Introduction
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) introduced severity indices for Eating Disorders (ED).
Objectives
This study assessed in a male ED sample the DSM-5 ...severity indices for Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and compared them to an alternative transdiagnostic drive for thinness (DT) severity category and a combined DSM-5/DT severity categorization
Methods
178 males with EDs were classified using: a.) a DT categorisation based on the EDI-2 DT subscale; b.) the DSM-5 severity categories for AN, BN and BED and c.) a combination of the DT and the DSM-5 severity categorisation. These severity classifications were then compared based on psychopathology and personality.
Results
For the DSM-5 severity indices, the “mild” category was most prevalent for AN and BN, and the “moderate to extreme” group for BED. For the EDI-2 DT severity classification, the “mild” category was overrepresented in all subtypes. For the combined DSM-5/DT categorization, the “mild combined” severity group was the most prevalent for AN, while for BN and BED the “severe/extreme” combined group was most prevalent. Clinically significant findings were strongest for the DT categorization followed by the combined DSM-5/DT approach. Almost non-significant findings were revealed for the DSM-5 severity categories for all ED subtypes. These findings were most pronounced for AN and BN and almost non-existent for BED.
Conclusions
Our findings provide support for DT as an alternative transdiagnostic severity category for EDs in males that may be more meaningful than the DSM-5 severity indices for AN and BN, but not BED.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Introduction
Anandamide (AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) play a pivotal role in food intake and reward aspects of feeding. Aberrant functioning in the endocannabinoid system has been observed ...in patients with eating disorders (EDs). This dysfunction may influence the incentive processes stimulating behaviors towards food acquisition or the hedonic evaluation of ingested food.
Objectives
The aims of this study are to compare fasting peripheral levels of AEA and 2-AG in ED patients, obese subjects (OB) and healthy controls (HCs), and to explore their association with clinical and anthropometric variables.
Methods
The sample included a total of 63 adult women. Peripheral blood samples were collected to investigate fasting levels of AEA and 2-AG in 31 ED patients: 22 Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and 9 Binge Eating Disorder (BED), compared to 21 OB and 11 HCs. Several clinical and anthropometric variables were also assessed.
Results
Comparing groups, significant differences in AEA levels were found (p=0.001). Specifically, individuals with AN exhibited lower AEA than OB (p<0.001) and BED (p=0.007), while OB showed higher AEA than HCs (p=0.015). 2-AG was positively correlated with hostility dimension in EDs and negatively associated with impulsive traits in OB. AEA showed a direct association with body dissatisfaction in AN, contrary to OB. Finally, in AN, AEA negatively correlated with the body mass index, while 2-AG was positively associated with the fat mass.
Conclusions
These results suggest an interaction between biological and clinical factors defining a vulnerability pathway that could help fitting personalized therapeutic approaches in each condition.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Background
Cranial autonomic parasympathetic symptoms (CAPS) appear in at least half of migraine patients theoretically as a result of the release of peptides by the trigemino-vascular system (TVS). ...Cranial pain pathways become sensitised by repeated episodes of TVS activation, leading to migraine chronification.
Objective
The objective of this article is to correlate the presence of CAPS with serum levels of vasoactive intestinal peptides (VIP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).
Patients and methods
Patients with chronic migraine (CM) were asked about the presence – during migraine attacks – of five CAPS, which were scored from 0 to 10 by using a quantitative scale. Serum VIP and CGRP levels were determined by ELISA.
Results
We interviewed 87 CM patients (82 females; mean age 44.7 ± 10.6 years). Seventeen had no CAPS, while 70 reported at least one CAPS. VIP levels ranged from 20.8 to 668.2 pg/ml (mean 154.5 ± 123.2). There was a significant positive correlation between scores in the CAPS scale and VIP levels (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.227; p = 0.035). VIP levels were significantly higher in CM patients by at least one point in the scale vs those with 0 points (p = 0.002). Analysing symptoms individually, VIP levels were numerically higher in those patients with symptoms, though they were significantly higher only in those patients with lacrimation vs those without it (p = 0.013). There was no significant correlation between CGRP levels and the score in the CAPS scale.
