The aim of the present study was to determine whether the TRPV1 channel is involved in the onset of sodium appetite. For this purpose, we used TRPV1-knockout mice to investigate sodium ...depletion-induced drinking at different times (2/24 h) after furosemide administration combined with a low sodium diet (FURO-LSD). In sodium depleted wild type and TRPV1 KO (SD-WT/SD-TPRV1-KO) mice, we also evaluated the participation of other sodium sensors, such as TPRV4, NaX and angiotensin AT1-receptors (by RT-PCR), as well as investigating the pattern of neural activation shown by Fos immunoreactivity, in different nuclei involved in hydromineral regulation. TPRV1 SD-KO mice revealed an increased sodium preference, ingesting a higher hypertonic cocktail in comparison with SD-WT mice. Our results also showed in SD-WT animals that SFO-Trpv4 expression increased 2 h after FURO-LSD, compared to other groups, thus supporting a role of SFO-Trpv4 channels during the hyponatremic state. However, the SD-TPRV1-KO animals did not show this early increase, and maybe as a consequence drank more hypertonic cocktail. Regarding the SFO-NaX channel expression, in both genotypes our findings revealed a reduction 24 h after FURO-LSD. In addition, there was an increase in the OVLT-NaX expression of SD-WT 24 h after FURO-LSD, suggesting the participation of OVLT-NaX channels in the appearance of sodium appetite, possibly as an anticipatory response in order to limit sodium intake and to induce thirst. Our work demonstrates changes in the expression of different osmo‑sodium-sensitive channels at specific nuclei, related to the body sodium status in order to stimulate an adequate drinking.
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•Sodium depleted TRPV1-knockout mice have an increased sodium preference.•Brain osmo-sodium-sensitive channels expression changes after body sodium depletion.•Involvement of subfornical organ Trpv4 channels soon after acute body sodium depletion.•Involvement of SFO and OVLT NaX-channels in Na-depletion-induced sodium appetite.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•PTCDA_rGO nanohybrid acts as multifunctional interlayer in organic solar cells.•The exposition to acid induces the formation of ester bonds between rGO and PTCDA.•permanent dipoles along the ...PTCDA_rGO bond increase the positive charge extraction.•Increased work function and electrical conductivity.
In this work, reduced graphene oxide:3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride nanohybrid was prepared by a modified Hummers method which resulted in effective functionalization of graphene sheets. In this procedure, the perylene molecules were included at the reaction medium of graphene oxide, where the acid promotes hydrolysis of the anhydride, forming carboxylic acids; these groups react with hydroxyl groups of graphene oxide, generating ester bonds between graphene oxide and perylene, followed by a reduction through thermal annealing in air. The resulting interfacial nanohybrid film combines optical and electrical features of both materials, being a promising functional interlayer in organic-inorganic based devices. Herein, the thin film was tested in organic solar cells; the photovoltaic response pointed out that the dipole character of the nanohybrid enhances the fill factor and open circuit voltage parameters, when compared with the solar cell without buffer layer or having a polymeric hole transporting layer. After that, the optimized solar cells displayed open circuit voltage of 0.76 V, short circuit current density of 11.61 mA/cm2, fill factor of 53 % and power conversion efficiency of 4.70 % under AM1.5 illumination, where the nanohybrid film may act as a complementary absorbing layer and as hole injection layer, pointing out the potential use of this compound to improve the photovoltaic response in solar cells.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Crystalline molybdenum oxide nanoparticles (MoO3 NPs) were prepared by laser ablation synthesis in solution (LASiS). The resulting MoO3 NPs are water suspended with average size of 23 nm. ...Subsequently, in order to produce hole injection layers for solar cells, these nanoparticles were processed as thin films onto indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass substrate using ultrasonic spray deposition, which allows fast and uniform deposition in large areas with controllable thickness and low roughness; the water is removed by heating the substrate during the processing. Moreover, scanning electronic microscopy images pointed out that the bottom of the films is mainly composed of small nanoparticles. Thereafter, the optimized glass/ITO/MoO3NPs/PTB7:PC71BM/Ca/Al solar cells displayed open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.75 V, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 13 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) of 58% and power conversion efficiency of 5.7% under AM1.5 illumination, presenting increased stability when compared with devices having polymeric hole transporting layer. Since LASiS method does not require the use of organic precursors/solvents, it is a green route to produce MoO3 NPs. In addition, the ultrasonic spray deposition is a versatile method to achieve homogeneous and transparent thin films from water suspended nanoparticles. The organic solar cell response pointed out the potential use of these procedures to produce hole injection layers for photovoltaic devices.
