The Genomic Data Storage (GDS) format provides efficient storage and retrieval of genotypes measured by microarrays and sequencing. We developed GENESIS to perform various single- and ...aggregate-variant association tests using genotype data stored in GDS format. GENESIS implements highly flexible mixed models, allowing for different link functions, multiple variance components and phenotypic heteroskedasticity. GENESIS integrates cohesively with other R/Bioconductor packages to build a complete genomic analysis workflow entirely within the R environment.
https://bioconductor.org/packages/GENESIS; vignettes included.
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
We sought to characterize the natural history of vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in individuals with heterozygous COL3A1 mutations.
We reviewed clinical records for details of vascular, bowel, and ...organ complications in 1,231 individuals (630 index cases and 601 relatives).
Missense and splice-site mutations accounted for more than 90% of the 572 alterations that we had identified in COL3A1. Median survival was 51 years but was influenced by gender (lower in men) and by the type of mutation.
Although vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome appears to be genetically homogeneous, allelic heterogeneity is marked, and the natural history varies with gender and type of mutation in COL3A1. These findings indicate that when counseling families, confirmation of the presence of a COL3A1 mutation and its nature can help evaluate the risks of complications. These data are also important ingredients in both the selection and allocation of individuals to appropriate arms in clinical trials to assess the effects of interventions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The purpose of this study was to test if coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) traumatic stress predicts posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after cumulative trauma and whether there is a ...three‐way interaction between COVID‐19 traumatic stress, cumulative trauma, and race in the prediction of PTSD. Using a cross‐sectional design, a diverse sample of 745 participants completed measures of cumulative trauma, COVID‐19 traumatic stress, and PTSD. COVID‐19 traumatic stress accounted for a significant amount of the variance in PTSD above and beyond cumulative trauma. A significant interaction effect was found, indicating that the effect of COVID‐19 traumatic stress in predicting PTSD varied as a function of cumulative trauma and that the effects of that interaction were different for Asians and Whites. There were generally comparable associations between COVID‐19 traumatic stress and PTSD at low and high levels of cumulative trauma across most racial groups. However, for Asians, higher levels of cumulative trauma did not worsen the PTSD outcome as a function of COVID Traumatic Stress but did at low levels of cumulative trauma.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We evaluated whether previously reported latent profiles of burnout among health-care workers (Leiter & Maslach, 2016) would generalize to a new sample of research and development (R&D) workers. We ...also extended recent reviews (e.g., Harari, Swider, Steed, & Breidenthal, 2018) by using a multilevel approach to the study of perfectionism and burnout in R&D teams in Taiwanese companies. Following a stress-generation model, we examined the association between perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and burnout based on data collected from 760 R&D employees and their 195 team leaders. The latent profiles that emerged differed more by level than kind; therefore, we implemented more parsimonious latent-variable modeling to test worker-level models involving perfectionistic strivings, concerns, and their interaction in predicting 3 dimensions of worker burnout. The latent interaction was significant only in the prediction of cynicism and revealed a general buffering effect of strivings on the negative effects of concerns. However, multilevel analyses that included leader perfectionism as a cross-level predictor revealed only conditional effects and no significant interactions. Overall, perfectionistic strivings had positive effects in association with lower levels of burnout, and perfectionistic concerns had negative effects and seemed to be a strong risk factor for burnout. High levels of perfectionistic concerns from leaders further increased the risk for 2 of the 3 dimensions of worker burnout. The results are discussed in light of theoretical and practical implications and future research into work-related contextual considerations, including culture and work environment, that might increase or decrease the effects of perfectionism on important outcomes.
Public Significance Statement
This study suggests that different forms of perfectionism are related to worker burnout but in different ways. Workers who tend to be harshly self-critical and those who have supervisors who themselves tend to be self-critical are more likely to report burnout. However, workers with high strivings or performance expectations are actually less likely to report burnout. These risk and protective factors can be used by companies to help create work environments that reduce the risk of burnout for their employees.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
Burnout has been studied extensively in work-related contexts and more recently investigated in academic settings. The present study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the student ...version of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI-S; Reis et al.,
2015
) on an Italian sample of university students (
n
= 339,
M
age
= 22.67 ± 4.10), and its measurement invariance with a USA sample (
n
= 553,
M
age
= 23.47 ± 5.96). Separate sample analyses provided psychometric support for 14 but not all 16 of the original OLBI-S items. Cross-sectional model comparisons supported partial metric invariance for the 14-item OLBI-S items when comparing the Italian and USA samples. However, scalar invariance was not supported. Finally, we found good internal reliability, and convergent, concurrent, and discriminant validity for the 14-item Italian OLBI-S. Hence, results supported using the 14-item OLBI-S in future studies of academic burnout in Italian and USA samples, and as a possible screening instrument to identify students experiencing burnout, especially during academic periods associated with higher stress. However, the 14-item OLBI-S should not be used to compare levels of burnout factors between Italian and USA students due to the lack of scalar invariance. Future work could entail further scale revisions or the development of burnout measures specifically related to the academic context rather than adapting work-related burnout scales to the study area.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
6.
