Two‐dimensional (2D) SnS2/MoS2 heterojunction with a 2D/2D novel structure was used as electrode material for enhanced supercapacitor performance. Compared with the sole SnS2, the as‐prepared 2D/2D ...SnS2/MoS2 layered heterojunction has exhibited great improvement in supercapacitor properties. This novel structure can effectively prevent agglomeration and stacking in electrochemical process, and 2D/2D structure is beneficial to intercalation and desorption of ions in electrochemical processes. The experiment result shows that MoSn5 (samples with 5% MoSn5 mole ratios) display a specific capacitance of 466.6 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g in 0.5 mol/L potassium hydroxide solution, an impressive cycling stability with 88.2% capacitance retention at current density of 4 A/g. In addition, the as‐fabricated symmetric supercapacitor exhibited high energy density of 115 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 2230 Wh kg−1. This work provides a fundamental investigation of 2D/2D layered material synergistic effect on the electrochemical process.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
An efficient DMAP catalyzed tandem aldol/imidization reaction of α-isothiocyanato esters with α-ketoamides is described, affording ring-fused thiocarbamates bearing contiguous quaternary carbon ...centers with up to 99% yield in a completely diastereoselective fashion. This method has a wide range of substrate scope and can be used in the synthesis of pyrrolidines.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
As an effective semiconductor catalyst, cadmium sulfide (CdS) is used in the field of split water hydrogen evolution because of its suitable band gap (~2.4 eV), good photocatalysis activity. However, ...the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs limits the application of CdS in the field of catalytic hydrogen evolution. Here, we synthesize a CdS/MoS2 mixed‐dimensional heterojunction by a simple hydrothermal method. In this process, CdS nanoparticles were supported on MoS2 nanosheets, where MoS2 acts as a loading platform and co‐catalyst to improve the photocatalytic performance of CdS. A series of characterizations confirmed that CdS nanoparticles with a size of approximately 130 nm were uniformly grown on the surface of MoS2 nanosheets. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) tests show that this CdS/MoS2 mixed‐dimensional heterojunction has enhanced photocatalysis hydrogen evolution activity, which is due to the CdS/MoS2 mixed‐dimensional heterojunction can promote the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and positive synergy of MoS2 nanosheets as a co‐catalyst. In addition, a new electrically assisted method is used to enhance the photocatalytic activity, and the photocatalytic performance of the CdS/MoS2 mixed‐dimensional heterojunction is improved by nearly four times when a voltage of 0.6 V is applied. This phenomenon is attributed to the fact that providing an appropriate voltage can further promote the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and rapid carrier mobility, thereby effectively improve the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst. This work provides a good guiding significance for the design and construction of high‐performance hydrogen evolution catalysts.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
As an effective semiconductor catalyst, cadmium sulfide (CdS) is used in the field of split water hydrogen evolution because of its suitable band gap (~2.4 eV), good photocatalysis activity. ...However, the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs limits the application of CdS in the field of catalytic hydrogen evolution. Here, we synthesize a CdS/MoS
2
mixed‐dimensional heterojunction by a simple hydrothermal method. In this process, CdS nanoparticles were supported on MoS
2
nanosheets, where MoS
2
acts as a loading platform and co‐catalyst to improve the photocatalytic performance of CdS. A series of characterizations confirmed that CdS nanoparticles with a size of approximately 130 nm were uniformly grown on the surface of MoS
2
nanosheets. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) tests show that this CdS/MoS
2
mixed‐dimensional heterojunction has enhanced photocatalysis hydrogen evolution activity, which is due to the CdS/MoS
2
mixed‐dimensional heterojunction can promote the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and positive synergy of MoS
2
nanosheets as a co‐catalyst. In addition, a new electrically assisted method is used to enhance the photocatalytic activity, and the photocatalytic performance of the CdS/MoS
2
