Background
Accumulating evidence suggests that hearing impairment is associated with the onset of depression. However, large‐scale epidemiological studies are required to define this association more ...clearly. We aimed to investigate the risk of new‐onset depression in Korean older adults with and without hearing impairment.
Methods
From the National Health Insurance Service‐Senior Cohort, which is a retrospective‐prospective hybrid database, we analyzed data for 254,466 older adults enrolled in the Korea National Health Insurance Service‐Senior Cohort who underwent at least one health screening between 2003 and 2019. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the association between hearing impairment and the risk of incident depression, which was presented as adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All participants were followed up until the date of incident depression, death, or December 31, 2019.
Results
During 3,417,682 person‐years of follow‐up investigation, hearing impairment was associated with a higher risk of incident depression (vs. no hearing impairment) in the final adjusted model (aHR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01–1.21; p = 0.033). Stratified analyses revealed a significant interaction among age, hearing impairment, and the risk of depression. Participants aged <65 years had a higher risk of depression (aHR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.12–1.50; p < 0.001) than those aged 65 or above (aHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01–1.30; p = 0.032).
Conclusions
Hearing impairment is independently associated with a higher risk of depression among older adults. The prevention and treatment of hearing impairment may aid in mitigating the risk of incident depression.
Level of Evidence
Level 3 Laryngoscope, 133:3144–3151, 2023
The present large‐scale study aimed to investigate the risk of new‐onset depression in Korean older adults with and without hearing impairment using a nationwide longitudinal dataset spanning 16 years of follow‐up. The results indicate that older adults with hearing impairment have a higher risk of incident depression than those without hearing impairment, even after controlling for all confounding factors. We also discovered that hearing impairment had a greater impact on incident depression in those aged <65 years than in those aged ≥65 years.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
High dysadherin expression has been recognized as a biological predictor of metastasis and poor prognosis for many different cancer types; however, the molecular mechanisms of how dysadherin affects ...cancer progression are still poorly understood. In this study, we examined whether AKT signaling could link dysadherin expression with downstream events that promote the metastatic potential of human breast cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of breast cancer tissues showed that dysadherin expression was highly associated with elevated expression of phospho‐AKT. The introduction of dysadherin cDNA into BT‐474, MCF‐7 and T‐47D breast cancer cell lines enhanced their levels of AKT phosphorylation, while knockdown of dysadherin in MDA‐MB‐231 and Hs578T breast cancer cell lines suppressed AKT phosphorylation. Treatment with the AKT inhibitor triciribine suppressed dysadherin‐mediated pro‐metastatic effects, including epithelial–mesenchymal transition, cell motility and drug resistance. These findings suggest that dysadherin might contribute to breast cancer progression through AKT activation. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 1280–1289)
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This study assessed the image quality and diagnostic accuracy in determining disease activity of the terminal ileum of the reduced-dose computed tomography enterography using model-based iterative ...reconstruction in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Eighteen patients were prospectively enrolled and allocated to the standard-dose (SD) and reduced-dose (RD) computed tomography enterography (CTE) groups (n = 9 per group). Image quality, reader confidence in interpreting bowel findings, accuracy in determining active CD in the terminal ileum, and radiation dose were evaluated. Objective image quality did not show intergroup differences, except for image sharpness. Although reader confidence in detecting mural stratification, ulcer, and perienteric fat stranding of the RD-CTE were inferior to SD-CTE, RD-CTE correctly diagnosed active disease in all patients. The mean values of radiation dose metrics (SD-CTE vs. RD-CTE) were 4.3 versus 0.74 mGy, 6.1 versus 1.1 mGy, 211.9 versus 34.5 mGy∙cm, and 4.4 versus 0.7 mSv mGy∙cm for CTDI
, size-specific dose estimation, dose-length product, and effective dose, respectively. RD-CTE showed comparable diagnostic accuracy to SD-CTE in determining active disease of the terminal ileum in pediatric CD patients. However, image quality and reader confidence in detecting ulcer and perienteric fat stranding was compromised.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Arg/N-degron pathway, which is involved in the degradation of proteins bearing an N-terminal signal peptide, is connected to p62/SQSTM1-mediated autophagy. However, the impact of the molecular ...link between the N-degron and autophagy pathways is largely unknown in the context of systemic inflammation. Here, we show that chemical mimetics of the N-degron Nt-Arg pathway (p62 ligands) decreased mortality in sepsis and inhibited pathological inflammation by activating mitophagy and immunometabolic remodeling. The p62 ligands alleviated systemic inflammation in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock and in the cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis. In macrophages, the p62 ligand attenuated the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to various innate immune stimuli. Mechanistically, the p62 ligand augmented LPS-induced mitophagy and inhibited the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in macrophages. The p62 ligand-mediated anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and mitophagy-activating effects depended on p62. In parallel, the p62 ligand significantly downregulated the LPS-induced upregulation of aerobic glycolysis and lactate production. Together, our findings demonstrate that p62 ligands play a critical role in the regulation of inflammatory responses by orchestrating mitophagy and immunometabolic remodeling.
