Abstract
Introduction:
The neuroanatomy discipline is seen by students as one of the most complex and difficult of the basic cycle in health courses. This is taught with lectures and practical ...classes, where in the last one, the use is made of corpse parts. However, the use of this type of material has been decreasing making it professors and monitors search for new alternatives. One of these alternatives is the manufacture and the use of neuroanatomical models that assist and facilitate the understanding of practical teaching and learning. The study aims to manufacture neuroanatomical models alternative for the practical Neuroanatomy classes.
Materials and Methods:
The study is an action research, exploratory, descriptive, where were made neuroanatomical models in the Human Anatomy Laboratory at the University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, with cheap materials in order to improve learning in practical teaching. The confections of these models were made with polystyrene, biscuit dough, string, colored acrylic paint, ink colored oil, rubberized, cardboard and plaster bandages.
Results:
Were made ten neuroanatomical parts that corresponding to the spinal cord, reticular formation and the dermatomes of the limbs.
Conclusion:
It was observed that the manufacturing of these models is necessary for conducting practical classes being possible elaborate them with quality at low cost, being an alternative in front of real difficulties in obtaining corpse parts and being a strong tool in the teaching and learning of the Neuroanatomy discipline. But regardless of the alternatives utilized, the confection of models will never replace the use of corpse parts.
We investigated the microbiota found in the vaginas of Holstein dairy cows during the transition period and described the differences in bacterial composition and total bacterial load (TBL) ...associated with disease and fertility. Vaginal swabs were collected at −7, 0, 3, and 7 d relative to parturition from 111 dairy cows housed on a commercial dairy farm near Ithaca, New York. Microbiota were characterized by next-generation DNA sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, and TBL was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. We applied repeated-measures ANOVA to evaluate the associations of uterine disease and related risk factors with the microbiota and TBL. We estimated phylum-specific bacterial load by multiplying the TBL by the relative abundance of each phylum observed in the metagenomics results. We confirmed the validity of this approach for estimating bacterial load by enumerating the number of bacteria in an artificial sample mixed in vitro and in clinical and healthy vaginal samples. Phyla associated with uterine disease and related risk factors were Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Cows with retained placenta and healthy cows had similar TBL at the day of parturition, but at d 7 postpartum, cows with retained placenta showed a significantly higher TBL, mainly driven by higher estimated loads of Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Cows diagnosed with metritis had a significantly higher estimated load of Proteobacteria at d −7 and at calving and higher estimated loads of Fusobacteria in the postpartum samples. Additionally, the estimated load of Bacteroidetes at d 7 postpartum was higher for cows diagnosed with endometritis at 35 days in milk. Higher estimated loads of Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes were also evident in cows with postpartum fever, in primiparous cows, in cows with assisted parturition, and in cows that gave birth to twins. Our findings demonstrated that microbiota composition and TBL were associated with known periparturient risk factors of uterine diseases and reproductive failure, including parity, assisted parturition, and retained fetal membranes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In July 2002 the VELETA‐2002 field campaign was held in Sierra Nevada (Granada) in the south of Spain. The main objectives of this field campaign were the study of the influence of elevation and ...atmospheric aerosols on measured UV radiation. In the first stage of the field campaign, a common calibration and intercomparison between Licor‐1800 spectroradiometers and Cimel‐318 Sun photometers was performed in order to assess the quality of the measurements from the whole campaign. The intercomparison of the Licor spectroradiometers showed, for both direct and global irradiances, that when the comparisons were restricted to the visible part of the spectrum the deviations were within the instruments' nominal accuracies which allows us to rely on these instruments for measuring physical properties of aerosols at the different measurement stations. A simultaneous calibration on AOD data was performed for the Cimel‐318 Sun photometers. When a common calibration and methodology was applied, the deviation was lowered to much less than 0.01 for AOD. At the same time an intercomparison has been made between the AOD values given by the spectroradiometers and the Sun photometers, with deviations obtained from 0.01 to 0.03 for the AOD in the visible range, depending on the channel. In the UVA range, the AOD uncertainty was estimated to be around 0.02 and 0.05 for Cimel and Licor respectively. In general the experimental differences were in agreement with this uncertainty estimation. In the UVB range the AOD measurements should not be used due to maximum instrumental uncertainties.
Here we describe MyGene2, Geno2MP, VariantMatcher, and Franklin; databases that provide variant‐level information and phenotypic features to researchers, clinicians, healthcare providers and ...patients. Following the footsteps of the Matchmaker Exchange project that connects exome, genome, and phenotype databases at the gene level, these databases have as one goal to facilitate connection to one another using Data Connect, a standard for discovery and search of biomedical data from the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH).
