Aim
Our study aimed to investigate the caregiving burden and its associated factors in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.
Design
Correlational study.
Method
Using the convenience ...sampling method, 215 caregivers were recruited from outpatient clinics affiliated with a tertiary referral psychiatric hospital in Iran. The caregiving burden was measured by the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI‐22), and associations between caregiving burden and potential factors were examined using multiple regression analysis. We used the STROBE checklist to report the results.
Results
Family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia reported a high level of caregiving burden, with 38.2% of the caregivers perceiving severe burden relating to their role. In the regression analysis, age, gender, educational level, income, job loss due to caregiving, relationship with patient, disease duration and frequency of caregiving were statistically significant predictors of caregiving burden. The regression model explained 54.4% of the variance of caregiving burden.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Quick and accurate triage of patients in the emergency department is a key factor for successful management of the emergency situations and ensuring the quality of care. Moreover, triage skills ...education is one of the important aspects of preparedness of nurses for different emergency situations. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of educating emergency severity index (ESI) triage using lecture and role-playing on the knowledge and practice of nursing students.
This experimental study was conducted in the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz, Iran, in 2016. In this study, 56 nursing students were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups. Triage scenarios were taught and presented in two ways by using lecture or role-playing method. One month later, the post-test was taken. Data were collected using a questionnaire assessing the knowledge and practice of ESI and were analysed using SPSS (version 21).
The mean knowledge and practice scores in both groups improved significantly (p < 0.05). The post-test score showed a significant difference between the two groups, and the mean score was higher in the role-playing group compared with that of the lecture group (p < 0.05).
The results showed the effectiveness of both educational methods on students' learning. However, the role-playing method was more effective than the lecture method and is recommended for triage education. In addition, according to the importance of triage, developing the theoretical and practical education courses for nursing students is recommended.
•Emergency nurses in Iran have difficulties in doing triage in emergency care. So, training of this groups is in priority.•Nurse educators could find an effective method for educating of triage among nursing students in the field of emergency.•Role playing method as a practical method could help nurse students to learn the triage in an effective way.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Aim
To investigate the association between the nurses’ perception of the public image (PI) of nursing and the quality of nursing work life (QNWL).
Design
A descriptive correlational study.
Methods
...250 nurses of 12 hospitals affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were sampled using a proportionate stratified sampling technique. Porter Nursing Image Scale and Brooks QNWL Scale were used for collecting data.
Results
There was a significant positive correlation between nurses’ perception of their public image and QNWL (r = .158, p = .012). Nurses’ perception of their PI along with other significant predictors including gender, age, position, work shifts, residency, financial status, level of family support, spouse's education and spouse's job significantly explained 15.2% of the predictability of QNWL (F(10,175) = 3.017, p = .001). Findings imply that enhancement of nurses' psychological status (nurses' perception of the public image of their profession) may improve their functional status (quality of nursing work life).
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Background: The emergency department (ED) is a multidisciplinary department and seriously needs interprofessional collaboration (IPC). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the ...emergency nurses' attitudes toward IPC and teamwork and their affecting factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 138 emergency nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, from January to April 2019. Data were collected using a three-part questionnaire including a demographic data sheet, the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration, and the Testing Team Attitude Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, and multivariate regression analysis. Results: The majority of the study participants were female (68.1%), in the age range of 30-40 years old (44.2%), and had a working experience of 1-5 years in the ED (63.8%). The mean scores of nurses' attitudes toward IPC and teamwork were 48.68 ± 5.14 and 96.15 ± 8.97, respectively. A direct and strong correlation was found between nurses' attitudes toward IPC and teamwork (r = 0.594, P = 0.001). Regression analysis showed that, among all variables, only the participants' employment status (compulsory governmental services, P < 0.031 and B = 2.356), overall work experience between 1 and 5 years (P < 0.001 and B = -3.769), and the attitude toward teamwork (P < 0.001 and B = 0.350) could significantly predict nurses' attitude toward IPC. Conclusion: The attitudes of emergency nurses toward IPC and teamwork were at an optimal level. Nurses' belief in IPC and especially belief in nurse-physician collaboration plays an important role in providing quality care and keeping patient safety in ED. Joint in-service workshops on the philosophy and principles of IPC and teamwork for nurses and physicians working in EDs can further strengthen the IPC.
BackgroundDonated milk is the best choice for infants who cannot receive breast milk from their mothers. Researchers in this study evaluated the knowledge and attitude of healthcare providers ...regarding milk-donation and examined their socio-demographic predictors in Tabriz-Iran, 2021. MethodsIn this cross-sectional analytic study, the total sample size consisted of 535 healthcare providers including 272 nurses and midwives working at maternal hospitals and 263 healthcare providers working at healthcare-centers. Census-sampling method was used during October 2020 to February 2021, and data collection tools included socio-demographic, knowledge and attitude questionnaires. Pearson-correlation test, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and adjusted general linear model were used to analyze the data using SPSS version 16. ResultsThe mean (SD) of the knowledge score was 12.04±4.30 (score range of 0-22) and that of the attitude score was 134.27±20.23 (score range of 42-210). Results of general linear model was adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics and showed that predictors of knowledge variable were associated with having prior experience of breastfeeding another infant (P=0.006) and encouraging others to breastfeed (P=0.008); also, the predictor of attitude variable was aligned with encouraging others to breastfeed (P<0.001). ConclusionsThe findings of this study affirm that knowledge and attitude of healthcare providers were moderately influential for breast milk donation. Since they could play a responsible role in providing education, positive atmosphere for specialized training for the general public, the efforts to improve their knowledge and attitudes can contribute to acceptability of a milk-bank in the community and reduction of the rate of neonatal mortality in Iran.
