Durante décadas a definição de uma unidade antropofísica, baseada principalmente em estudos descritivos e comparativos de morfologia craniana e pós-craniana, norteou o conhecimento sobre a biologia ...dos grupos sambaquieiros do litoral sul-sudeste do Brasil. Este conceito influenciou também os paradigmas que nortearam a compreensão de aspectos socioculturais desses grupos, tendo como diretriz as perspectivas da Escola Norte Americana. Esta perspectiva generalista, no entanto, vem demonstrando inoperância para elevar o conhecimento sobre os grupos sambaquieiros a um nível mais detalhado, a partir da identificação de particularidades que naturalmente permeiam qualquer sistema sociocultural e são o resultado de escolhas, e não apenas respostas adaptativas. Buscando-se avançar sobre esta perspectiva, este trabalho tem como objetivo conjugar os dados sobre marcadores de estresse ocupacional (osteoartrose, trauma acidental, espondilólise, nódulo de Schmorl e exostose auditiva) já publicados para três sambaquis localizados no estado do Rio de Janeiro, a fim de se verificar a possibilidade de identificar particularidades no estilo de vida destes grupos.
Oral tolerance promotes a generalized decrease in specific immune responsiveness to proteins previously encountered via the oral route. In addition, parenteral immunization with a tolerated protein ...also triggers a significant reduction in the primary responsiveness to a second unrelated antigen. This is generally explained by 'innocent bystander suppression', suggesting that the transient and episodic effects of inhibitory cytokines released by contact with the tolerated antigen would block responses to the second antigen. In disagreement with this view, we have previously shown that: (i) these inhibitory effects do not require concomitance or contiguity of the injections of the two proteins; (ii) that intravenous or intragastric exposures to the tolerated antigen are not inhibitory; and (iii) that the inhibitory effect, once triggered, persists in the absence of further contact with the tolerated protein, possibly by inhibition of secondary responsiveness (immunological memory). The present work confirms that immunological memory of the second unrelated antigen is hindered by exposure to the tolerated antigen and, in addition, shows that this exposure: (i) inhibits the inflammation triggered by an unrelated antigen through the double effect of inhibiting production of leucocytes in the bone marrow and blocking their migration to inflammed sites; and (ii) significantly blocks footpaw swelling triggered by carrageenan. Taken together, these results conclusively demonstrate that inhibitory effects of parenteral injection of tolerated antigens are much more general than suggested by the 'innocent bystander suppression' hypothesis.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study explored the effects of landscape change on the provision of ecosystem services in a mountain area in northern Portugal, in particular the trade-offs and synergies between services in 2 ...categories: provisioning and regulating. Services were assessed for 1990 and 2006 and projected for 2020 under 3 scenarios, both biophysically and economically, based on modeling and published and unpublished statistics. We found that landscape changes in the 16-year period under study increased the total supply of ecosystem services, measured both biophysically and monetarily, but that agriculture production dropped dramatically. Both regulating and provisioning services increased in value, but only regulating services increased in biophysical units. Projections under 2 of our 3 scenarios indicated that both types of ecosystem services will continue to increase in both amount and monetary value and will function in synergy, whereas the third scenario predicted a decrease in services and trade-offs between the 2 categories. Because land use has a major impact on ecosystem service supply, an understanding of the changes and trade-offs described in this article can support planning and management, in particular in mountain areas and other regions with limited alternatives for income generation. Our findings suggest that regional development plans should include incentives to maximize regulating and provisioning ecosystem services.
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Este artigo versa sobre o patrimônio cultural arqueológico inserido no polígono formado pelo Município de Nova Iguaçu e seus distritos emancipados, localizados na Baixada Fluminense, Região ...Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Tem como objetivo apresentar a arqueologia pública, enquanto corrente teórico-metodológica com potencial mitigatório aos riscos a que está submetido tal patrimônio em consequência dos impactos provocados pelo intenso processo de urbanização, em curso, na região de referência desse estudo. Espera-se oferecer suporte teórico que contribua com a inclusão desse patrimônio nas pautas políticas e sociais e ao planejamento de ações que venham garantir a conservação desse acervo, visto aqui, enquanto recurso cultural a ser explorado por um capital social em emergência.