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) show phenotypic and genotypic variability. Autosomal recessive calpainopathies (LGMD R1) can mimic fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) and is an important ...differential in patients with a scapuloperoneal syndrome. Western blot can identify reduced calpain expression on muscle biopsy, but this may be secondarily decreased in muscular dystrophies other than LGMD R1. We describe a case of a patient with FSHD with reduced calpain expression on muscle biopsy. A 67-year-old male with a previous diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy based on electromyography (EMG) findings and a prior muscle biopsy was seen in our clinic. His symptoms began with scapular winging at age 14, and gradually progressed to involve his lower extremities necessitating use of a wheelchair. Despite this, his neck and facial muscles were spared. A comprehensive LGMD next generation sequencing (NGS) panel was performed. A heterozygous, pathogenic variant was identified in the calpain (CAPN3) gene. A muscle biopsy taken 12 years prior was re-examined showing features of a chronic dystrophic process, with reduced expression of calpain proteins on Western blot. As the clinical phenotype was not consistent with an autosomal dominant calpainopathy, further genetic testing was undertaken. This revealed contraction of D4Z4 repeats with a permissive haplotype consistent with FSHD1. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a patient with FSHD that had reduced calpain expression on muscle biopsy. It remains uncertain if this is due to the heterozygous calpain mutation or if FSHD reduces calpain expression.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The tumor suppressor protein retinoblastoma (RB) is mechanistically linked to suppression of transcription factor E2F1-mediated cell cycle regulation. For multiple tumor types, loss of RB function is ...associated with poor clinical outcome. RB action is abrogated either by direct depletion or through inactivation of RB function; however, the basis for this selectivity is unknown. Here, analysis of tumor samples and cell-free DNA from patients with advanced prostate cancer showed that direct RB loss was the preferred pathway of disruption in human disease. While RB loss was associated with lethal disease, RB-deficient tumors had no proliferative advantage and exhibited downstream effects distinct from cell cycle control. Mechanistically, RB loss led to E2F1 cistrome expansion and different binding specificity, alterations distinct from those observed after functional RB inactivation. Additionally, identification of protumorigenic transcriptional networks specific to RB loss that were validated in clinical samples demonstrated the ability of RB loss to differentially reprogram E2F1 in human cancers. Together, these findings not only identify tumor-suppressive functions of RB that are distinct from cell cycle control, but also demonstrate that the molecular consequence of RB loss is distinct from RB inactivation. Thus, these studies provide insight into how RB loss promotes disease progression, and identify new nodes for therapeutic intervention.
We investigated whether acute ischemic preconditioning (IPC) would affect upper limb maximal strength performance in resistance-trained men. Using a counterbalanced randomized crossover design, ...fifteen men (29.9 ± 5.9 yrs.; 86.3 ± 9.6 kg; 8.0 ± 5.0 yrs. resistance training experience) performed one-repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press tests on three different occasions: control, 10 min post-IPC or 10 min post-placebo (SHAM). One-way analysis of variance showed that the post-IPC condition increased (
< 0.0001) 1-RM loads compared to both control and post-SHAM (control 113.3 ± 15.9 kg vs. SHAM 113.9 ± 15.8 kg vs. IPC 115.7 ± 15.6 kg), while control and SHAM did not differ (
> 0.05). Individual results showed that 13 participants (~87%) improved their performance post-IPC compared to control, and 11 participants (~73%) performed better post-IPC compared to post-SHAM. Reported session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was lower (
< 0.0001) post-IPC (8.5 ± 0.6 arb.u) compared to control (9.3 ± 0.5 arb.u) and post-SHAM (9.3 ± 0.5 arb.u). Therefore, we conclude that IPC acutely improves upper limb maximal strength performance and reduces session-RPE in resistance-trained men. These results suggest an acute ergogenic effect of IPC for strength and power sports such as powerlifting.
Elastic neutrino scattering on electrons is a precisely known purely leptonic process that provides a standard candle for measuring neutrino flux in conventional neutrino beams. Using a total sample ...of 810 neutrino-electron scatters after background subtraction, the measurement reduces the normalization uncertainty on the ν μ NuMI beam flux between 2 and 20 GeV from 7.6 to 3.9%. This is the most precise measurement of neutrino-electron scattering to date, will reduce uncertainties on MINER ν A's absolute cross section measurements, and demonstrates a technique that can be used in future neutrino beams such as long baseline neutrino facility.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
The present study was undertaken to determine anthropometrical parameters in male adult Wistar rats. We tested the hypothesis that the anthropometrical index may identify obesity and may predict its ...adverse effects on lipid profile and oxidative stress in rats. Two experimental protocols were performed. In the first experiment, 50 male Wistar rats, 21 days old and fed a control chow were studied up to 150 days of age. In the second experiment, male Wistar rats, 60 days old, were divided into three groups (n = 8): control (C) given free access to a control chow; (S) receiving the control chow and drinking 30% sucrose ad libitum and (HC) fed a high-carbohydrate diet ad libitum. The first experiment showed that food consumption, energy intake and body weight increased with increasing age, while specific rate of body mass gain was significantly decreased. There were no significant differences in body length and thoracic circumference of rats from 60 days of age. The abdominal circumference (AC) and body mass index (BMI) significantly increased with enhancing age in rats up to 90 days of age and remained constant thereafter. In the second experiment, after 30 days of dietary treatment, the final body weight, body mass gain, carcass fat and BMI were higher in S and HC rats than in C. There were no significant alterations in body length and carcass protein among the groups. Triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (CT), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipid hydroperoxide (LH) were higher in S and HC rats than in C. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased in HC rats and total antioxidant substances (TAS) decreased in S and HC rats. There were positive correlations between BMI with carcass fat, BMI with LH and BMI and serum TG concentration. In conclusion, the BMI for male adult Wistar rats ranged between 0.45 and 0.68 g/cm2. Obesity may be easily estimated from the BMI in rats. Alterations in BMI were associated with dyslipidemic profile and oxidative stress in serum of rats and BMI may predict these adverse consequences of the obesity in rats.
The medicinal chemistry of Chikungunya virus da Silva-Júnior, Edeildo F.; Leoncini, Giovanni O.; Rodrigues, Érica E.S. ...
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry,
08/2017, Volume:
25, Issue:
16
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Display omitted
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are an important threat to human and animal health globally. Among these, zoonotic diseases account for billions of cases of human illness and ...millions of deaths every year, representing an increasing public health problem. Chikungunya virus belongs to the genus Alphavirus of the family Togariridae, and is transmitted mainly by the bite of female mosquitoes of the Aedes aegypti and/or A. albopictus species. The focus of this review will be on the medicinal chemistry of Chikungunya virus, including synthetic and natural products, as well as rationally designed compounds.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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