Despite numerous scientific advances, cancer continues to be one of the main causes of death in the world. This situation has driven the search for promising molecules. Lichen substances have been ...widely described for their pharmacological potential.
The present study evaluated the antitumour potential of a depsidone isolated from
- salazinic acid (SAL) - through
,
and
studies.
The molecule was isolated from the acetonic extract of the lichen and recrystallized in acetone. The macrophage J774, sarcoma-180 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were used for the MTT cytotoxicity assay. The antitumor assay used a murine model (Swiss albino mice) with sarcoma-180. The animals were treated for seven consecutive days with doses of SAL (25 and 50 mg/kg) and 5-fluorouracil (20 mg/kg).
Its purity was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (94%), and its structure was confirmed by H
and C
nuclear magnetic resonance. SAL was not considered toxic to cancer cell lines, showing cell viability rates of 79.49 ± 4.15% and 86.88 ± 1.02% for sarcoma-180 and MDA-MB-231, respectively. The tumour inhibition rate was greater than 80% in the animals treated with SAL and 65% for those that received 5-fluorouracil. Simulations of molecular dynamics to estimate the flexibility of the interactions between human thymidylate synthase and derivatives of SAL and 5-fluorouracil revealed that SAL exhibited greater enzymatic interaction capacity, with highly favourable energy, compared to 5-fluorouracil.
The present results demonstrate the potential of salazinic acid as a tumour inhibition agent.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activities of nerolidol. The antioxidant activity of nerolidol was determined using the total antioxidant ...activity method. Antibacterial activity was performed using the microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against seven standard strains of the ATCC and four bacterial clinical isolates with a resistance profile, following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The antibiofilm activity of nerolidol was performed using the crystal violet method. The results of the antioxidant test revealed a total antioxidant activity of 93.94%. Nerolidol inhibited the growth of
Staphylococcus aureus
(MIC = 1 mg/mL),
Streptococcus mutans
(MIC = 4 mg/mL),
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(MIC = 0.5 mg/mL), and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(MIC = 0.5 mg/mL). For clinical isolates, nerolidol showed an inhibitory potential against multidrug-resistant
P. aeruginosa
,
K. pneumoniae
carbapenemase (MIC = 0.5 mg/mL), methicillin-susceptible
S. aureus
(MIC = 2 mg/mL), and methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MIC = 2 mg/mL). Nerolidol showed similar antibacterial activity against ATCC strains and hospital clinical isolates with resistance profile, suggesting that even though these strains are resistant to antibiotics, they are still sensitive to nerolidol. Nerolidol exerted a dose-dependent effect on the inhibition of biofilm formation, even at subinhibitory concentrations. Nerolidol inhibited bacterial biofilms of ATCC strains at a rate ranging from 51 to 98%, at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 4 mg/mL. For clinical bacterial isolates, biofilm inhibition ranged from 6 to 60%. Therefore, the present study showed the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm properties of nerolidol.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Himatanthus drasticus is a tree popularly known as janaguba. Endemic to Brazil, it is found in the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes, rock fields, and rainforests. Janaguba latex has been used in folk ...medicine for its antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antiallergic activities. However, studies investigating the safety of its use for medicinal purposes are limited.
Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of the latex extracted from H. drasticus.
The latex was extracted from H. drasticus specimens by removing a small area of bark (5 × 30 cm) and then dissolving the exudate in water and lyophilizing it. Phytochemical screening was performed by TLC and GC-MS, protein, and carbohydrate levels. Cell viability was performed by the MTT method. Acute oral toxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity assays were performed in mice.
TLC showed the presence of saponins and reducing sugars, as well as steroids and terpenes. The GC-MS analysis of the nonpolar fraction identified lupeol acetate, betulin, and α/β-amyrin derivatives as the major compounds. The latex was toxic to S-180 cells at 50 and 100 μg/mL. No signals of toxicity or mutagenicity was found in mice treated with 2000 mg/kg of the latex, but genotoxicity was observed in the Comet assay.
H. drasticus latex showed toxicity signals at high doses (2000 mg/kg). Although the latex was not mutagenic to mice, it was genotoxic in the Comet assay in our experimental conditions. Even testing a limit dose of 2000 mg/kg, which is between 10 to 35-fold the amount used in folk medicine, caution must be taken since there is no safe level for genotoxic compounds exposure. Further studies on the toxicological aspects of H. drasticus latex are necessary to elucidate its possible mechanisms of genotoxicity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The fibrinolytic enzyme produced by Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262 was obtained by solid fermentation and purified by ion exchange chromatography using DEAE-Sephadex A50. The enzyme toxicity was ...evaluated using mammalian cell lineages: HEK-293, J774.A1, Sarcoma-180 and PBMCs which appeared to be viable at a level of 80%. The biochemical parameters of the mice treated with an acute dose of enzyme (2000 mg/mL) identified alterations of AST and ALT and the histomorphometric analysis of the liver showed a loss of endothelial cells (P < 0.001). However, these changes are considered minimal to affirm that there was a significant degree of hepatotoxicity. The comet assay and the micronucleus test did not identify damage in the DNA of the erythrocytes of the animals treated. The protease did not degrade the Aα and Bβ chains of human and bovine fibrinogens, thus indicating that it does not act as anticoagulant, but rather as a fibrinolytic agent. The assay performed to assess blood biocompatibility shows that at dose of 0.3–5 mg/mL the hemolytic grade is considered insignificant. Moreover, the enzyme did not prolong bleeding time in mice when dosed with 1 mg/kg. These results indicate that this enzyme produced is a potential competitor for developing novel antithrombotic drugs.
