Seeking to further the discussions about the Sambaqui Arapuan occupation, located in the coast of Rio de Janeiro, this paper analyzes stable isotopic and radiocarbon data from two individuals found ...in two different archaeological layers of the site. Stratigraphic and radiocarbon information on the human remains recovered is scarce, limiting our synchronous and diachronic understanding of the space utilization process. Results suggest that the site was used as a burial ground both in pre-colonial and colonial periods. Isotopic data from the pre-colonial individual point to a strong marine diet, while the colonial period individual presents a diet more geared towards hunting terrestrial fauna and plant intake. Although specific, these data raise questions and require new investigations related to the temporality of the funerary space use, and on the discussions concerning the collapse of the Shell mound builders 'societies as well as their relations with their successors. Keywords: Shell Mounds; Sambaqui Arapuan; Archaeology; Occupation of Rio de Janeiro; Prehistory. O objetivo deste estudo e ampliar as discussoes sobre a ocupacao do Sambaqui Arapuan, localizado no litoral do estado do Rio de Janeiro, a partir de dados pontuais obtidos pela analise de isotopos estaveis e radiocarbono de dois individuos recuperados no sitio. Existem poucos dados a respeito da estratigrafia dos remanescentes humanos recuperados neste sitio e poucas datacoes, limitando o entendimento do processo de utilizacao do espaco sincronica e diacronicamente. Uma revisitacao dos elementos e dados coletados possibilitou a identificacao de dois individuos, localizados no topo e na base do sitio, os quais foram submetidos a datacao e analise isotopica (carbono e nitrogenio). Os resultados sugerem que o local teria sido usado como espaco funerario durante a ocupacao dos construtores de sambaqui e no inicio do periodo colonial. Os dados isotopicos do individuo precolonial sao compativeis com uma subsistencia marinha. Ja o individuo atribuido ao periodo colonial apresenta um perfil sugestivo de que a caca de animais e o consumo de vegetais teriam sido mais relevantes para ele. Tais dados, ainda que pontuais, levantam questionamentos e demandam novas investigacoes, quer sobre a temporalidade de uso dos espacos funerarios, quer sobre as discussoes relativas ao colapso das sociedades construtoras de sambaquis e suas relacoes com seus sucessores. Palavras-chave: Sambaquis; Sambaqui Arapuan; Arqueologia; Ocupacao do Rio de Janeiro; Pre-historia no Rio de Janeiro.
There is a consensus that modern humans arrived in the Americas 15,000–20,000 y ago during the Late Pleistocene, most probably from northeast Asia through Beringia. However, there is still debate ...about the time of entry and number of migratory waves, including apparent inconsistencies between genetic and morphological data on Paleoamericans. Here we report the identification of mitochondrial sequences belonging to haplogroups characteristic of Polynesians in DNA extracted from ancient skulls of the now extinct Botocudo Indians from Brazil. The identification of these two Polynesian haplogroups was confirmed in independent replications in Brazil and Denmark, ensuring reliability of the data. Parallel analysis of 12 other Botocudo individuals yielded only the well-known Amerindian mtDNA haplogroup C1. Potential scenarios to try to help understand these results are presented and discussed. The findings of this study may be relevant for the understanding of the pre-Columbian and/or post-Columbian peopling of the Americas.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Durante décadas a definição de uma unidade antropofísica, baseada principalmente em estudos descritivos e comparativos de morfologia craniana e pós-craniana, norteou o conhecimento sobre a biologia ...dos grupos sambaquieiros do litoral sul-sudeste do Brasil. Este conceito influenciou também os paradigmas que nortearam a compreensão de aspectos socioculturais desses grupos, tendo como diretriz as perspectivas da Escola Norte Americana. Esta perspectiva generalista, no entanto, vem demonstrando inoperância para elevar o conhecimento sobre os grupos sambaquieiros a um nível mais detalhado, a partir da identificação de particularidades que naturalmente permeiam qualquer sistema sociocultural e são o resultado de escolhas, e não apenas respostas adaptativas. Buscando-se avançar sobre esta perspectiva, este trabalho tem como objetivo conjugar os dados sobre marcadores de estresse ocupacional (osteoartrose, trauma acidental, espondilólise, nódulo de Schmorl e exostose auditiva) já publicados para três sambaquis localizados no estado do Rio de Janeiro, a fim de se verificar a possibilidade de identificar particularidades no estilo de vida destes grupos.
Abstract: For decades the definition of a physical-anthropological unit, based primarily on descriptive and comparative studies of cranial and post-cranial morphology, oriented biological knowledge of sambaqui-dwelling groups in the south-southeastern coastal region of Brazil. This concept also influenced the paradigms that guided the understanding of socio-cultural aspects of these groups, taking as a guideline the perspectives of the North American School. This general perspective, however, has not been very effective in furthering knowledge about sambaqui-dwellers at a more detailed level, failing to identify characteristics that naturally permeate any socio-cultural system and are the result of choices, not just of adaptive responses. In an attempt to create progress in this perspective, this paper aims to combine previously published data on occupational stress markers (osteoarthrosis, accidental fractures, spondylolysis, Schmorl´s nodes and auditory exostoses) for three sambaquis located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in order to identify possible particularities of the lifestyles of these groups.