A re-evaluation of fixed effect(s) meta-analysis Rice, Kenneth; Higgins, Julian P. T.; Lumley, Thomas
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, Statistics in society,
January 2018, Volume:
181, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Meta-analysis is a common tool for synthesizing results of multiple studies. Among methods for performing meta-analysis, the approach known as 'fixed effects' or Inverse variance weighting' is ...popular and widely used. A common interpretation of this method is that it assumes that the underlying effects in contributing studies are identical, and for this reason it is sometimes dismissed by practitioners. However, other interpretations of fixed effects analyses do not make this assumption, yet appear to be little known in the literature. We review these alternative interpretations, describing both their strengths and their limitations. We also describe how heterogeneity of the underlying effects can be addressed, with the same minimal assumptions, through either testing or meta-regression. Recommendations for the practice of meta-analysis are given; it is hoped that these will foster more direct connection of the questions that meta-analysts wish to answer with the statistical methods they choose.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, INZLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Dimensions of perfectionism and goal orientation have been reported to have differential relationships with test anxiety. However, the degree of inter-relationship between different dimensions of ...perfectionism, the 2×2 model of goal orientations proposed by Elliot and McGregor, cognitive test anxiety, and academic performance indicators is not known. Based on data from 134 university students, we conducted correlation and regression analyses to test associations between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, four types of goal orientations, cognitive test anxiety, and two indicators of academic performance: proximal cognitive performance on a word list recall test and distal academic performance in terms of grade point average. Cognitive test anxiety was inversely associated with both performance indicators, and positively associated with maladaptive perfectionism and avoidance goal orientations. Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism accounted for significant variance in cognitive test anxiety after controlling for approach and avoidance goal orientations. Overall, nearly 50% of the variance in cognitive test anxiety could be attributed to gender, goal orientations, and perfectionism. Results suggested that students who are highly test anxious are likely to be women who endorse avoidance goal orientations and are maladaptively perfectionistic.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Grounded in the tripartite model of perfectionism and previous empirical support, the current study explored qualitatively different types of perfectionists and their well-being. A total of 276 ...college students responded to measures of perfectionism, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and well-being. Latent Profile Analysis identified three distinct latent classes of perfectionists: adaptive, maladaptive, and non-perfectionists. Adaptive perfectionists exhibited highest levels of presence of meaning, subjective happiness, and life satisfaction; maladaptive perfectionists showed the highest levels of search for meaning. Findings call attention to the value of exploring the heterogeneity of perfectionists and their well-being.
•Latent Profile Analysis supports a three-class model of perfectionism.•Adaptive perfectionists show the highest levels of presence of meaning.•Adaptive perfectionists are the highest in happiness and life satisfaction levels.•Maladaptive perfectionists show the highest levels of search for meaning.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2, an emerging virus that utilizes host proteins ACE2 and TMPRSS2 as entry factors. Understanding the factors affecting the pattern and ...levels of expression of these genes is important for deeper understanding of SARS-CoV-2 tropism and pathogenesis. Here we explore the role of genetics and co-expression networks in regulating these genes in the airway, through the analysis of nasal airway transcriptome data from 695 children. We identify expression quantitative trait loci for both ACE2 and TMPRSS2, that vary in frequency across world populations. We find TMPRSS2 is part of a mucus secretory network, highly upregulated by type 2 (T2) inflammation through the action of interleukin-13, and that the interferon response to respiratory viruses highly upregulates ACE2 expression. IL-13 and virus infection mediated effects on ACE2 expression were also observed at the protein level in the airway epithelium. Finally, we define airway responses to common coronavirus infections in children, finding that these infections generate host responses similar to other viral species, including upregulation of IL6 and ACE2. Our results reveal possible mechanisms influencing SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and COVID-19 clinical outcomes.
Recent college graduates are navigating a complex labor market due to the COVID-19 pandemic, changing economic conditions, and advancing technologies. Career adaptability, a psychosocial construct ...focused on managing career transitions, is critical for college students in this environment. Career adaptability interventions have shown promising results, but many are time consuming or involve one-on-one counseling, and none have focused on US college samples, which prompted this study. We tested a brief career adaptability training on a sample of 89 US college students and measured its effect on participants’ career adaptability resources (career concern, career control, career curiosity, career confidence) and career adapting responses (career decision self-efficacy, career planning). Results showed no increase in career adaptability resources or career planning but indicated an increase in career decision self-efficacy, suggesting that brief interventions may be effective for some desired outcomes but not others. Future research should examine which intervention ingredients are necessary to enhance career adaptability.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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