mixed‐dimensional heterojunction is improved by nearly four times when a voltage of 0.6 V is applied. This phenomenon is attributed to the fact that providing an appropriate voltage can further promote the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and rapid carrier mobility, thereby effectively improve the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst. This work provides a good guiding significance for the design and construction of high‐performance hydrogen evolution catalysts.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNA molecules that are implicated in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression during development. The discovery and understanding of miRNAs has ...revolutionized the traditional view of gene expression. Alport syndrome (AS) is an inherited disorder of type IV collagen, which most commonly leads to glomerulonephritis and kidney failure. Patients with AS inevitably reach end-stage renal disease and require renal replacement therapy, starting in young adulthood. In this study, Solexa sequencing was used to identify and quantitatively profile small RNAs from an AS family. We identified 30 known miRNAs that showed a significant change in expression between two individuals. Nineteen miRNAs were up-regulated and eleven were down-regulated. Forty-nine novel miRNAs showed significantly different levels of expression between two individuals. Gene target predictions for the miRNAs revealed that high ranking target genes were implicated in cell, cell part and cellular process categories. The purine metabolism pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were enriched by the largest number of target genes. These results strengthen the notion that miRNAs and their target genes are involved in AS and the data advance our understanding of miRNA function in the pathogenesis of AS.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Background/Aims: The goal of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Changsha version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-CS) in ischemic cerebrovascular disease patients ...of Hunan Province, China, and to explore the optimal cutoff score for detecting vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (VCI-ND) and vascular dementia (VD). Methods: Three hundred and thirty-eight ischemic cerebrovascular disease patients (131 with normal cognition, 111 with VCI-ND, and 96 with VD) and 132 healthy controls were recruited. All participants accepted examination by the MoCA-CS, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and other related scales. A detailed neuropsychological battery was used for making a final cognitive diagnosis. SPSS 16.0 statistical software was used for reliability, validity examination, and optimal cutoff score detection. Results: Cronbach’s α of the MoCA-CS was 0.884, and test-retest and interrater reliability of the MoCA-CS were 0.966 and 0.926, respectively. MoCA-CS scores were highly correlated with MMSE scores (r = 0.867) and simplified intelligence quotients (r = 0.822). The results indicate that 1 point should be added for subjects with less than 6 years of education, and that the optimal cutoff score for detecting VCI-ND is 26/27 (sensitivity 96.1%, specificity 75.6%), whereas the optimal cutoff score for detecting VD is 16/17 (sensitivity 92.7%, specificity 96.3%). Conclusion: The MoCA-CS has good reliability and validity, and is a useful cognitive screening instrument for detecting VCI in the Chinese population.
Alopecia significantly affects the mental health and social relationship of women since childbearing age, highlighting the need for a safe, effective, and convenient treatment.
The authors have ...conducted a prospective self-controlled trial involving 15 female patients at childbearing age with alopecia. These patients received a subcutaneous scalp injection of platelet-rich plasma once every 4 weeks for 3 treatments in total. Outcome measurements were included below: changes in hair density (hair/cm2), hair follicle density (hair follicle/cm2), and overall photographic assessment (improved or not) at 4, 12, and 24 weeks right after the first treatment.
Comparing the photographs taken before and after the intervention, 67% of patients' hair density increased from 151 ± 39.82 hairs/cm2 (preintervention) to 170.96 ± 37.14 hairs/cm2 (at 24-week follow-up), representing an approximate increase of 19 hairs/cm2. Meanwhile, hair follicle density increased by approximately 15 follicles/cm2 after 24 weeks since the first treatment, rising from 151.04 ± 41.99 follicles/cm2 to 166.72 ± 37.13 follicles/cm2. The primary adverse reactions observed were local swelling and pain due to injections.
Local injection of nonactivated platelet-rich plasma with low leukocytes concentration could be an effective strategy to alleviate alopecia symptoms in female patients.