REACTION IN ORAL MUCOSA DUE TO INTENSIVE THERAPY POLYPHARMACY: CASE REPORT RIBEIRO, ANDRESSA COUTINHO; DE CARVALHO, CLAUDIA CRISTIANE BAISEREDO; DE ASSUMPÇÃO LEITE, ANA FLÁVIA SCHUELER ...
Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology,
January 2020, 2020-01-00, Volume:
129, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
A 51-year-old white female patient hospitalized in the intensive care unit because of acute ischemic stroke who needed tracheostomy and vasoactive drugs in high dosage evolved with aspiration ...pneumonia and septic shock. At 30 days of hospitalization, intraoral examination revealed multiple superficial ulcers on the lips, buccal mucosa, tongue, and mouth floor, circumscribed by erythematous halo and covered by pseudomembrane with severe pain symptomatology and evolution of 15 days. Concomitantly, the patient presented bilateral conjunctivitis with erythema in the sclera and periocular region. Several medications were used during hospitalization. Diagnostic hypotheses were erythema multiforme, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and paraneoplastic pemphigus. Incisional biopsy was performed. Histopathologic analysis was suggestive of erythema multiforme. Final diagnosis after clinical correlation was erythema multiforme. Treatment consisted of methylprednisolone and systemic antiviral. After 1 week there was improvement of oral ulcers and conjunctivitis without painful symptoms and transfer to the infirmary.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The treatment of malignant neoplasm of the nasal upper airway presents a high morbidity rate for patients. Radiotherapy is one therapeutic option. The patient undergoing head and neck radiotherapy ...treatment needs to perform a dental examination before, during, and after cancer treatment. A male African American patient, 52 years of age with a history of being a former smoker and alcoholic for 12 years, was diagnosed in 2005 with an oral squamous cell carcinoma in the left lateral lingual surface, clinical stage of T2 N0 M0, and treated with head and neck surgery with negative cervical lymph nodes. After 12 years, a routine examination showed an extensive exophytic ulcer on the hard palate spreading to the soft palate. An incisional biopsy was performed whose diagnosis indicated Merkel cell carcinoma, confirmed by immunohistochemical study. He was treated successfully with chemotherapy (cisplatin and etoposide). This report seeks to show how important is to stimulate dental surgeons to perform routine intraoral examinations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Understanding the peopling of the Americas remains an important and challenging question. Here, we present 14C dates, and morphological, isotopic and genomic sequence data from two human skulls from ...the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, part of one of the indigenous groups known as ‘Botocudos’. We find that their genomic ancestry is Polynesian, with no detectable Native American component. Radiocarbon analysis of the skulls shows that the individuals had died prior to the beginning of the 19th century. Our findings could either represent genomic evidence of Polynesians reaching South America during their Pacific expansion, or European-mediated transport.
The genetic characterization of Native American populations is key to understanding the peopling of the Americas. Malaspinas et al. generated two genomes from humans who died ∼19th century and were found in Brazil.
Their ancestry is Polynesian. They discuss the implications and whether their presence may be the result of the Polynesian expansion.”
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Brazil was the main destination of enslaved Africans during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in the New World. We have analyzed isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and strontium in the enamel and ...dentin of teeth derived from remains of 41 enslaved Africans excavated in Pretos Novos cemetery (Rio de Janeiro) and Sé de Salvador cathedral (Salvador) in order to investigate aspects related to the geographical origins and dietary habits in Africa in these two groups with differing histories.
Strontium isotope results indicate a wide range of geographical origin for the analyzed individuals of both cemeteries, being significantly wider in Pretos Novos. Carbon and nitrogen isotopes results suggest that the diet of most individuals was based on plants. Only 26% probably had access to a significant amount of animal protein. The results also show that while some individuals were consuming C3 plants such as yams and manioc, others had a diet based more on C4 plants such as sorghum, millet and maize.
Interpreted in conjunction with archaeological and historical evidence, the findings of this study, including the high variability of 87Sr/86Sr, δ13C and δ15N values, contribute to the process of reconstructing the dramatic history of slavery in Brazil and in the Americas.
•The analyzed individuals came from geologically diversified regions in Sub-Saharan Africa.•Dietary habits were predominantly plant based, around 25% probably consumed significant amount of animal protein.•Stable carbon isotope analysis indicated that individuals came from different agricultural populations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
to adapt and validate the Inventory of Family Protective Factors (IFPF) for the Portuguese culture. This instrument assesses protective factors that contribute to family resilience. Studies ...addressing resilience are embedded within the salutogenic paradigm, i.e. it addresses protective factors of individuals or groups without underestimating risk factors or vulnerability.
in order to assess the IFPF's linguistic and conceptual equivalence, the instrument was translated, retro-translated and the think-aloud protocol was used. We then verified the instrument's sensitiveness, reliability and validity of results to assess its psychometric characteristics. A factor analysis was performed of the principal components with varimax rotation of the scale's items and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for each dimension. A total of 85 families with disabled children, selected through simple random sampling, self-administered the instrument.
the IFPF presents psychometric characteristics that are appropriate for the Portuguese population (Cronbach's alpha = .90).
the IFPF was adapted and validated for the Portuguese culture and is an instrument to be used in studies intended to assess protective factors of family resilience.
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