This article versa about the archaeological cultural heritage inserted in the polygon formed by the Municipality of Nova Iguaçu and their emancipated districts, located in Baixada Fluminense, ...Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro. Have as objectives to present public archeology as a theoretical-methodological current with mitigating potential to the risks to which such heritage is subjected as a result of the impacts caused by the intense urbanization process, ongoing, in the reference region of this study.It is expected to offer theoretical support that contributes to the inclusion of this heritage in the political and social agendas and to the planning of actions that will ensure the conservation of this collection, seen here, as a cultural resource to be explored by a social capital in emergency.
Este artigo versa sobre o patrimônio cultural arqueológico inserido no polígono formado pelo Município de Nova Iguaçu e seus distritos emancipados, localizados na Baixada Fluminense, Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Tem como objetivo apresentar a arqueologia pública, enquanto corrente teórico-metodológica com potencial mitigatório aos riscos a que está submetido tal patrimônio em consequência dos impactos provocados pelo intenso processo de urbanização, em curso, na região de referência desse estudo. Espera-se oferecer suporte teórico que contribua com a inclusão desse patrimônio nas pautas políticas e sociais e ao planejamento de ações que venham garantir a conservação desse acervo, visto aqui, enquanto recurso cultural a ser explorado por um capital social em emergência.
Este artículo trata sobre el patrimonio cultural arqueológico inserto en el polígono formado por el Municipio de Nova Iguaçu y sus distritos emancipados, situado en la Baixada Fluminense, Región Metropolitana de Río de Janeiro. Su objetivo es presentar la arqueología pública como una corriente teórico-metodológica con potencial mitigador de los riesgos a los que está sometido dicho patrimonio como consecuencia de los impactos provocados por el intenso proceso de urbanización, en curso, en la región de referencia de este estudio. Se espera ofrecer un soporte teórico que contribuya a la inclusión de este patrimonio en las agendas políticas y sociales y a la planificación de acciones que aseguren la conservación de esta colección, vista aquí, como un recurso cultural a explorar por un capital social en emergencia.
Identifying patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and enhancing the cascade of care are essential for eliminating HCV infection. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of positive ...anti-HCV serology in Brasilia, Brazil, and evaluate the efficiency of the cascade of care for HCV-positive individuals.
This cross-sectional study analyzed 57,697 rapid screening tests for hepatitis C in individuals aged > 40 years between June 2018 and June 2019. HCV-positive patients were contacted and scheduled to undergo the HCV RNA viral test, genotyping, and transient elastography.
The prevalence of positive serology was 0.27%. Among 161 patients with positive anti-HCV serology, 124 (77%) were contacted, 109 (67.7%) were tested for HCV RNA viral load, and 69 (42.8%) had positive results. Genotype 1 (75%) was the most prevalent genotype. Among 65 patients (94.2%) who underwent transient elastography, 30 (46.2%) presented with advanced fibrosis. Additionally, of the 161 patients, 55 (34.1%) were referred for treatment, but only 39 (24.2%) complied, with 36 (22.4%) showing sustained virological response. By the end of the study, 16 patients were still awaiting to receive medication.
The prevalence of HCV-positive patients was low in Brasilia, and the gaps in the cascade of care for these patients were significantly below the targets of HCV infection elimination. This study opens new avenues for eliminating HCV infection and suggests that partnerships with clinical laboratories to conduct anti-HCV tests are a useful strategy to improve HCV diagnosis.
Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Brasília - UNB (CAAE number 77818317.2.0000.0030) and by the Ethics Committee of the Health Science Teaching and Research Foundation - FEPECS/SES/DF (CAAE number 77818317.2.3001.5553).
