Transverse momentum spectra,
d
2
σ
/
(
d
η
d
p
T
2
)
, of charged hadron production in
p
p
-collisions are considered in terms of a recently introduced two component model. The shapes of the particle ...distributions vary as a function of the c.m.s. energy in the collision and the measured pseudorapidity interval. As a result the pseudorapidity of a secondary hadron in the moving proton rest frame is shown to be a universal parameter describing the shape of the spectra in
pp
-collisions. In order to extract predictions on the double-differential cross sections
d
2
σ
/
(
d
η
d
p
T
2
)
of hadron production for future LHC-measurements the different sets of available experimental data have been used in this study.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The shapes of invariant differential cross section for identified
π
±
,
K
±
,
p
and
p
¯
production as a function of transverse momentum measured in
p
p
collisions by the PHENIX detector are analyzed ...in terms of a recently introduced approach. Simultaneous fits of these data to the sum of exponential and power-law terms show a significant difference in the exponential term contributions. This effect qualitatively explains the observed shape of the experimental
K
/
π
and
p
/
π
yield ratios measured as a function of transverse momentum of produced hadrons. A picture with two types of mechanisms for hadron production is presented. Universality of the power-law term behavior for
π
±
,
K
±
,
p
, and
p
¯
production is shown.
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When harvesting flax, its stems get into contact with the working elements of flax harvesting machines. The authors have found that the diversity of materials used to manufacture the working elements ...made it necessary to calculate the friction coefficients in the interaction between the stems and these materials, since it is not always possible to do this experimentally. They confirmed the possibility of calculating the friction coefficients in the butt, middle and apical parts of the stem. Research purpose Calculation of the friction coefficients of flax stems according to the given microgeometry characteristics of their surface.Materials and methods The studies were carried out on a standard device, a profile meter-and-recorder made by the Kalibr plant, make 201. Common (fibre) flax of the Mogilevskiy 2 variety at the stage of brown ripeness, at a humidity - 43.79 percent, with total length of stems – 78, 9 cm and a flax straw yield of 3.575 tons per hectare were chosen for the experiments. The flax crop was harvested by hand on the experimental field during the harvesting period. During the preparation of experimental samples, the flax stem was divided into three parts - butt, middle and apical. Each of the stem parts was divided into two halves along the axis, then one of the halves was unrolled and pasted on a solid base (steel plate). Profile diagrams of flax stems parts of were processed with conventional methods.Results and discussion The authors have obtained the friction coefficients of the stems of different humidity as they moved along the steel surface. It has been established that the calculated values of the friction coefficients are slightly higher than those obtained as a result of experiments. (Conclusions) It has been established that as the humidity of flax stems increases, the molecular component of the friction coefficient increases too. It has been determined that when the moisture content of the stems is 20-45 percent, the friction coefficient values range from 0.38 to 0.98 percent.
Introduction. During fiber-flax harvesting, the working tools of pulling units actively interact with the flax plants. The flax pulling unit with transverse tape-disc pulling channels is ...characterized by the separation of technological plant flows resulting in the loss of seeds and damage to the flax stems. The aim of the work is the theoretical and experimental substantiation of changes in the design of the pulling units with transverse tape-disc pulling channels by eliminating the separation of technological plant flows during flax pulling.
Materials and Methods. Experimental studies to substantiate the parameters and modes of the pulling unit operation were carried out according to available and newly developed methodologies, while the evaluation of flax products was carried out according to current GOSTs (Russian National standards). There was determined the influence of the flax ripeness stages, flax yield, and a type of pulling unit on the indicators of separation of technological plant flows and on seed losses. The influence of the pulling unit type, operating width of the pulling section, and the pulling unit speed on the indicators of processing flax straw was also established.
