well as the antioxidant activity conducted by three complementary methods, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP tests, were performed for each sample. Enzyme inhibitory effects against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and α‐amylase were also studied. Results showed that TPC and TFC varied according to variety as well as the plant part. Bracts presented the highest TPC values (10–15 mg GAE/g DW), while leaves were distinguished by the highest TFC values (52–58 mg EQ/g DW). In vitro assays showed that Violet d'Hyères bracts and Blanc d'Oran leaves present the most antioxidant activities (30.040 and 20.428 mgET/gDW, respectively, by the DPPH method). Leaves demonstrated the highest acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory effects. Moreover, all organs displayed a noticeable inhibition towards α‐amylase. LC/DAD/MS analysis revealed that artichoke by‐products are a potential source of biopharmaceuticals such as luteolin derivatives from leaves and mono/dicaffeoylquinic acids in the other parts. This research demonstrates that globe artichoke by‐products, unexploited in our country, are a promising source of natural health promoting compounds with potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Leather industry is making significant contributions to economic development. However, it is notably leading to a serious environmental pollution. Recently, the enzyme technology developments offer ...new opportunities for enzymatic application in leather making. In the present investigation, microbial lipases were studied and used in degreasing process of sheep leathers. In order to optimize degreasing efficiency, a fractional experimental design with four parameters (enzyme source, processing stage, lipase amount, and degreasing duration) was used. Lipases A from
Aspergillus niger
, F from
Rhizopus oryzae
, R from
Penicillium roqueforti
, and AY from
Candida rugosa
were selected for leather degreasing. Enzymatic treatment of sheep skin was carried out during two stages of beamhouse operations: deliming-bating and pickling. Obtained results showed that enzymatic degreasing efficiency is higher than those obtained with the conventional process. Lipase F from
Rhizopus oryzae
demonstrated the most interesting hydrolysis with yields of 58.3% and 37.2% for delimed and pickled skins, respectively. An enzymatic degreasing process on pickled leather using 0.125% (w/v) of lipase F during 3.5 h is the most promising for an industrial application with a 76.03 of degreasing efficiency. Results of the physico-mechanical tests of leathers having undergone enzymatic treatment complied with industry requirement. The enzymatic treatment may be carried out in the same conditions as employed in leather manufacturing process. Results suggested that the enzymatic degreasing improves the leather quality and reduces the use of chemical compounds and surfactant.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Food waste has been widely valorized in the past years in order to develop eco-friendly materials. Among others, bread waste is currently of increasing interest, as it is considered a huge global ...issue with serious environmental impacts and significant economic losses that have become even greater in the post-pandemic years due to an increase in cereal prices, which has led to higher production costs and bread prices. Owing to its richness in polysaccharides, bread waste has been previously studied for its physico-chemical characteristics and its numerous biotechnological applications. The present review highlights the re-use of bread waste and its valorization as a valuable resource by making value-added products through numerous technological processes to increase efficiency at all stages. Many research studies reporting several transformation methods of surplus bread into ethanol, lactic acid, succinic acid, biohydrogen, hydroxymethylfurfural, proteins and pigments, glucose-fructose syrup, aroma compounds, and enzymes are widely discussed. The wide variety of suggested applications for recycling bread waste provides significant insights into the role of technology development in potentially maximizing resource recovery and consequently contributing to environmental performance by reducing the amount of bread waste in landfills.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this study, soy flour of three particle sizes (<132, 132–156 and >156 μm) were used to substitute 15% and 30% of starch in layer and sponge cakes formulations. Batter microstructure, density and ...viscosity, and cake specific volume, texture and colour were evaluated. Results showed that soy flour incorporation in layer cakes decreased batter density as its particle size increased and also increased batter viscosity. However, batter prepared with intermediate flour particle size led to the lowest viscosity while the coarse fraction presented the highest viscosity. In sponge cakes, soy flour incorporation increased batter density. At 30%, the fraction with the larger particle size had the lower density. Batter viscosity was only affected in the case of 30% soy flour substitution, being significantly decreased with the use of the fine fraction. Enrichment of layer cakes did not affect their specific volumes but a flattened shape was obtained. Soy flour incorporation decreased layer cakes hardness. In contrast, its incorporation reduced the sponge cake specific volume as the addition percentage and the particle size increased. Soy flour incorporation prevented cakes from staling during storage.
