Self‐reflection is broadly considered a core competency for psychologists; however, there is an absence of measures of self‐reflection, limiting the extent to which self‐reflection can be assessed in ...both research and practice contexts. Whilst the Self‐Reflection and Insight Scale (Grant et al., 2002) has been validated in a range of formats with different populations, it has not yet been validated with psychologists. Further, the psychometric properties of a short version of the scale (Silvia, 2021) have not been examined for use with psychologists. This study tested the factor structure, internal consistency and convergent and divergent validity of the Self‐Reflection and Insight Scale with registered psychologists (N = 123), finding both the full scale and short version to have sound psychometrics. However, as there were low loading items across both versions of the measure, and the short version also excluded high‐loading items, the SRIS‐Revised (SRIS‐R) was formed through model improvement, retaining a total of 14 items. This revised version of the scale captures high loading items without redundancy of low‐loading items, resulting in a measure that parsimoniously captures the construct of self‐reflection as relevant to psychologists. The SRIS‐R demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .882), convergent, divergent and construct validity. Scores on the SRIS‐R were used to test whether there was a correlation between self‐reflection and years of professional registration, with this not being significant.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia can reach 1 to 2 standard deviations below healthy controls. The comparative effect of typical and atypical antipsychotic medications on neurocognition is ...controversial, and based primarily on studies with small samples and large doses of typical comparator medications. The present study assessed neurocognitive efficacy. It was hypothesized that olanzapine treatment would improve neurocognitive deficits to a greater degree than either risperidone or haloperidol treatment. This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel study with neurocognition assessed at baseline, and 8, 24, and 52 weeks. Per protocol, the haloperidol arm was discontinued. Four hundred and fourteen inpatients or outpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder were treated with oral olanzapine (
n
=
159), risperidone (
n
=
158), or haloperidol (
n
=
97). Individual domains (executive function, learning and memory, processing speed, attention/vigilance, verbal working memory, verbal fluency, motor function, and visuospatial ability) were transformed into composite scores and compared between treatment groups. At the 52-week endpoint, neurocognition significantly improved in each group (
p
<
0.01 for olanzapine and risperidone,
p
=
0.04 for haloperidol), with no significant differences between groups. Olanzapine- and risperidone-treated patients significantly (
p
<
0.05) improved on domains of executive function, learning/memory, processing speed, attention/vigilance, verbal working memory, and motor functions. Additionally, risperidone-treated patients improved on domains of visuospatial memory. Haloperidol-treated patients improved only on domains of learning/memory. However, patients able to remain in treatment for the entire 52 weeks benefited more from olanzapine or risperidone treatment than haloperidol treatment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Background:
Anosognosia, or unawareness of one’s deficits, is estimated to occur in 25% to 50% of Huntington disease (HD). The relationship between anosognosia and increased caregiver burden found in ...other dementias has not been determined in HD.
Methods:
Patient–caregiver dyads presenting to a statewide HD clinic were assessed using the Anosognosia Scale and grouped into “anosognosia” and “no anosognosia.” Caregiver burden, measured by Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), demographic data, and Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale, including Mini-Mental State Examination, Stroop, Trail Making, Verbal Fluency, and Symbol Digit Modalities Tests, were compared between groups.
Results:
Of the 38 patients recruited, 10 (26.3%) met criteria for anosognosia. Patients with anosognosia elicited higher caregiver burden ratings on both the ZBI (mean difference 16.4 12.1, P < .001) and CBI (16.7 15.0, P < .005) while also demonstrating poorer executive function. Except for CAG burden score, between-group characteristics did not differ significantly. Stroop Interference predicted both anosognosia and caregiver burden.
Conclusions:
In HD, anosognosia is associated with greater caregiver burden and executive deficits. Its occurrence should prompt further patient assessment and increased caregiver support.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Myosin VI is a molecular motor involved in intracellular vesicle and organelle transport. To carry out its cellular functions myosin VI moves toward the pointed end of actin, backward in relation to ...all other characterized myosins. Myosin V, a motor that moves toward the barbed end of actin, is processive, undergoing multiple catalytic cycles and mechanical advances before it releases from actin. Here we show that myosin VI is also processive by using single molecule motility and optical trapping experiments. Remarkably, myosin VI takes much larger steps than expected, based on a simple lever-arm mechanism, for a myosin with only one light chain in the lever-arm domain. Unlike other characterized myosins, myosin VI stepping is highly irregular with a broad distribution of step sizes.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Highlights • An AHI > 5 was seen in 10 of 20 subjects attending a sickle cell disease clinic. • Elevated AHI correlated with systolic BP, mitral valve E/A ratio, and QoL scores. • Hypoxemia occurred ...in some subjects independently from sleep apnea events. • Results suggest further study with larger subject numbers is warranted.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The diode ideality factor (m) and the series resistance (Rs) of a Si solar cell represent two critical performance-indicator parameters of the device. Since both m and Rs are functions of voltage (V) ...and temperature (T), simultaneous electrical measurements of these parameters under variable conditions of V and T can often be difficult with traditional direct current (D.C.) techniques. Using the electro-analytical method of linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and a commonly available Si solar cell, we explore these specific confines of such D.C. measurements. The results are compared with those obtained from a parallel set of alternating current (A.C.) measurements using impedance spectroscopy (IS). LSV provides the main D.C. parameters (open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor, and efficiency) of the cell, but is limited in terms of independently measuring m and Rs beyond strong forward biased conditions. The IS approach is free of the latter experimental constraints, and at the same time can provide several other important electrical parameters of the solar cell. Specifically, IS detects the presence of a low-high (p–p+) junction at the back surface of the cell, and serves as an efficient probe of certain electrical characteristics of this junction.