Conclusions
Serum VIP, but not CGRP, levels seem to reflect the rate of activation of the parasympathetic arm of the TVS in migraine.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Objective Elevated physical activity has been observed in some patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) despite their emaciated condition. However, its effects on treatment outcome remain ...unclear. This study aimed to examine objectively measured physical activity in this clinical population and how it might be related to a partial hospitalization therapy response, after considering potential confounders. Method The sample comprised 88 AN patients consecutively enrolled in a day hospital treatment program, and 116 healthy-weight controls. All participants were female and a baseline assessment took place using an accelerometer (Actiwatch AW7) to measure physical activity, the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 and the Depression subscale of the Symptom Checklist-Revised. Outcome was evaluated upon the termination of the treatment program by expert clinicians. Results Although AN patients and controls did not differ in the average time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) ( P = .21), nor daytime physical activity ( P = .34), fewer AN patients presented a high physical activity profile compared to the controls (37% vs. 61%, respectively; P = .014). Both lower levels of MVPA and greater eating disorder severity had a direct effect on a poor treatment outcome. Depression symptoms in the patients were associated with lower MVPA, as well as with an older age, a shorter duration of the disorder and greater eating disorder psychopathology. Conclusions There is a notable variation in the physical activity profile of AN patients, characterized by either low or very high patterns. Physical activity is a highly relevant issue in AN that must be taken into account during the treatment process.
The physical meaning of the energetic parameter, χ12, that is characteristic of Flory theory is explored in connection to the random mixing hypothesis. It is known that, if such a hypothesis is ...valid, χ12 is independent of the concentration (x 1). Here, deviations from the random mixing hypothesis are attributed to an excess of interactions between like molecules (if χ12(x 1) > χ12(x 1 = 0.5)) or of interactions between unlike molecules (if χ12(x 1) < χ12(x 1 = 0.5)). Binary mixtures of the type hydroxyether + dibutyl ether, or + 1-alkanol, or + 2-methoxyethanol have been investigated studying the χ12 variation with x 1. Toward this end, we provide a new expression for χ12 which makes possible the exact determination of this magnitude at any composition if the corresponding molar excess enthalpy, , is known. Orientational effects are present in the studied solutions, although the model can represent the for hydroxyether + 1-alkanol or + 2-methoxyethanol, where the mentioned effects are weaker. The excess molar volumes, , are only described for the systems with two cellosolves, due to the existence in the remainder mixtures of structural effects. Results from the Kirkwood−Buff formalism, applied to 2-ethoxyethanol + dibutyl ether, or + 1-butanol, systems are in agreement with those obtained using Flory theory.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Background and aims Despite the high prevalence of EDNOS only a small proportion of individuals with this disorder seek treatment, which may be due in part to difficulties in finding specialized ...treatment settings for EDNOS and the high costs and logistics associated with face-to-face individual psychotherapy. This omission is critical since there is evidence that the severity of psychopathology and degree of secondary psychosocial impairment in those with EDNOS are comparable to those seen in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN). There has been hardly any research on the treatment of atypical EDs other than the promising effort on BED, for which Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is proposed to be the most effective treatment. The aim of this presentation is to show several pilot studies and our experience of treating EDNOS cases, but also to analyze variables associated to good-outcome. Method We performed several clinical studies with EDNOS patients at the University Hospital of Bellvitge to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of specific outpatient CBT programs of short and long term duration. Results and conlusions The few case-control studies where the effect of diagnosis on the prognosis has been analyzed have shown differential course and outcome in EDs. EDNOS (with exception of BED) showed the poorest long-term prognosis, due to their heterogeneity and, in many cases, to their lower motivation to change. Specific therapy programs, based on our experience, will be discussed.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IMTLJ, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
Excess molar volumes,
V
E, at 298.15
K and atmospheric pressure, over the entire composition range for binary mixtures of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol ...and 1-octanol with hexylamine (HxA) and of 1-propanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol and 1-octanol with triethylamine (TEA) are reported. They are calculated from densities measured with a vibrating-tube densimeter. All the excess volumes are large and negative over the whole mole fraction range, indicating strong interactions between unlike molecules. These interactions are stronger for the solutions with methanol or ethanol. The corresponding values of the molar excess enthalpies,
H
E, and of the molar excess internal energies confirm this point.
At equimolar composition,
V
E values for the 1-alkanol + HxA systems behave similarly to those of other systems previously investigated such as 1-alkanol + dipropylamine (DPA), + dibutylamine, or + methyl butylamine. For these mixtures, the main contribution to the
V
E seems to be due to the interactional term. In contrast, packing effects are much more important in 1-alkanol + TEA mixtures.
V
E and
H
E of the studied solutions are consistently described by the ERAS model. The ERAS parameters point out that the strongest interactions between unlike molecules are encountered in the solutions including methanol.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
We describe a novel optical flow cell for rapid automated isobaric measurements of liquid–liquid phase boundaries in binary mixtures. The apparatus was suitable for measurements at temperatures ...between 298 and 473K at pressures of up to 7MPa. The cell volume was only 35μL but this was later increased to 55μL to accommodate a magnetic stirrer. Measurement of a single point on the temperature–composition phase diagram could be accomplished within about 10min. Results are reported for {(1 −x) H2O + xc-(CH2)4O} at pressures of 3 and 6MPa.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
PDF
