Objective
This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of a sample of Hispanics in Puerto Rico (PR) toward the transgender community.
Methods
A cross‐sectional study addressing Hispanics, ...aged 21 years or older who lived in PR, was performed from March to September 2021. Participants were invited through online advertisement shared on social media pages. Data were collected via SurveyMonkey and analyzed with Stata 17. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize findings.
Results
A total of 404 participants were sampled. Most were female, 278 (68.8%), had completed at least a bachelor's degree, 292 (72.2%), and referred exposure to trans‐related topics during education, 237 (58.7%). Most correctly defined the terms sex, 257 (63.6%), sexual orientation, 334 (82.7%) and transgenderism, 297 (73.5%). The majority also agreed that transgender individuals should be able to change their name, 353 (93.6%) and undergo gender‐affirming procedures, 335 (88.9%). Most also believed trans individuals were a valuable part of society, 339 (89.9%) and should be allowed free gender expression, 358 (95.0%).
Conclusions
PR is characterized by a patriarchal, religious, and conservative culture which could promote a negative attitude toward transgender people. Our findings challenged such assumption. The level of knowledge and positive attitude toward trans individuals identified in this study could counteract the existing violence and stigma affecting this community in PR.
Synopsis
The adequate knowledge and positive attitude toward transgender individuals identified in this study could counteract the existing violence and stigma affecting this community in PR.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The role of iron in two modes of integration into alumina catalysts was studied at 0.39 wt% Fe and tested in trichloroethylene combustion. One modified alumina was synthesized using the sol-gel ...method with Fe added in situ during hydrolysis; another modification was performed using calcined alumina, prepared using the sol-gel method and impregnated with Fe. Several characterization techniques were used to study the level of Fe modification in the γ-Al₂O₃ phase formed and to correlate the catalytic properties during trichloroethylene (TCE) combustion. The introduction of Fe in situ during the sol-gel process influenced the crystallite size, and three iron species were generated, namely, magnetite, maghemite and hematite. The impregnated Fe-alumina formed hematite and maghemite, which were highly dispersed on the γ-Al₂O
surface. The X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), FT-IR and Mössbauer spectroscopy analyses revealed how Fe interacted with the γ-Al₂O₃ lattice in both catalysts. The impregnated Fe-catalyst showed the best catalytic performance compared to the catalyst that was Fe-doped in situ by the sol-gel method; both had better catalytic activity than pure alumina. This difference in activity was correlated with the accessibility of the reactants to the hematite iron species on the surface. The chlorine poisoning for all three catalysts was less than 1.8%.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Recent advances in the field of proteomics have allowed extensive insights into the molecular regulations of the cell proteome. Specifically, this allows researchers to dissect a multitude of ...signaling arrays while targeting for the discovery of novel protein signatures. These approaches based on data mining are becoming increasingly powerful for identifying both potential disease mechanisms as well as indicators for disease progression and overall survival predictive and prognostic molecular markers for cancer. Furthermore, mass spectrometry (MS) integrations satisfy the ongoing demand for in-depth biomarker validation. For the purpose of this review, we will highlight the current developments based on MS sensitivity, to place quantitative proteomics into clinical settings and provide a perspective to integrate proteomics data for future applications in cancer precision medicine. We will also discuss malignancies associated with oncogenic viruses such as Acquire Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and suggest novel mechanisms behind this phenomenon. Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) proteins are known to be oncogenic per se, to induce oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses, and to be released from the infected or expressing cells. HIV-1 proteins can act alone or in collaboration with other known oncoproteins, which cause the bulk of malignancies in people living with HIV-1 on ART.
In this work, the desorption of furfural, which is a competitive intermediate during the production of biofuel and valuable aromatic compounds, was studied using pure alumina, as well as alumina ...impregnated with iron and platinum oxides both individually and in combination, using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The bimetallic sample exhibited the lowest desorption percentage for furfural. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging revealed the intimate connection between the iron and platinum oxide species on the alumina support. The mechanism of furfural desorption from the Pt-Fe/Al₂O₃ 0.5%-0.5% sample was determined using physisorbed furfural instead of chemisorbed furfural; this mechanism involved the oxidation of the C=O group on furfural by the catalyst. The oxide nanoparticles on γ-Al₂O₃ support helped to stabilize the furfural molecule on the surface.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The protozoan parasite
is exposed to reactive oxygen and nitric oxide species that have the potential to damage its genome.
harbors enzymes involved in DNA repair pathways like Base and Nucleotide ...Excision Repair. The majority of DNA repairs pathways converge in their final step in which a DNA ligase seals the DNA nicks. In contrast to other eukaryotes, the genome of
encodes only one DNA ligase (EhDNAligI), suggesting that this ligase is involved in both DNA replication and DNA repair. Therefore, the aim of this work was to characterize EhDNAligI, its ligation fidelity and its ability to ligate opposite DNA mismatches and oxidative DNA lesions, and to study its expression changes and localization during and after recovery from UV and H
O
treatment. We found that EhDNAligI is a high-fidelity DNA ligase on canonical substrates and is able to discriminate erroneous base-pairing opposite DNA lesions. EhDNAligI expression decreases after DNA damage induced by UV and H
O
treatments, but it was upregulated during recovery time. Upon oxidative DNA damage, EhDNAligI relocates into the nucleus where it co-localizes with EhPCNA and the 8-oxoG adduct. The appearance and disappearance of 8-oxoG during and after both treatments suggest that DNA damaged was efficiently repaired because the mainly NER and BER components are expressed in this parasite and some of them were modulated after DNA insults. All these data disclose the relevance of EhDNAligI as a specialized and unique ligase in
that may be involved in DNA repair of the 8-oxoG lesions.