Results. There was obtained the dependence for determining the flax stem base elongation, taking into account the seed boll cohesion. The design of the modernized flax pulling unit was used to assess the effect of reducing the flax stem base elongation and eliminating the separation of technological plant flows during pulling on the reduction of seed loss and increase in the yield of flax longs. In the improved flax harvester, the frame elements are positioned behind the pulling unit. Thanks to the modernization of the pulling unit, the flax straw was of higher quality: 1.5 numbers at THLN-1.9M and 1.25 numbers at THLN-1.9P.
Discussion and Conclusion. The modernized pulling unit THLN-1,9M during flax harvesting in the stage of early yellow ripeness, compared with the unit THLN-1,9P, can reduce seed loss by 1.4-2.0%, increased output of long fiber by 1.3%. The production of flax longs increases to 0.45 of its number.
The transverse-momentum dependence of inclusive differential cross sections measured in various collider experiments for processes involving the production of long-lived charged hadrons was ...approximated by the sum of an exponential and a power-law function. The dependence of the parameters appearing in these functions on the colliding-particle energy and type was studied, and relationships between these parameters were established. A number of new regularities in the behavior of charged-particle spectra were discovered.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This study explores the issue of obtaining academic degrees in prerevolutionary Russia, a process that was an integral part of scientific initiation, allowing individuals to enter the ranks of the ...country’s intellectual elite. The aim of this paper is to determine the interplay between socio-political, corporate, and scientific elements in shaping the discourse of academic disputation. The analysis presented herein draws upon data primarily concerning Saint Petersburg University, which was a leading center for Russian scholarly activity. Specifically, this research utilizes unpublished materials from the minutes of the University Council meetings, journals of public assemblies of various faculties, and archives managed by the Saint Petersburg educational district, containing information on planned disputes. The authors conclude that there were eight formal obstacles a candidate had to overcome in the pursuit of a degree. The key hurdle was access to the public defense, which was a closed affair, being an internal corporate matter that excluded not only the degree candidate but also external authorities and society at large. The public defense of a thesis served more as a socially significant rite of corporate initiation, demonstrating the public importance of the corporation.
The shape of the invariant differential cross section for charged hadron production as a function of transverse momentum measured in various collider experiments is analyzed. Contrary to the behavior ...of produced charged kaons, protons, and antiprotons, the pion spectra require an anomalously high contribution of an exponential term to describe the shape.
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Abstract
The morphological structure, size-age variability and dynamics of age-related fertility of producers of Baikal omul of pelagic, near-bottom and coastal morpho-ecological groups during the ...depressive state of the population were studied. There is an improvement in the indicators of the growth rate of fish, maturation and an increase in absolute individual fertility against the background of the dilution of the population and the release of the feeding area. A comparative characteristic of some morphological features of fish among morphological-ecological groups is given. The number of gill rakers on the first gill arch significantly distinguishes different morpho-ecological groups and ranges from 36 to 43 pieces for the near-bottom, from 40 to 46 pieces for the coastal and from 44 to 53 pieces for the pelagic morpho-ecological groups. It is noted that the spawning populations of the coastal and pelagic groups are mainly represented by young individuals. With age, the proportion of females increases in all groups. The largest indices of the pectoral, abdominal and anal fins, responsible for movement in the vertical plane, rotation and stop, are noted in the near-bottom group.
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Data are presented on fish community structure in ponds and floodplain and mainland lakes in the southern taiga subzone of Western Siberia (within Tomsk region), where a total of 14 fish species ...have been recorded. The ordering of data on the fish biomass using a factor classification program has allowed us to distinguish three population groups, with one of them including three subgroups. Winter hypoxia is the most important among external factors determining the structure of fish communities. Its absence determines the presence of perch in the fish communities; in turn, the abundance of perch affects the abundance of other fish species. Therefore, the primary organization of the communities is determined by the environment and their secondary organization by the relationships between the species.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Adversariality of the parties of prosecution and defense in criminal proceedings offers the defense lawyer an opportunity to apply their special knowledge. The article presents the author's view of ...the problem of the use of special knowledge by the defense lawyer in the context of an adversarial criminal trial.
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