The approved amphibole nomenclature of the International Mineralogical Association has been revised to simplify it and include new amphibole species and make it more consistent with divisions.
Gallid herpesvirus-1 (GaHV-1), commonly named infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) virus, causes the respiratory disease in chickens known as ILT. The molecular determinants associated with differences ...in pathogenicity of GaHV-1 strains are not completely understood, and a comparison of genomic sequences of isolates that belong to different genotypes could help identify genes involved in virulence. Dideoxy sequencing, 454 pyrosequencing and Illumina sequencing-by-synthesis were used to determine the nucleotide sequences of four genotypes of virulent strains from GaHV-1 groups I–VI. Three hundred and twenty-five open reading frames (ORFs) were compared with those of the recently sequenced genome of the Serva vaccine strain. Only four ORFs, ORF C, UL37, ICP4 and US2 differed in amino acid (aa) lengths among the newly sequenced genomes. Genome sequence alignments were used to identify two regions (5′ terminus and the unique short/repeat short junction) that contained deletions. Seventy-eight synonymous and 118 non-synonymous amino acid substitutions were identified with the examined ORFs. Exclusive to the genome of the Serva vaccine strain, seven non-synonymous mutations were identified in the predicted translation products of the genes encoding glycoproteins gB, gE, gL and gM and three non-structural proteins UL28 (DNA packaging protein), UL5 (helicase-primase) and the immediate early protein ICP4. Furthermore, our comparative sequence analysis of published and newly sequenced GaHV-1 isolates has provided evidence placing the cleavage/packaging site (a-like sequence) within the inverted repeats instead of its placement at the 3′ end of the UL region as annotated in the GenBank’s entries NC006623 and HQ630064.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Na(+) channel clustering at nodes of Ranvier in the developing rat optic nerve was analyzed to determine mechanisms of localization, including the possible requirement for glial contact in vivo. ...Immunofluorescence labeling for myelin-associated glycoprotein and for the protein Caspr, a component of axoglial junctions, indicated that oligodendrocytes were present, and paranodal structures formed, as early as postnatal day 7 (P7). However, the first Na(+) channel clusters were not seen until P9. Most of these were broad, and all were excluded from paranodal regions of axoglial contact. The number of detected Na(+) channel clusters increased rapidly from P12 to P22. During this same period, conduction velocity increased sharply, and Na(+) channel clusters became much more focal. To test further whether oligodendrocyte contact directly influences Na(+) channel distributions, nodes of Ranvier in the hypomyelinating mouse Shiverer were examined. This mutant has oligodendrocyte-ensheathed axons but lacks compact myelin and normal axoglial junctions. During development Na(+) channel clusters in Shiverer mice were reduced in numbers and were in aberrant locations. The subcellular location of Caspr was disrupted, and nerve conduction properties remained immature. These results indicate that in vivo, Na(+) channel clustering at nodes depends not only on the presence of oligodendrocytes but also on specific axoglial contact at paranodal junctions. In rats, ankyrin-3/G, a cytoskeletal protein implicated in Na(+) channel clustering, was detected before Na(+) channel immunoreactivity but extended into paranodes in non-nodal distributions. In Shiverer, ankyrin-3/G labeling was abnormal, suggesting that its localization also depends on axoglial contact.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) procedures are usually employed during the different building design phases. The first one is mainly related to the environment protection, ...while the second to the costs control and optimization. This paper aims to define a procedure to "translate" LCA results into an economic evaluation, typical of LCC. The goal is to support the decision-making process in the early-design phase for providing design guidance and monitoring, effectively and timely. This approach can lead to a comparison and choice among different structural technological solutions by focusing both on environmental impacts and on economic costs. LCA and LCC analyses have been carried out evaluating some construction solutions for residential buildings, considering the economic consequence of environmental impact (monetization of carbon emission). This article presents two methods: the first suggests a quantification from an economic point of view the carbon emission during the life cycle of building components through a "carbon tax"; the second one evaluates the "eco-cost" as a Virtual Pollution Prevention Cost (VPPC). Finally, the two methods were applied and compared on a case study, in order to define the possible outcomes on the building construction sector and on public policies.
Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) is a deadly vector-borne, neglected tropical disease found in West and Central Africa targeted for elimination of transmission (EoT) by 2030. The recent ...pandemic has illustrated how it can be important to quantify the impact that unplanned disruption to programme activities may have in achieving EoT. We used a previously developed model of gHAT fitted to data from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the country with the highest global case burden, to explore how interruptions to intervention activities, due to e.g. COVID-19, Ebola or political instability, could impact progress towards EoT and gHAT burden. We simulated transmission and reporting dynamics in 38 regions within Kwilu, Mai Ndombe and Kwango provinces under six interruption scenarios lasting for nine or twenty-one months. Included in the interruption scenarios are the cessation of active screening in all scenarios and a reduction in passive detection rates and a delay or suspension of vector control deployments in some scenarios. Our results indicate that, even under the most extreme 21-month interruption scenario, EoT is not predicted to be delayed by more than one additional year compared to the length of the interruption. If existing vector control deployments continue, we predict no delay in achieving EoT even when both active and passive screening activities are interrupted. If passive screening remains as functional as in 2019, we expect a marginal negative impact on transmission, however this depends on the strength of passive screening in each health zone. We predict a pronounced increase in additional gHAT disease burden (morbidity and mortality) in many health zones if both active and passive screening were interrupted compared to the interruption of active screening alone. The ability to continue existing vector control during medical activity interruption is also predicted to avert a moderate proportion of disease burden.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The spin structure function of the neutron ital gsub 1sup ital n has been determined over the range 0.03ltital xlt0.6 at an average ital Qsup 2 of 2 (GeV/ital c)sup 2 by measuring the asymmetry in ...deep inelastic scattering of polarized electrons from a polarized sup 3He target at energies between 19 and 26 GeV. The integral of the neutron spin structure function is found to be integralsub 0sup 1ital gsub 1sup ital n(ital x)ital dx=minus0.022plus minus0.011. Earlier reported proton results together with the Bjorken sum rule predict integralsub 0sup 1ital gsub 1sup ital n(ital x)ital dx=minus0.059plus minus0.019.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
We report on a precision measurement of the neutron spin structure function g1ng^n_1g1n using deep inelastic scattering of polarized electrons by polarized ^3He. For the kinematic range 0.014<x<0.7 ...and 1 (GeV/c)^2< Q^2< 17 (GeV/c)^2, we obtain ∫0.0140.7g1n(x)dx=−0.036±0.004(stat)±0.005(syst)\int^{0.7}_{0.014} g^n_1(x)dx = -0.036 \pm 0.004 (stat) \pm 0.005 (syst)∫0.0140.7g1n(x)dx=−0.036±0.004(stat)±0.005(syst) at an average Q2=5(GeV/c)2Q^2=5 (GeV/c)^2Q2=5(GeV/c)2. We find relatively large negative values for g1ng^n_1g1n at low xxx. The results call into question the usual Regge theory method for extrapolating to x=0 to find the full neutron integral ∫01g1n(x)dx\int^1_0 g^n_1(x)dx∫01g1n(x)dx, needed for testing quark-parton model and QCD sum rules. (arXiv)
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Pantothenate kinase (PanK) is the key regulatory enzyme in the CoA biosynthetic pathway. The PanK gene fromEscherichia coli (coaA) has been previously cloned and the enzyme biochemically ...characterized; highly related genes exist in other prokaryotes. We isolated a PanK cDNA clone from the eukaryotic fungus Aspergillus nidulans by functional complementation of a temperature-sensitive E. coli PanK mutant. The cDNA clone allowed the isolation of the genomic clone and the characterization of the A. nidulans gene designatedpanK. The panK gene is located on chromosome 3 (linkage group III), is interrupted by three small introns, and is expressed constitutively. The amino acid sequence of A. nidulans PanK (aPanK) predicted a subunit size of 46.9 kDa and bore little resemblance to its bacterial counterpart, whereas a highly related protein was detected in the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contrast to E. coli PanK (bPanK), which is regulated by CoA and to a lesser extent by its thioesters, aPanK activity was selectively and potently inhibited by acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA inhibition of aPanK was competitive with respect to ATP. Thus, the eukaryotic PanK has a distinct primary structure and unique regulatory properties that clearly distinguish it from its prokaryotic counterpart.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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