Background: Pediatricians frequently provide care for families struggling with health issues related to poverty, but may have little personal experience with poverty. Poverty simulation has been used ...to educate individuals in other disciplines about how poverty impacts daily life. Little is known about the impact of poverty simulation on pediatric residents' attitudes toward poverty. Objective: To determine whether exposure to a poverty simulation improves pediatric resident physicians' attitudes toward poverty. Methods: Pediatric interns in a single program voluntarily participated in an evaluation of a poverty simulation conducted during intern orientation. Anonymous surveys were IRB-approved and consisted of the Attitudes Toward Poverty - Short Form (ATP-SF), which was administered immediately before and after the intervention, and a satisfaction survey administered after the intervention. Cronbach's alpha was utilized to determine the internal reliability of ATP-SF sub-scales. Differences in the pre and post-simulation ATP-SF surveys were assessed with t-tests. Results: 84% of pediatric interns completed both the pre- and post-ATP-SF. Internal consistency for the Personal Deficiency (7 items) and Stigma (8 items) subscales was excellent (Cronbach's alpha of 0.908 and 0.906, respectively, combined across assessments). A third subscale, Structural Perspective (6 items), had an acceptable Cronbach's alpha of 0.623. The Stigma and Structural Perspective sub-scales trended toward significance with higher post-intervention scores (p=0.114 and 0.131, respectively). There were no significant differences between responses on the ATP-SF. 100% of pediatric interns completed the satisfaction survey. 100% of pediatric interns agreed that they would recommend the simulation to a colleague and that their professional work would improve as a result of participating in the simulation. Conclusion: There were no statistically significant differences between responses to the ATP-SF pre and post intervention. However, all respondents endorsed that the poverty simulation would positively impact their professional work and would recommend the simulation to a colleague. Further study is needed to characterize the impact of poverty simulation on residents' attitudes and clinical practice. There is also potential for the simulation to be studied as a faculty development tool.
Aims
To evaluate the occurrence, the characterization and identity of nodulating bacteria in symbiosis with
Mimosa
spp. in the ultramafic massif of Barro Alto, Goiás state, Brazil.
Methods
Nodules ...from field grown
M. somnians
and
M. claussenii
were sampled for bacteria isolation and
in situ
detection using microscopy. Isolates were characterized for their nodulation capacity on
M. pudica
and common bean, and their tolerance to Ni in culture medium. Bacteria were also partially identified by their 16S rRNA gene sequences. In addition,
recA
,
gyrB
,
nodC
and
nifH
genes from five representative isolates were sequenced for phylogenetic studies
.
Results
In situ
detection indicated the exclusive presence of
Paraburkholderia
sp. within the nodules. This identification was confirmed for most of the isolates by the analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences. All isolates identified as
Paraburkholderia
sp. were able to effectively nodulate
M. pudica
, but those tested in common bean produced ineffective nodules. Inoculation tests showed that these bacteria improved
M. pudica
growth in the absence of nitrogen. None of the isolates showed Ni tolerance. The concatenated 16S rRNA,
recA
and
gyrB
, and the
nodC
and
nifH
genes sequences demonstrated that the five selected isolates were closely related to
P. atlantica
.
Conclusions
This is the first report of
Paraburkholderia
present in nodules from
Mimosa
plants naturally growing in ultramafic soils. These results suggest that this symbiosis may be a factor to be considered as part of programs to restore ultramafic soils in Barro Alto areas degraded by mining activity.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Transitions of care (ToCs), also referred to as handoffs or sign-outs, occur when the responsibility for a patient's care transfers from 1 health care provider to another. Transitions are common in ...the acute care setting and have been noted to be vulnerable events with opportunities for error. Health care is taking ideas from other high-risk industries, such as aerospace and nuclear power, to create models of structured transition processes. Although little literature currently exists to establish 1 model as superior, multiorganizational consensus groups agree that standardization is warranted and that additional work is needed to establish characteristics of ToCs that are associated with clinical or practice outcomes. The rationale for structuring ToCs, specifically those related to the care of children in the emergency setting, and a description of identified strategies are presented, along with resources for educating health care providers on ToCs. Recommendations for development, education, and implementation of transition models are included.
PDF