Background
Exercise training has now become established practice in patients with chronic heart failure. Women are often under-represented in intervention studies compared to men. For this reason it ...was our aim to conduct a combined endurance and muscle strength training program to evaluate its effect on clinical performance data and health-related psychosocial factors in women and men.
Methods
One hundred and sixteen women, mean age 69 ± 9 years, body mass index (BMI) 25.8 ± 4.9, and 169 men, mean age 66 ± 9 years, BMI 26.6 ± 3.6 underwent combined endurance/resistance training. The training program lasted 29 ± 7 days and comprised bicycle ergometer training, a 6-min walk test as a training unit and muscle strength training for the lower and upper extremities.
Results
Differences between women and men were found in clinical parameters. In particular, statistically significant differences were revealed between the women and men with regard to cardiopulmonary performance. Quality of life was significantly improved on discharge with regard to both physical and mental health, whereas anxiety and depression showed no significant alteration.
Conclusion
A specialized in-hospital program for women and men combining endurance/resistance training and education is feasible. But our program revealed a very low level of cardiopulmonary performance in women. Women need to be encouraged and motivated to participate in such programs.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Chronic heart failure (CHF) will become one of the greatest medical challenges during the next decades. This is especially true with regard to elderly patients. Besides medical diagnostics and drug ...therapy, efficient treatment of CHF must also include exercise training.
The purpose of our study was 1) to record health-related quality of life (QOL) in elderly patients with CHF and 2) to assess the efficacy of a training program, as well as to evaluate any changes detected during a six month follow-up.
In our non-randomized study, 116 patients, divided according to age into Group 1 (>70 years) and Group 2 (<70 years), took part in a 4-week training program.
There were differences in the clinical parameters and the QOL between the older and the younger patients both after 4 weeks and at the follow-up. After six months, however, the older patients again recorded having an inferior QOL to that of the younger patients.
Elderly patients can also benefit from physical exercise training, with improvement in clinical parameters and QOL. In order to maintain the subjectively improved QOL in the long term, however, continued special heart failure education and support is required.
The ablation of biofilms by excimer laser radiation was systematically examined in a series of model studies during which the biofilms originating from different historical panels were simulated on ...model glasses. The composition of these model glasses was modelled on that of the original historical glasses. Our studies have shown that glass composition, climatic conditions and biofilm formation are factors which interact synergetically. It could be observed that various biofilms grow differently on the same type of model glass and that the same type of biofilm shows a different development on various model glasses. The decisive factors for the effectiveness of biofilm ablation by laser irradiation is the formation of the biofilm on the one hand and its corrosive potential on account of its ability to accumulate moisture and to produce glass-damaging metabolites on the other. Glasses of low chemical stability promote the growth of dense biofilms and can be cleaned only with a high energy density, whereas glasses of high chemical stability merely allow for a slow growth of a biofilm spreading two-dimensionally on the glass surface which can be gently removed using low energy density.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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