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CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Roads and Bridges (R-B) form the basis for transformation and communication, and constitute the most critical part in the national economic development drive. The population dispersion in Benin, with ...high density living in metropolitans, calls for continuing development and improvement on R-B under the current national government policies and strategic plans. As R-B infrastructure objects are complex engineering facilities, and their construction and maintenance require much special scientific knowledge, the sustainability development objective becomes a crucial issue. This paper discusses the initial findings results of a two-round interviews with a group of practitioners in Beninese R-B development, which were aimed at identifying existing perceptions on sustainability and the agreeable priority issues between stakeholders focusing on the development of R-B. By extensive literature study and consultation with the stakeholders, influencing factors and key sustainability challenges specific to R-B development has been identified and classified into five categories namely engineering, managerial, human development, political and cultural, and sustainability. Based on these findings, this study introduces an on-going research project aimed at integrating the different perceptions and priority needs of the stakeholders, and issues that impact on the gap between sustainability development foci and its actual realization at R-B project construction. The exploration is of benefit to develop an innovative conceptual model to overcome the main factors. Through adopting and implementing the strategies and action plan of the conceptual model, the study presents a practical and innovative solution to improve Beninese capacity towards overcoming the problems. Finally, the study summaries the research conclusions and recommendations necessary to facilitate the development of the present R-B tempo in Benin.
Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanomaterials have become one of the promising options for constructing excellent supercapacitors. However, the application of MoS2 materials is ...limited by low energy density, and the difficulty of large-scale and low-cost preparation seriously hinders its practical application in the field of energy storage. Here, the exfoliation of the MoS2 nanosheets and the loading of MnO2 nanoparticles on the MoS2 nanosheets are realized in one step by electrochemical method. A series of characterization methods have fully confirmed that the electrochemical method has successfully prepared the MoS2 nanosheet/MnO2 (MoS2 NS/MnO2) heterojunction. The experimental results show that the MoS2 NS/MnO2 heterojunction has better electrochemical performance than a single MoS2 nanosheet. It has a good capacitance even in a neutral solution, and its specific capacitance is 275 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1. In addition, a supercapacitor device based on MoS2 NS/MnO2 heterojunction was constructed, which not only exhibited excellent capacitive performance, but also exhibited 10,000 charge-discharge cycle stability under 10 A g−1 conditions. This work provides an experimental basis for the preparation of 2D nanosheets and the large-scale preparation of functionalized 2D material heterojunctions by electrochemical methods.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Natural compounds are becoming popular for the treatment of illnesses and health promotion, but the mechanisms of action and safety profiles are often unknown. Xyloketal B (XKB) is a novel marine ...compound isolated from the mangrove fungus Xylaria sp., with potent antioxidative, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. However, its molecular targets and effects on drug-metabolizing enzymes are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the potential molecular targets of XKB using bioinformatic approaches and to examine the effect of XKB on the expression and activity of rat cytochrome P450 3a (Cyp3a) subfamily members using midazolam as a model probe. DDI-CPI, a server that can predict drug-drug interactions via the chemical-protein interactome, was employed to predict the targets of XKB, and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used to analyze the pathways of the predicted targets of XKB. Homology modeling was performed using the Discovery Studio program 3.1. The activity and expression of rat hepatic Cyp3a were examined after the rats were treated with XKB at 7 and 14 mg/kg for 8 consecutive days. Rat plasma concentrations of midazolam and its metabolite 1'-OH-midazolam were determined using a validated high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Bioinformatic analysis showed that there were over 324 functional proteins and 61 related signaling pathways that were potentially regulated by XKB. A molecular docking study showed that XKB bound to the active site of human cytochrome P450 3A4 and rat Cyp3a2 homology model via the formation of hydrogen bonds. The in vivo study showed that oral administration of XKB at 14 mg/kg to rats for 8 days significantly increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of midazolam, with a concomitant decrease in the plasma clearance and AUC ratio of 1'-OH-midazolam over midazolam. Further, oral administration of 14 mg/kg XKB for 8 days markedly reduced the activity and expression of hepatic Cyp3a in rats. Taken together, the results show that XKB could regulate networks of molecular proteins and related signaling pathways and that XKB downregulated hepatic Cyp3a in rats. XKB might cause drug interactions through modulation of the activity and expression of Cyp3a members. More studies are warranted to confirm the mechanisms of action of XKB and to investigate the underlying mechanism for the regulating effect of XKB on Cyp3a subfamily members.
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