In this work, a new methodology for the synthesis of three-component polymers (TCPs) was developed using a seeded, semi-continuous free-radical emulsion polymerization towards the optimization of the ...moduli-ultimate deformation performance and energy dissipation capacity for a styrene (S), n-butyl acrylate (BA), and 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) system. The three components were sequentially fed in pairs, varying feed composition along the conversion using S as the common monomer. To prepare a reference material, an industrial method was utilized with those monomers, using an equivalent global composition in a two-stage batch process (TS). Nanophase formation in the particles was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while the separation of the phases in the solid samples was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The changes in glass transition temperature were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The latter was primarily used to compare mechanodynamic properties as a function of temperature for the two synthesis methods used. Thus, the higher toughness of the forced composition three-component polymeric materials was evaluated by means of their energy dissipation capacity, toughness, and stress-strain measurements at several temperatures.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Ni- and Cu/alumina powders were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and N₂ physisorption isotherms were also determined. The Ni/Al₂O₃ sample ...reveled agglomerated (1 μm) of nanoparticles of Ni (30-80 nm) however, NiO particles were also identified, probably for the low temperature during the H
reduction treatment (350 °C), the Cu/Al₂O₃ sample presented agglomerates (1-1.5 μm) of nanoparticles (70-150 nm), but only of pure copper. Both surface morphologies were different, but resulted in mesoporous material, with a higher specificity for the Ni sample. The surfaces were used in a new proposal for producing copper and nickel phthalocyanines using a parallel-plate reactor. Phthalonitrile was used and metallic particles were deposited on alumina in ethanol solution with CH₃ONa at low temperatures; ≤60 °C. The mass-transfer was evaluated in reaction testing with a recent three-resistance model. The kinetics were studied with a Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The activation energy and Thiele modulus revealed a slow surface reaction. The nickel sample was the most active, influenced by the NiO morphology and phthalonitrile adsorption.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
To compare the prevalence, risk factors and perinatal outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) for Mexican adolescent population when applying different diagnostic criteria based on ...the 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, as established by three international guidelines.
Materials and methods
Comparative, observational, and retrospective study, which included pregnant women under 19 years, who underwent screening for GDM in our center. Data were obtained from the hospital’s electronic records and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The
X
2
test was used to compare group proportions. Statistical significance was set at
p
≤
0.05
.
Results
A total of 999 adolescents were screened for GDM. The observed prevalence was 3%, 14.4%, and 29.3% when using the Fifth International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (FIWC), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE-2015), and International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria, respectively. Of our sample, 42.5% presented at least one risk factor. An association was observed regarding the need for cesarean section in patients with GDM diagnosed through IADPSG criteria (OR = 1.35,
p
= 0.04). On the other hand, the use of the FIWC and NICE standards showed an association between GDM and obstetric hemorrhage (OR = 17.8,
p
= 0.000, and OR = 4.8,
p
= 0.01, respectively) and preeclampsia with severity criteria (OR = 5.1,
p
= 0.001, and OR = 2.4,
P
= 0.025, respectively).
Conclusions
The prevalence of GDM in adolescents is high, and we can conclude that the prevalence varies based on which international diagnostic guideline is applied. While there is an association with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, obstetric hemorrhage, and the need for cesarean section, this requires further evaluation.
•Multiple Sclerosis is the central nervous system's most common demyelinating disease.•Both, physical limitations and disorders that affect mood, can influence Multiple Sclerosis patients perceived ...discrimination against them.•Multiple Sclerosis Patients perceived discrimination is associated with depressive symptoms.•Perceived discrimination in patients with multiple sclerosis is an issue that worries health personnel.
Multiple Sclerosis is the central nervous system's most common demyelinating disease and the second leading cause of neurological disability in young adults. Its natural development involves physical and cognitive impairment. Patients commonly perceive discrimination against them, regardless of its occurrence, accepting it as an inherent part of the disease.
This study aimed to determine the association between perceived discrimination and the depressive symptoms and physical disability present in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, treated at the Demyelinating Diseases Clinic of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 98 patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained through clinical interviews. The severity of the disease was determined using the Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS), depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and perceived discrimination was rated using the King Internalized Stigma Scale.
The studied sample's mean age was 36.3 years, schooling 13.6 years, symptoms onset was at 26.2 years (with a delay in diagnosis of 3.2 years), and a disease evolution of 10.9 years. 71.4% were single; 52% had an unpaid work activity and 57.1% were women.
The EDSS average was 3.5 points; 24.5% presented moderate to severe depressive symptoms and 53.1% referred perceived discrimination.
Perceived discrimination in patients with multiple sclerosis was associated with earlier disease onset, depressive symptoms, and the lack of caregivers. Medical care and life quality improvement for this vulnerable group require greater education regarding the disease and the establishment of patient support programs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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