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Early human dispersals within the Americas Moreno-Mayar, J Víctor; Vinner, Lasse; de Barros Damgaard, Peter ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
12/2018, Volume:
362, Issue:
6419
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Studies of the peopling of the Americas have focused on the timing and number of initial migrations. Less attention has been paid to the subsequent spread of people within the Americas. We sequenced ...15 ancient human genomes spanning from Alaska to Patagonia; six are ≥10,000 years old (up to ~18× coverage). All are most closely related to Native Americans, including those from an Ancient Beringian individual and two morphologically distinct "Paleoamericans." We found evidence of rapid dispersal and early diversification that included previously unknown groups as people moved south. This resulted in multiple independent, geographically uneven migrations, including one that provides clues of a Late Pleistocene Australasian genetic signal, as well as a later Mesoamerican-related expansion. These led to complex and dynamic population histories from North to South America.
Skin wound healing is a complex process involving many types of cells and molecules and often results in scar tissue formation in adult mammals. However, scarless healing occurs in foetal skin and ...minimal scars may occur after cutaneous healing in the adult with reduced inflammation. Alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) is widely distributed within the central nervous system and in other body regions, such as the skin, and has strong anti‐inflammatory activity. The aim in the present experiments was to learn whether intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of α‐MSH just before skin wounds antagonize inflammation and improves skin wound healing in adult mice. C57BL/6 young adult mice received an i.p. injection of 1 mg/kg of α‐MSH and, 30 min later, two circular through‐and‐through holes (6.5 mm diameter) were made in their dorsal skin under anaesthesia. Control mice were wounded after vehicle injection. The wound healing process was analysed macroscopically and microscopically at 3, 7, 40 and 60 days. Skin samples were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 μm, stained with H&E or toluidine blue for cell analysis or Gomori's trichrome for extracellular matrix (ECM) analysis. Other samples were fixed in DMSO+methanol, embedded in paraplast and incubated with anti‐CD45, antismooth muscle actin, anticollagen‐I and anticollagen‐III for immunofluorescence analysis. Alpha‐MSH significantly reduced the number of leucocytes, mast cells and fibroblasts at 3 and 7 days after injury. On days 40 and 60, α‐MSH reduced scar area and improved the organization of the collagen fibres indicating that it may direct the healing into a more‐regenerative/less‐scarring pathway.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Periodontitis is a common oral inflammation, which is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Intakes of vitamin D and calcium are inversely associated with occurrence and progression of ...periodontitis. This study aims to assess the feasibility of a multi-component intervention, including provision of milk powder supplemented with calcium and vitamin D and periodontal therapy (PT), for improving maternal periodontal health and metabolic and inflammatory profiles of low-income Brazilian pregnant women with periodontitis.
The IMPROVE trial is a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) with a 2 × 2 factorial design with a parallel process evaluation. Pregnant women with periodontitis, aged 18-40 years and with < 20 gestational weeks (
= 120) were recruited and randomly allocated into four groups: (1) fortified sachet (vitamin D and calcium) and powdered milk plus PT during pregnancy, (2) placebo sachet and powdered milk plus PT during pregnancy, (3) fortified sachet (vitamin D and calcium) and powdered milk plus PT after delivery and (4) placebo sachet and powdered milk plus PT after delivery. Dentists and participants are blinded to fortification. Acceptability of study design, recruitment strategy, random allocation, data collection procedures, recruitment rate, adherence and attrition rate will be evaluated. Data on serum levels of vitamin D, calcium and inflammatory biomarkers; clinical periodontal measurements; anthropometric measurements; and socio-demographic questionnaires are collected at baseline, third trimester and 6-8 weeks postpartum. Qualitative data are collected using focus group, for analysis of favourable factors and barriers related to study adherence.
Oral health and mineral/vitamin supplementation are much overlooked in the public prenatal assistance in Brazil and of scarcity of clinical trials addressing these issues in low and middle-income countries,. To fill this gap the present study was designed to assess the feasibility of a RCT on acceptability of a multi-component intervention combining conventional periodontal treatment and consumption of milk fortified with calcium-vitamin D for improving periodontal conditions and maternal metabolic and inflammation status, among Brazilian low-income pregnant women with periodontitis. Thus, we hope that this relatively low-cost and safe multicomponent intervention can help reduce inflammation, improve maternal periodontal health and metabolic profile and consequently prevent negative gestational outcomes.
NCT, NCT03148483. Registered on May 11, 2017.
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