•Crystalline MoO3 NPs were produced in aqueous suspension by LASIS.•Thin films were produced by ultrasonic spray deposition.•MoO3 NPs thin films were tested as hole injection layer in solar cells.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Despite all the knowledge, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) pathophysiology remain unclear. Authors have shown galectin-1 (Gal-1) and 3 playing ...roles in tumour angiogenesis and fibrosis, which were correlated with poor prognosis in patients with MPN. In the present study LGALS1 and LGALS3 were differently expressed between polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) diseases. Increased LGALS3 expression was associated with a negative JAK2 V617F status mutation in leucocytes from PMF but not in patients with ET without this mutation. However, a positive Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F cell line established from patients with ET (SET-2 cells) when treated with JAK inhibitor presented high levels of LGALS3. Additionally, high LGALS1 expression was found in CD34(+) cells but not in leucocytes from patients with PMF, in absence of JAK2 V617F mutation, and also in SET-2 cells treated with JAK inhibitor. Thus, our findings indicate that differential expression of LGALS1 and/or LGALS3 in patients with MPN is linked with JAK2 V617F status mutation in these diseases and state of cell differentiation.
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•PTB7-Th:PDIC5 films modified with chlronaphthalene were applied in OPVs.•Optical changes were monitored through ellipsometry spectroscopy.•n and k were used to simulate the spatial ...distribution of the electric field.•Exciton generation rate along the film thickness was reported.•Increased maximum current density with chloronaphtalene due morphological changes.
In this work, a perylene derivative was used as electron acceptor in organic solar cells and the morphology was optimized by using the 1-chlronaphthalene (CN) as additive. The power dissipation was simulated along the structure of OPV devices taking into count the interference occurring in stacked thin films under normal incidence by using the transfer matrix method (TMM). The TMM model has been used to simulate the electric field in organic solar cells having fullerene derivatives as electron acceptor. In opposite to the fullerenes, the perylene derivative also contributes to the photocurrent and, its optical and electrical features changed upon CN additive. Therefore, the monitoring through ellipsometry and TMM modelling contribute to understand the behaviour of the electromagnetic wave inside the device, providing insights about proper optimizations that can be performed in order to increase the G(x) rate and the Jsc parameter. This model takes into count the experimental values of refractive index n and extinction coefficient k acquired from the D:A film to simulate the spatial distribution of the electric field and provide valuable information about photovoltaic parameters. The results pointed out that chemical or physical modifications are required to improve the PDIC5 acceptor distribution along the bulk, as well as changes on the crystallinity, which can be achieved with the use of CN as additive.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract Osmoregulatory mechanisms can be vulnerable to electrolyte and/or endocrine environmental changes during the perinatal period, differentially programming the developing offspring and ...affecting them even in adulthood. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether availability of hypertonic sodium solution during the perinatal period may induce a differential programming in adult offspring osmoregulatory mechanisms. With this aim, we studied water and sodium intake after Furosemide–sodium depletion in adult offspring exposed to hypertonic sodium solution from 1 week before mating until postnatal day 28 of the offspring, used as a perinatal manipulation model PM-Na group. In these animals, we also identified the cell population groups in brain nuclei activated by Furosemide–sodium depletion treatment, analyzing the spatial patterns of Fos and Fos–vasopressin immunoreactivity. In sodium depleted rats, sodium and water intake were significantly lower in the PM-Na group vs. animals without access to hypertonic sodium solution PM-Ctrol group. Interestingly, when comparing the volumes consumed of both solutions in each PM group, our data show the expected significant differences between both solutions ingested in the PM-Ctrol group, which makes an isotonic cocktail; however, in the PM-Na group there were no significant differences in the volumes of both solutions consumed after Furosemide–sodium depletion, and therefore the sodium concentration of total fluid ingested by this group was significantly higher than that in the PM-Ctrol group. With regard to brain Fos immunoreactivity, we observed that Furosemide–sodium depletion in the PM-Na group induced a higher number of activated cells in the subfornical organ, ventral subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus and vasopressinergic neurons of the supraoptic nucleus than in the PM-Ctrol animals. Moreover, along the brainstem, we found a decreased number of sodium depletion-activated cells within the nucleus of the solitary tract of the PM-Na group. Our data indicate that early sodium availability induces a long-term effect on fluid drinking and on the cell activity of brain nuclei involved in the control of hydromineral balance. These results also suggest that availability of a rich source of sodium during the perinatal period may provoke a larger anticipatory response in the offspring, activating the vasopressinergic system and reducing thirst after water and sodium depletion, as a result of central osmosensitive mechanism alterations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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