•Coarsest soy flours increased the viscosity of gluten-free layer and sponge batters.•Soy flour incorporation produced a lower sponge cake specific volume.•Particle size influence was more pronounced on sponge cakes.•Finest soy flours produced sponge cakes with higher specific volume.•Soy flour addition delayed layer and sponge cakes staling during storage.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
The discovery of in-vitro systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) process has considerably broaden the utility of aptamer as bio-recognition element, providing the high ...binding affinity and specificity against the target analytes. Recent research has focused on the development of structure switching signaling aptamer assay, transducing the aptamer- target recognition event into an easily detectable signal. In this paper, we demonstrate the development of structure switching aptamer assay for determination of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) employing the quenching-dequenching mechanism. Hybridization of fluorescein labelled anti-AFM1 aptamer (F-aptamer) with TAMRA labelled complementary sequences (Q-aptamer) brings the fluorophore and the quencher into close proximity, which results in maximum fluorescence quenching. On addition of AFM1, the target induced conformational formation of antiparallel G-quadruplex aptamer-AFM1 complex results in fluorescence recovery. Under optimized experimental conditions, the developed method showed the good linearity with limit of detection (LOD) at 5.0ngkg−1 for AFM1. The specificity of the sensing platform was carefully investigated against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA). The developed assay platform showed the high specificity towards AFM1. The practical application of the developed aptamer assay was verified for detection of AFM1 in spiked milk samples. Good recoveries were obtained in the range from 94.40% to 95.28% (n=3) from AFM1 spiked milk sample.
Display omitted
•Structure switching aptamer assay for detection of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1).•Successfully investigated for detection of AFM1 in spiked milk samples.•Analytical performance of aptamer assay proves its applicability in milk analysis.•No complex milk sample preparation procedure.•Obtained recoveries were in the range of 94.40−95.28% (n=3).
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Lipase activity against triacylglycerols has been measured using an amperometric enzyme biosensor based on glycerol dehydrogenase/NADH oxidase. A Prussian Blue modified screen-printed electrode was ...selected as substrate for the two immobilised-enzyme systems due to their higher operative stability reported in previous works. Various parameters such as cofactor (flavin mononucleotide FMN) concentration (1
mM), NAD
+ coenzyme concentration (2
mM), pH effect (phosphate buffer pH 6 to 8, Tris buffer pH 8–10) response time and storage stability were evaluated and optimised. The glycerol biosensor was then investigated for lipase activity. The system was challenged against an olive or sunflower oil real samples in order to detect fatty acids and the results were compared with those provided either by the manufacture or reference methods with good agreement.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Previously, the exopolysaccharides produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum C7 isolated from the broiler intestine have been shown to possess probiotic potential. In this study, we highlighted the ...capacity of this strain to produce exopolysaccharide (EPS) endowed with several biological activities. The 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging activities of EPS were found to be 30.4% and 68.165%, respectively, at 100 mg/mL. The ferrous reducing potential of EPS was measured to be 25.26%. Furthermore, EPS exhibited antibacterial effects against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens, including Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, with inhibition zones of 22.5 ± 0.70 mm and 20 ± 1.41, respectively. On the other hand, the exopolysaccharide also exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), achieving 70.99% inhibition at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. FTIR spectra were used to characterize functional groups in EPS. Our findings proved that EPS from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum C7 could be explored for various applications, particularly in the health and functional food sectors.
The partial substitution of wheat flour (WF) by apricot kernel flour (AKF) in the range of 4–24 % was made. Physicochemical, hydration and pasting properties of WF–AKF blends were studied. The effect ...of AKF addition on the rheological and textural behaviours, respectively, of composite pastes and gels was also investigated. Flours blend exhibits higher protein, fat and ash contents than WF. AKF addition increased the capacities of binding and holding water and decreased the swelling capacity. Pasting properties of WF–AKF decreased with increasing AKF levels. The rheological measurements of pastes showed that the incorporation of AKF decreased the elastic/viscous moduli and the consistency index of pastes but increased the flow behaviour index, which indicates their thixotropic behaviour. Once the gel was set, WF partially substituted by high level of AKF, gave rise to weak gels revealed by a decrease in their hardness.
A novel biosensor assay format for aflatoxin based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is proposed. The AChE was present in solution and an amperometric choline oxidase ...biosensor was used for monitoring its residual activity. To create the biosensor, the choline oxidase was immobilized by cross-linking onto screen-printed electrodes modified with Prussian Blue (PB) and these were used to detect the H2O2 at low potential (−0.05V versus a screen-printed internal silver pseudoreference electrode).
For the development of the AFB1 assay, several parameters such as AChE and substrate concentration, the methanol effect, and pH were evaluated and optimized. The linear working range was assessed to be 10–60ppb. Concentrations as low as 2ppb, which correspond to the legal limit of AFB1 in food for humans, were detected after a pre-concentration step. The suitability of the method was evaluated using commercial olive oil samples. A recovery equal to 78±9% for 10ppb of AFB1 in olive oil samples was obtained.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