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NUK, OILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis (HD) need to receive adequate dialysis. Dialysis inadequacy leads to an increase in the side effects and even frequent hospitalizations as ...well as increased therapeutic costs. Considering the fact that improving the adequacy of dialysis is one of the goals of nursing care in these patients, this study aimed to compare the effect of linear and step-wise sodium-ultrafiltration (UF) profiling on HD adequacy. This study is a clinical trial; a total of 32 patients from two dialysis centers in East Azerbaijan province were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Each patient underwent HD for three sessions by routine method, three sessions by linear sodium profile and UF, and three sessions by the step-wise sodium profile and UF. At the end of each HD method, Kt/V was calculated to determine the adequacy of dialysis. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 13 with generalized estimating equation statistical test. According to the results of this study, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean of adequacy of dialysis (Kt/V) in the three treatment methods (P <0.05), in which the mean score of dialysis adequacy in step-wise method was 0.14 more than the routine method, and in the linear method, it was 0.21 more than the routine method. The mean Kt/V scores were 1.24, 1.31, and 1.10 in the step-wise method, linear method, and routine method, respectively(P <0.05). The results of this study indicate that simultaneous application of sodium and UF profiles is effective in the hemodynamic stability of patients, which reduces uncomfortable complications during dialysis. Therefore, in order to improve dialysis adequacy and prevent the complications, usage of sodium and UF profiles is recommended.
Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship of self-efficacy and demographic characteristics with blood glucose control in older patients with diabetes type II who ...referred to an endocrinology clinic in the northwest of Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a random sampling method through which the patients were divided into controlled and uncontrolled groups. A total of 290 eligible volunteers participated in the research during November-March 2016. The Diabetes Management Self-efficacy Scale and demographic information form were completed by face-to-face interviews. Based on the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, the patients were assigned to controlled (HbA1c<7) and uncontrolled (HbA1c>7) groups. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the 2 groups regarding the mean self-efficacy scores after adjusting for the blood glucose control confounding variables (P≤0.05). Moreover, all the dimensions of participants’ self-efficacy scores had significant relationships with the glycosylated hemoglobin level (P≤0.05). In terms of personal details, variables including the time since diagnosis of diabetes, education, and economic status had significant relationships with blood glucose control as well (P≤0.05). Conclusions: In general, the economic status, education, and time since diagnosis of diabetes affected diabetes control. Thus, performing interventions to improve the self-efficacy and well-being of these patients can improve their self-care and blood glucose control.
Objectives: The prevalence of fatigue in patients receiving hemodialysis is high. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Rosa damascena oil on fatigue severity in patients receiving ...hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed on 74 patients receiving hemodialysis in Tabriz, Iran from January 21 to February 21, 2019. The patients were conveniently recruited and assigned into two groups of intervention and control using a block randomization method with block sizes of four and six and a sequence of 1:1. Patients in the intervention group were trained to inhale three drops of R. damascena oil each night for one month. We used the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) for data collection and analyzed the data using the independent samples and paired t tests. Results: No significant difference was found between the two groups respecting the mean baseline fatigue scores (P=0.12). However, at the end of the study, the mean fatigue score was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (P=0.001). Conclusions: We witnessed that R. damascena oil aromatherapy significantly reduced the severity of fatigue in patients receiving hemodialysis. This useful and inexpensive technique can be utilized as a complementary method to relieve fatigue in patients receiving hemodialysis.
Background: Many nurses are uncertain when making clinical decisions, and this can lead to burnout and professional dissatisfaction. However, no study has addressed facilitators of uncertainty in ...clinical decision-making among Iranian nurses. Objectives: This study aimed to explore Iranian nurses' experiences of facilitators of uncertainty in decision-making. Methods: This qualitative content analysis study was conducted from June to December 2020. Participants were 17 nurses with bachelor's or higher degrees who were purposively recruited from three hospitals affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through a content analysis method. Results: Participants' experiences were categorized into three main categories, namely, an unconfident nurse, complex situations, and unclear guidelines and policies. Each category included three to four subcategories. Conclusion: Nurses may experience uncertainty in clinical decision-making when confronted with ambiguous clinical situations or lack sufficient decision-making skills. Nurse leaders are suggested to develop educational programs and support interventions to promote nurses' decision-making skills and help them manage ambiguous situations.
Objectives: Cesarean section (C-section) is one of the most common surgeries for women, which has numerous complications including anxiety and vital sign changes. Various non-drug methods exist for ...controlling these complications. Although nurse companionship is one of such methods, there is little information about the accompaniment of mothers by trained nurses during the C-section surgery. This study aimed to determine the effect of "nurse companionship" on the level of anxiety and vital sign changes of C-section candidates. Materials and Methods: Using a random allocation method, this randomized control trial was performed on 128 C-section candidates in Al-Zahra teaching hospital of Tabriz in 2017. In addition to routine cares, intervention group mothers were accompanied and supported by a nurse 1 hour before to after the C-section surgery while mothers in the control group only received routine cares for the C-section. Data collection tools were demographic information form, visual analogue scale (VAS), digital blood pressure monitor, and chronometer. The anxiety level and vital sign changes were measured one hour before, during, and one hour after the C-section surgery. Finally, data were analyzed by SPSS 24 using the mixed repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The comparison of the results of the two groups showed that the accompaniment of the mothers had a significant effect on reducing anxiety during (P<0.001) and 1 hour after (P=0.011) C-section surgery while it had no significant effect on vital sign changes. Conclusions: The results revealed the positive effect of nurse companionship on reducing mothers’ anxiety during and after the C-section surgery. Therefore, this method can be used as non-invasive nursing care during C-section surgeries and in operating rooms. However, cost-effectiveness assessment is recommended before the implementation of this method.
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