Albeit scholars have conducted international franchising research for over two decades, our understanding of the antecedents and outcomes of this particular type of internationalization is still ...limited. In this article, we systematically review the literature related to international franchising and create a road map of extant knowledge. Through this review, we seek to provide a greater understanding of the use of theories, methodologies, and the emergent phenomenon of international franchise partnerships in multiple industries. Additionally, we detected inconsistencies in paradigms that allowed us to offer suggestions for future research. Among the opportunities for future research in the area of international franchising, constructs such as cultural sensitivity, institutional distance, management motivation, network complexity and financial performance need further attention.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Purpose
During the last two decades, studies on the theoretical models in the area of international business (IB), such as gradual internationalization and the born-global firms, have gained the ...attention of researchers. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the studies on the process of internationalization (Gradual Internationalization vs Born-Global/International new venture models) to identify the research gaps in this area and to prepare a future research agenda.
Design/methodology/approach
Systematic literature review method was employed for this review. The authors highlight the findings from prior studies, compare and contrast salient characteristics and features, based on the articles published in journals with an impact factor score of at least 1.0, and provide directions for research.
Findings
The authors find that there are several areas that were under-explored in prior research. There is a great potential for theoretical extension and theory development in this field as it covers the tenets of four subjects: IB, marketing, strategic management and entrepreneurship.
Originality/value
There is no comprehensive/integrated review exploring the methods/variables and constructs used in prior studies integrating gradual internationalization/born-global models based on all the articles published in well-regarded academic journals. This review seeks to provide deeper insights, which help us to contribute toward the development of this research field.
Purpose
During the last two decades, studies on the theoretical models in the area of international business (IB), such as gradual internationalization and the born-global firms, have gained the ...attention of researchers. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the studies on the process of internationalization (Gradual Internationalization vs Born-Global/International new venture models) to identify the research gaps in this area and to prepare a future research agenda.
Design/methodology/approach
Systematic literature review method was employed for this review. The authors highlight the findings from prior studies, compare and contrast salient characteristics and features, based on the articles published in journals with an impact factor score of at least 1.0, and provide directions for research.
Findings
The authors find that there are several areas that were under-explored in prior research. There is a great potential for theoretical extension and theory development in this field as it covers the tenets of four subjects: IB, marketing, strategic management and entrepreneurship.
Originality/value
There is no comprehensive/integrated review exploring the methods/variables and constructs used in prior studies integrating gradual internationalization/born-global models based on all the articles published in well-regarded academic journals. This review seeks to provide deeper insights, which help us to contribute toward the development of this research field.
Store-in-store franchising or
corner
franchising is the application of a franchise format within another business, such as big box retailers, supermarkets, and gas stations; and pop-up stores are ...temporary store formats opened in shopping malls or other venues for a short period. Despite the regular application of these strategies by franchisers, the academic literature on store-in-store franchising and pop-up stores is relatively limited. There is a particular need after the COVID-19 outbreak to construct new lenses through which to explore how these modes of entry adapt to the new environment of business interruptions and border closures. Motivated by this research gap, this paper explores the implementation and application of store-in-store and pop-up franchising in the retail industry before COVID-19. The paper thereby consolidates the research into stores-in-stores and pop-up stores and provides a disaster studies-based research framework, a set of theoretical propositions, and some managerial implications.
This paper aims to explore the background of transition economies observing the new phenomenon of private enterprise in the Republic of Cuba and franchising in Venezuela. We provide an outline of the ...changes expected in this former central-planned economies, the key traits that might rise on the aftermath of the transition, the current state of private enterprise in Cuba. We suggest how franchising could be a solution to develop a strong entrepreneurial families in transition economies with future suggestions for research
Este documento tiene como objetivo explorar los antecedentes de las economías en transición observando el nuevo fenómeno de la empresa privada en la República de Cuba y las franquicias en Venezuela. Proporcionamos un resumen de los cambios esperados en estas antiguas economías de planificación centralizada, los rasgos clave que podrían surgir a raíz de la transición, el estado actual de la empresa privada en Cuba. Sugerimos cómo la franquicia podría ser una solución para desarrollar familias emprendedoras fuertes en economías en transición con futuras sugerencias para la investigación
•Develop a model on International Franchising partnerships integrating factors determining the franchise formation, expansion and performance.•Discuss how these partnerships develop and how they ...differ.•Derive theoretical propositions for future research in academia and for practice in the industry.
