Scope
It is hypothesized that decreased advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels could affect type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission in newly diagnosed patients through the consumption of two ...healthy diets.
Methods and Results
Patients from CORDIOPREV study, all with previous cardiovascular events, with T2DM at the beginning of the study are included. Patients are randomized to a Mediterranean or a low‐fat diet for five years. No different diabetes remission rates are found among diets. Serum methylglioxal (MG) and carboximethyllysine (CML), levels dietary AGE, as well as gene expression of AGER1 and RAGE are measured. Serum MG decreases only after the consumption of the Mediterranean diet. Moreover, a COX regression analysis shows that each SD decrease in the MG, occurring after the Mediterranean diet, increases the probability of T2DM remission with HR:2.56(1.02–6.25) and p = 0.046 and each SD increase in disposition index at baseline increases the probability of remission with HR:1.94(1.32–2.87) and p = 0.001.
Conclusions
It is demonstrated that the reduction of serum AGEs levels and the modulation of its metabolism, occurring after the consumption of a Mediterranean diet, might be involved in the molecular mechanism underlying the T2DM remission of newly diagnosed patients with coronary heart disease.
A Mediterranean diet reduces serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) (mainly methylglioxal, MG), reducing dietary AGEs and modulating AGE metabolism. Patients who reduce MG levels after this diet have a higher probability of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission. Serum AGE reduction might be involved in the molecular mechanism underlying diabetes remission of T2DM patients with coronary heart disease.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Scope
Insulin resistance (IR) and chronic low‐grade inflammation are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The “NOD‐like receptor pyrin domain containing‐3” (NLRP3) inflammasome component of ...innate immunity is a metabolic stress sensor modulated by dietary and genetics factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the consumption of two diets for 3 years, Mediterranean (Med) and low fat, on glucose homeostasis in the 1002 coronary heart disease patients of the CORDIOPREV study, according to a genetic variant of NLRP3 inflammasome.
Methods and results
The study was conducted in the framework of the CORDIOPREV study, a randomized dietary intervention with Med and low‐fat diets. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located at inflammasome NLRP3 gene were genotyped by OpenArray platform. Nondiabetic CT+TT carriers of the rs4612666 SNP and AG+AA carriers of the rs10733113 SNP increased insulin sensitivity index (ISI) after 3 years of dietary intervention, whereas no effect was observed in diabetic patients. Further analysis by diet showed that the improvement of the ISI in nondiabetic rs10733113 AG+AA carriers was specific to the consumption of the Med diet.
Conclusion
Our results show that the benefits associated with a Med diet regarding glucose homeostasis in non‐T2DM patients depend on genetic variation in the inflammasome.
NLRP3 inflammasome activation specifically induces IL‐1β inflammation, which in turn leads to insulin resistance and progression of type 2 diabetes. It is shown that rs10733113 A allele carriers improve the insulin sensitivity after 3 years of Mediterranean (Med) diet consumption, presumably by dietary MUFA‐inflammasome gene variant interaction. Thus, the beneficial properties associated with Med diet in terms of glucose homeostasis may depend on an individual's genetic background.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
We try to explore whether long‐term consumption of two healthy dietary patterns (low‐fat LF diet or Mediterranean diet MedDiet) interacts with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) single‐nucleotide ...polymorphisms (SNPs: rs439401, rs440446 and rs7412) modulating postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (ppHTG) in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients.
Methods and results
We selected patients from the CORDIOPREV study with genotyping and who underwent an oral fat load test (FLT) at baseline and after 3 years follow‐up (n = 506). After 3 years of follow‐up, we found a gene‐diet interaction between the APOE rs439401 SNP and MedDiet. Specifically, T‐allele carriers in the MedDiet group showed a more significant decrease in postprandial triglycerides (TG: P = 0.03) and large triacylglycerol‐rich lipoproteins (TRLs) TG (large TRLs TG; P = 0.01) compared with CC subjects. Consistently, the area under the curve of TG (AUC‐TG; P‐interaction = 0.03) and AUC‐large TRLs TG (P‐interaction = 0.02) were significantly lower in T‐allele carriers compared with CC subjects.
Conclusions
The long‐term consumption of a MedDiet modulates ppHTG through APOE genetic variants in CHD patients. This gene‐diet interaction may contribute to a more precise dietary advice in CHD patients.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Edible mushrooms have been consumed by many cultures for centuries.•They are source of fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals and poor in calories and fat.•Biological activities are associated to their ...consumption due to their composition.•This review explores the potential of mushrooms as health promoter.