•Electro-analytical probes can measure the device parameters of a Si solar cell.•A.C. impedance spectroscopy directly measures the solar cell's series resistance.•The diode ideality factor is quantitatively determined using D.C. voltammetry.•The interplaying roles of the cell voltage and temperature are examined.•The back surface field of the solar cell is examined with impedance spectroscopy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of tantalum nitride is an essential step of material processing in the fabrication of integrated circuits. This CMP step often involves the chemical formation ...of a structurally weak oxide-complex film on the wafer surface, followed by selective removal of the film with mechanical abrasion under reduced loading. The present work investigates certain chemical aspects of this strategy of TaN-CMP by using guanidine carbonate (GC) as a surface complexing agent, and employing electrochemical experiments. The experiments are designed to study the chemical and electrochemical origins of the CMP-specific surface complex films formed on a TaN wafer in acidic solutions of GC and hydrogen peroxide. Open circuit potential, polarization resistance, and electrochemical impedance measurements are employed to probe the surface effects that facilitate material removal in chemically prevailing CMP of TaN. The results are discussed in view of designing slurry variables to support barrier layer planarization with reduced roles of mechanical abrasion.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Abstract
The International Mineralogical Association's approved amphibole nomenclature has been revised in order to simplify it, make it more consistent with divisions generally at 50%, define ...prefixes and modifiers more precisely and include new amphibole species discovered and named since 1978, when the previous scheme was approved. The same reference axes form the basis of the new scheme and most names are little changed but compound species names like tremolitic hornblende (now magnesiohornblende) are abolished and also crossite (now glaucophane or ferroglaucophane or magnesioriebeckite or riebeckite), tirodite (now manganocummingtonite) and dannemorite (now manganogrunerite). The 50% rule has been broken only to retain tremolite and actinolite as in the 1978 scheme so the sodic calcic amphibole range has therefore been expanded. Alkali amphiboles are now sodic amphiboles. The use of hyphens is defined. New amphibole names approved since 1978 include nyböite, leakeite, kornite, ungarettiite, sadanagaite and cannilloite. All abandoned names are listed. The formulae and source of the amphibole end member names are listed and procedures outlined to calculate Fe
3+
and Fe
2+
when not determined by analysis.
► This work contributes to the development of CMP slurries for Ta and Cu at low pressure. ► We present here a model of the chemical mechanism of the CMP of Ta and Cu using guanidine slurries. ► ...Removal of Ta occurs as structurally weak guanidinium–tantalic-acid surface complexes. ► The results will be useful for the CMP processing of interconnects with low-k dielectrics. ► We demonstrate the utility of electro-analytical techniques in the development of CMP slurries.
The fabrication of interconnect structures for semiconductor devices requires low down-pressure chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of Ta barrier layers. Guanidine carbonate (GC) serves as an effective surface-complexing agent for such CMP applications, where the rate of Ta removal can be chemically controlled through pH-tuned selectivity with respect to the removal of Cu lines. Electrochemical techniques are employed in this work to study the surface-modifying roles of GC that make this chemical an attractive complexing agent for Ta CMP. In addition, the effects of including H
2O
2 (an oxidizer) and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA, a dissolution inhibitor for Cu) in GC-based CMP solutions are investigated to examine the selective CMP mechanisms of Ta and Cu in these solutions. The results suggest that the removal of Ta is supported in part by structurally weak guanidinium–tantalic-acid surface complexes formed on Ta/Ta
2O
5. The bicarbonate/carbonate anions of GC also facilitate Ta removal through the generation of ion-incorporated tantalum pentoxide. DBSA strongly affects the CMP chemistry of Cu, but exhibits relatively weaker effects on the surface activity of Ta, and thus plays a vital role in dictating the selectivity of Ta:Cu polish rates.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Neurocognitive deficits are severe in first-episode psychosis.
Patients (
N = 263) with first-episode psychosis (schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or schizophreniform disorders) were randomly assigned ...to double-blind treatment with olanzapine (mean 11.30 mg/day) or haloperidol (mean 4.87 mg/day) for 104 weeks. A neurocognitive battery was administered at baseline (
n = 246) and 12 (
n = 167), 24 (
n = 126), 52 (
n = 89), and 104 (
n = 46) weeks during treatment. Weighted principal component and unweighted composite scores were derived from individual tests.
Both treatment groups demonstrated significant improvement on both composite scores. On the basis of the weighted composite score, olanzapine had greater improvement than haloperidol only at 12 (
p = .014) and 24 (
p = .029) weeks. For the unweighted composite, olanzapine had significantly better improvement compared with haloperidol only at week 12 (
p = .044). At week 12 only, olanzapine improved performance on the Digit Symbol and Continuous Performance Test significantly more than haloperidol.
Both antipsychotic agents appeared to improve neurocognitive functioning among first-episode psychosis patients with schizophrenia. A significantly greater benefit in terms of neurocognitive improvement was found with olanzapine than with haloperidol at weeks 12 and 24.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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