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•The enzyme toxicity was investigated.•This protease has to hemostatic safety compared to other anticoagulant agents.•Appears to be a direct acting fibrinolytic agent.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The objective of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of organic extracts of P. moniliformis in vitro and identify the acute toxicity and genotoxicity in vivo. The leaves were extracted using ...three organic solvents (cyclohexane EP1, ethyl acetate EP2, and methanol EP3). Phytochemical qualitative analysis was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Cytotoxicity tests were performed on human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and J774 murine macrophages. Acute toxicity in mice was measured after intraperitoneal (ip) administration of 2000 mg/kg, while evaluation of genotoxicity and mutagenicity were assessed using the comet assay and the micronucleus (MN) test, respectively. The TLC analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, and saponins. In the cytotoxicity assay, extracts EP1 and EP3 altered proliferation of HEK cells, and all organic extracts increased the viability of J774 cells. In the toxicity tests, no deaths or behavioral alterations were observed in mice exposed to the acute dose of the extracts. Although some extracts led to changes in hematological and histological parameters, these results did not indicate physiological changes. In relation to the MN test and comet assay, no significant changes were detected in the DNA of the animals tested with the extracts EP1, EP2, and EP3. Thus, extracts of P. moniliformis were not considered to be toxic and did not induce formation of MN or damage to cellular DNA in the genotoxicity tests.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) é uma Doença Crônica Não Transmissível (DCNT) que pode ser causada por fatores de risco não modificáveis e modificáveis. Dentre os minerais, o potássio tem ...demonstrado uma função importante no controle da pressão arterial. Diante disso, o objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão narrativa de literatura acerca da importância do potássio na dieta sobre a regulação da pressão arterial. Para tanto, foram utilizadas para a pesquisa, as bases de dados Periódicos Capes e livro do período entre 2004 e 2022. Dentre os principais achados científicos, foi evidenciado que, o aumento da ingestão de potássio através do consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras que são os alimentos com maiores concentrações desse mineral contribui para a prevenção e o tratamento da HAS, pois, uma ingestão de potássio de 3,5 g/dia a 4,7 g/dia demonstra ter efeitos diretos na diminuição da pressão arterial.
A Educação a Distância (EaD) é uma modalidade educacional caracterizada pela utilização de recursos tecnológicos na mediação didático-pedagógica dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem, pois as ...atividades educativas realizadas por estudantes e professores acontecem em lugares e tempos diferentes. O objetivo do estudo foi realizar através de uma revisão literatura, a caracterização e relevância da EaD no ensino. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa utilizando os descritores: educação a distância, tecnologias, cursos, ensino, e aprendizagem nos idiomas português e inglês. As publicações incluídas foram dos anos de 2001 a 2020. Verificou-se que a EaD é uma modalidade promissora e gerou muitos benefícios para o ensino contribuindo na implementação de projetos educacionais e incentivando no desenvolvimento de habilidades dos estudantes (autonomia com os estudos e gerenciamento de tempo para estudar). Porém, alguns desafios precisam ser enfrentados nesta modalidade, sobretudo em relação a utilização correta dos recursos tecnológicos por docentes e estudantes e também o incentivo a promover ambientes de interação nas plataformas EaD para assegurar uma aprendizagem colaborativa e de qualidade.
As Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição Escolares (UANE) têm como função primordial produzir refeições que atendam às necessidades nutricionais dos estudantes e que sejam seguras para o consumo. Para ...isso, faz-se necessária a realização dos procedimentos de boas práticas para serviços de alimentação, com a finalidade de garantir as condições higiênico-sanitárias do alimento preparado. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) de duas UANE de Pernambuco. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa do tipo quantitativa e qualitativa com base em um checklist de verificação de BPF, apresentando módulos preconizados na RDC n° 216/2004, para uma produção de alimentos com qualidade. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que, ambas as escolas ao serem avaliadas apresentaram um percentual acima de 90% quanto as conformidades das BPF, o que evidencia uma boa qualidade na produção das refeições das instituições de ensino.
A quantidade de restaurantes tem aumentado significativamente devido ao padrão alimentar da sociedade que tem sido caracterizado pela diminuição da frequência da realização das refeições em casa. ...Devido a isso, cada vez mais a sustentabilidade ambiental tem se tornado importante na produção de refeições em serviços de alimentação, pois, através das atividades consideradas ecologicamente sustentáveis reduz-se o impacto ao meio ambiente. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo foi identificar evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre a importância da sustentabilidade ambiental na produção de refeições. Para a pesquisa, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura e foram definidos os descritores (sustentabilidade, nutrição, serviços de alimentação, unidade de alimentação e nutrição e refeições) para a localização dos estudos. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos científicos completos em português, publicados entre os anos de 2016 e 2020. Foram avaliados 7 artigos na íntegra e nenhum versou sobre a questão do estudo, o que demonstra a necessidade do desenvolvimento de um maior quantitativo de pesquisas científicas nacionais sobre a relevância da sustentabilidade ambiental na produção de refeições.
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