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of pancreas which leads to varying degrees of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine dysfunction and manifests in either acute or chronic forms. Spontaneous ...pancreatitis in experimental animals has rarely been reported. Here, we found acute to chronic courses of spontaneous pancreatitis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), showing the formation of tubular complexes (TCs) and enhanced islet regeneration. We investigated the expression pattern of clusterin in the pancreas of SHRs based on immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC analysis revealed the strong expression of clusterin in dedifferentiated duct-like cells and regenerative islets of TCs. These results imply that clusterin might be involved in the formation of TCs and parenchymal regeneration during rat pancreatitis.
For the small glabrous skin defect, Thenar and Hypothenar skin are useful donors and they have been used as a free flap. Because of similar skin characteristics, both flaps have same indications. We ...will conduct comparative study for the donor morbidity of the Free thenar flap and Hypothenar free flap.
From January 2011 to December 2021, demographic data, characteristics of each flap, and complications using retrospective chart review were obtained. Donor outcomes of the patient, who had been followed up for more than 6 months, were measured using photographic analysis and physical examination. General pain was assessed by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score, neuropathic pain was assessed by Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions (DN4) score, scar appearance was assessed by modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS), and patient satisfaction was assessed on a 3-point scale. Statistical analysis was performed on the outcomes.
Out of the 39 survey respondents, 17 patients received Free thenar flaps, and 22 patients received Hypothenar free flaps. Thenar group had higher NRS, DN4, and mVSS (
< 0.05). The average scores for the Thenar and Hypothenar groups were 1.35 and 0.27 for NRS, 2.41 and 0.55 for DN4, and 3.12 and 1.59 for mVSS, respectively. Despite the Hypothenar group showing greater satisfaction on the 3-point scale (1.82) compared with the Thenar group (1.47), the difference was not significant (
= 0.085). Linear regression analysis indicated that flap width did not have a notable impact on the outcome measures, and multiple linear regression analysis revealed no significant interaction between flap width and each of the outcome measures.
Despite the limited number of participants, higher donor morbidity in general pain, neuropathic pain, and scar formation was noted in the Thenar free flap compared with the Hypothenar free flap. However, no difference in overall patient satisfaction was found between the two groups.
Genomic global positioning system (GPS) applies the multilateration technique commonly used in the GPS to genomic data. In the framework we present here, investigators calculate genetic distances ...from their samples to reference samples, which are from data held in the public domain, and share this information with others. This sharing enables certain types of genomic analysis, such as identifying sample overlaps and close relatives, decomposing ancestry, and mapping of geographical origin without disclosing personal genomes. Thus, our method can be seen as a balance between open data sharing and privacy protection.
Although hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) has been implicated in abnormal lipid metabolism in hepatitis B virus (HBV)–associated hepatic steatosis, its underlying molecular mechanism remains ...unclear. Liver X receptor (LXR) plays an important role in regulating the expression of genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis. Here we demonstrate that LXRα and LXRβ mediate HBV‐associated hepatic steatosis. We have found that HBx induces the expression of LXR and its lipogenic target genes, such as sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor, and this is accompanied by the accumulation of lipid droplets. RNA interference with LXR expression decreases the amount of lipid droplets as well as the expression of the lipogenic genes, and this indicates that HBx‐induced lipogenesis is LXR‐dependent. LXRα and HBx colocalize in the nucleus and are physically associated. HBx induces the transactivation function of LXRα by recruiting CREB binding protein to the promoter of the target gene. Furthermore, we have observed that expression of LXR is increased in the livers of HBx‐transgenic mice. Finally, there is a significant increase in the expression of LXRβ (P = 0.036), SREBP‐1c (P = 0.008), FAS, and stearoyl–coenyzme A desaturase‐1 (P = 0.001) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in comparison with adjacent nontumorous nodules in human HBV‐associated HCC specimens. Conclusion: Our results suggest a novel association between HBx and LXR that may represent an important mechanism explaining HBx‐induced hepatic lipogenesis during HBV‐associated hepatic carcinogenesis. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
High aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity has been recognized as a marker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in breast cancer. In this study, we examined whether inhibition of ALDH activity suppresses ...stem-like cell properties in a 4T1 syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer. We found that ALDH-positive 4T1 cells showed stem cell-like properties in vitro and in vivo. Blockade of ALDH activity reduced the growth of CSCs in breast cancer cell lines. Treatment of mice with the ALDH inhibitor diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) significantly suppressed 4T1 cell metastasis to the lung. Recent evidence suggests that ALDH affects the response of stem cells to hypoxia; therefore, we examined a possible link between ALDH and hypoxia signaling in breast cancer. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) was highly dysregulated in ALDH-positive 4T1 cells. We observed that ALDH was highly correlated with the HIF-2α expression in breast cancer cell lines and tissues. DEAB treatment of breast cancer cells reduced the expression of HIF-2αin vitro. In addition, reduction of HIF-2α expression suppressed in vitro self-renewal ability and in vivo tumor initiation in ALDH-positive 4T1 cells. Therefore, our findings may provide the evidence necessary for exploring a new strategy in the treatment of breast cancer.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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