International franchising has been widely studied from the franchisor perspective, as it relates to why and how firms decide to expand by viewing it as a uni-directional perspective. With the increased volume of international franchising businesses, theory development that considers multidimensional elements such as distance, trust and its effects on franchise relationship and the system’s performance is needed. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model on international franchising partnerships that integrates factors determining franchise formation, expansion and performance grounded in Relational Contracting Theory. The uniqueness of the proposed model is on its originality as a dynamic behavioral theoretical model to address the possibilities for value creation, performance improvement and minimizing failure probability in franchise systems which is important for managers as well as researchers.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
7.
Alternative modes of entry in franchising Rosado-Serrano, Alexander; Navarro-García, Antonio
Journal of business research,
March 2023, 2023-03-00, Volume:
157
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Franchising has been widely studied from the perspective of the franchisor-fraanchisee relationship and firms' performance. Meanwhile, entry mode studies have explored various avenues for ...internationalization by the pace and method of expansion and the governance mode adopted. Companies have used mixed modes of expansion depending on the features of their domestic and international markets. One form of expansion is the store-in-store strategy, which some firms view as providing real estate revenue and others consider as part of their business model. The increased adoption of this entry mode provides a window for theory development that considers store-in-store franchising and internationalization. Accordingly, this paper draws upon relational contracting theory to develop a conceptual framework for store-in-store franchising using host department stores for the purpose of domestic and international expansion. We also report on a survey to provide managerial insights to company executives on the adoption of the store-in-store strategy.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether operating countries influence restaurant franchising system performance and what would be an optimal international franchise ...proportion.Design/methodology/approachThe authors observed ten publicly traded franchise firms that operated between 1995 and 2015. Data analysis is conducted through a generalized linear model (GLM) of panel data.FindingsThe model confirms a curvilinear U-shaped relationship between international franchise expansion and firm performance, similar to domestic franchising. The authors found that international franchisors have a higher optimal franchise proportion than domestic franchisors. The authors did not find that operating countries influence firm performance.Originality/valueThis study contributes to franchising literature by expanding limited empirical studies on international franchising. It provides practitioners with a new optimal franchise proportion at the international level.
Phygital retail es una experiencia que mezcla el mundo virtual con el físico, al extender las fronteras de la tienda física. En phygital retail, las firmas digitales y tradicionales coinciden en un ...entorno físico que transforma el proceso de conocer sobre los productos y servicios en una aventura llena de experiencias hedónicas y teatrales. Los consumidores buscan este tipo de experiencia, en donde se sienten que están en un juego de vídeo que integra la inteligencia artificial y el juego de roles, en donde el consumidor es el centro de la experiencia. Estos nuevos marketplaces están siendo desarrollados en ciudades con un alto tráfico, en donde los consumidores jóvenes buscan nuevas formas de interactuar con las marcas. Marcas nativas digitales, al igual que las tradicionales, han estado implementando este modo alterno de entrada, el cual, por ser de aplicación reciente, no ha sido observado aún por investigadores. Motivados por esta limitación en la literatura, este artículo aspira a explorar la aplicación de phygital retail mediante un análisis de caso de la empresa Neighborhood Goods, en los Estados Unidos, y WOW Concept, en España. Este artículo presenta una mirada exploratoria al phygital retail y provee nuevas líneas de investigación sobre el fenómeno. El artículo contribuye a comenzar la conversación sobre este nuevo fenómeno en retail, en donde los consumidores expanden las fronteras del formato físico tradicional.
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