Mushroom species have the potential to be developed into functional foods for their high nutritional value and because they are a source of biologically active compounds of medicinal importance. The investigation on the beneficial properties of edible mushrooms has gained attention by the scientific community during the last decades. In the light of the emerging literature, the objective of this review was to compile the more recent information about the health benefits associated to the edible mushrooms intake. It can be concluded that the consumption of mushrooms as a part of daily diet could be a natural adjuvant for the treatment and prevention of several chronic diseases.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as type 2 diabetes biomarkers, and they may be a more sensitive way to predict development of the disease than the currently used tools. Our aim was ...to identify whether circulating miRNAs, added to clinical and biochemical markers, yielded better potential for predicting type 2 diabetes. The study included 462 non-diabetic patients at baseline in the CORDIOPREV study. After a median follow-up of 60 months, 107 of them developed type 2 diabetes. Plasma levels of 24 miRNAs were measured at baseline by qRT-PCR, and other strong biomarkers to predict diabetes were determined. The ROC analysis identified 9 miRNAs, which, added to HbA1c, have a greater predictive value in early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (AUC = 0.8342) than HbA1c alone (AUC = 0.6950). The miRNA and HbA1c-based model did not improve when the FINDRISC was included (AUC = 0.8293). Cox regression analyses showed that patients with low miR-103, miR-28-3p, miR-29a, and miR-9 and high miR-30a-5p and miR-150 circulating levels have a higher risk of disease (HR = 11.27; 95% CI = 2.61–48.65). Our results suggest that circulating miRNAs could potentially be used as a new tool for predicting the development of type 2 diabetes in clinical practice.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Recent evidence suggests that postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PPT) is associated with the incidence of CVD. Several non-modifiable factors (genetics, age, gender) and lifestyle factors (physical ...activity, smoking, regular alcohol) have shown their ability to modulate PPT. We evaluate the influence of regular alcohol intake, physical activity and smoking habit modulating PPT in the CORDIOPREV study (NCT00924937).
1002 patients were subject to an oral fat load test meal and serial blood samples were drawn at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h during postprandial state. A PPT concentration above 2.5 mmol/L (220 mg/dL) at any time point has been established as a detrimental response. Alcohol consumption was defined as non-drinkers, moderate and severe intake; regular physical activity exceeding than or lower than 1000 MET/week; smoking habit was classified in current, never, recent ex-smokers and long-term ex-smokers.
The prevalence of undesirable PPT response was 68% in current, 58% in recent ex-smokers, 49% in long-term ex-smokers and 48% in never smokers (p < 0.001). Current and recent ex-smokers displayed higher PPT response as well as a greater area under the curve (AUC) and higher incremental (iAUC) of triglycerides (TG) compared with long-term ex-smokers and never smokers (p < 0.05), without differences among these subgroups. No differences were observed in the magnitude of PPT according to regular physical activity or alcohol intake habits.
Smoking is an independent risk factor modulating the magnitude of PPT. However, after tobacco cessation, ex-smokers show a progressive decrease on their PPT to reach levels similar to those of never smokers.
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•We studied the influence of regular alcohol intake, physical activity and smoking habit modulating PPT in the CORDIOPREV study.•PPT and the prevalence of undesirable response was evaluate in each subgroups. We assessed the main determinants risk factors in the presence of undesirable response.•Smoking is an independent risk factor modulating the magnitude of PPT.•After tobacco cessation, in long-term ex-smokers, PPT progressively decreases to similar magnitude to never smokers.•No differences observed in the magnitude of PPT according to regular physical activity or alcohol intake habits.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) increases the risk of recurrence in myocardial infarction patients.•A gut microbiota profile is associated to the further T2DM development.•Microbiome data ...improved the prediction of T2DM development when added to clinical parameters.•A risk score including the most predictive genera was associated with the probability of T2DM.•A high risk score was associated with a higher hepatic insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.
A distinctive gut microbiome have been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
We aimed to evaluate whether gut microbiota composition, in addition to clinical biomarkers, could improve the prediction of new incident cases of diabetes in patients with coronary heart disease.
All the patients from the CORDIOPREV (Clinical Trials.gov.Identifier: NCT00924937) study without T2DM at baseline were included (n = 462). Overall, 107 patients developed it after a median of 60 months. The gut microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and predictive models were created using hold-out method.
A gut microbiota profile associated with T2DM development was determined through a microbiome-based predictive model. The addition of microbiome data to clinical parameters (variables included in FINDRISC risk score and the diabetes risk score of the American Diabetes Association, HDL, triglycerides and HbA1c) improved the prediction increasing the area under the curve from 0.632 to 0.946. Furthermore, a microbiome-based risk score including the ten most discriminant genera, was associated with the probability of develop T2DM.
These results suggest that a microbiota profile is associated to the T2DM development. An integrate predictive model of microbiome and clinical data that can improve the prediction of T2DM is also proposed, if is validated in independent populations to prevent this disease.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a major health problem worldwide. T2DM risk can be reduced with healthy dietary interventions, but the precise molecular underpinnings behind this ...association are still incompletely understood. We recently discovered that the expression profile of the splicing machinery is associated with the risk of T2DM development. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of 3-year dietary intervention in the expression pattern of the splicing machinery components in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients within the CORDIOPREV study. Expression of splicing machinery components was determined in PBMCs, at baseline and after 3 years of follow-up, from all patients who developed T2DM (Incident-T2DM,
= 107) and 108 randomly selected non-T2DM subjects, who were randomly enrolled in two healthy dietary patterns (Mediterranean or low-fat diets). Dietary intervention modulated the expression of key splicing machinery components (i.e., up-regulation of
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, etc., down-regulation of
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) after three years, independently of the type of healthy diet. Some of these changes (
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) were associated with key clinical features and were differentially induced in Incident-T2DM patients and non-T2DM subjects. This study reveals that splicing machinery can be modulated by long-term dietary intervention, and could become a valuable tool to screen the progression of T2DM.
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