SCIATRAN is a comprehensive software package for the modeling of radiative transfer processes in the terrestrial atmosphere and ocean in the spectral range from the ultraviolet to the thermal ...infrared (0.18–40μm) including multiple scattering processes, polarization, thermal emission and ocean–atmosphere coupling. The software is capable of modeling spectral and angular distributions of the intensity or the Stokes vector of the transmitted, scattered, reflected, and emitted radiation assuming either a plane-parallel or a spherical atmosphere. Simulations are done either in the scalar or in the vector mode (i.e. accounting for the polarization) for observations by space-, air-, ship- and balloon-borne, ground-based, and underwater instruments in various viewing geometries (nadir, off-nadir, limb, occultation, zenith-sky, off-axis). All significant radiative transfer processes are accounted for. These are, e.g. the Rayleigh scattering, scattering by aerosol and cloud particles, absorption by gaseous components, and bidirectional reflection by an underlying surface including Fresnel reflection from a flat or roughened ocean surface. The software package contains several radiative transfer solvers including finite difference and discrete-ordinate techniques, an extensive database, and a specific module for solving inverse problems. In contrast to many other radiative transfer codes, SCIATRAN incorporates an efficient approach to calculate the so-called Jacobians, i.e. derivatives of the intensity with respect to various atmospheric and surface parameters.
In this paper we discuss numerical methods used in SCIATRAN to solve the scalar and vector radiative transfer equation, describe databases of atmospheric, oceanic, and surface parameters incorporated in SCIATRAN, and demonstrate how to solve some selected radiative transfer problems using the SCIATRAN package. During the last decades, a lot of studies have been published demonstrating that SCIATRAN is a valuable tool for a wide range of remote sensing applications. Here, we present some selected comparisons of SCIATRAN simulations to published benchmark results, independent radiative transfer models, and various measurements from satellite, ground-based, and ship instruments.
Methods for solving inverse problems related to remote sensing of the Earth's atmosphere using the SCIATRAN software are outside the scope of this study and will be discussed in a follow-up paper. The SCIATRAN software package along with a detailed User's Guide is freely available for non-commercial use via the webpage of the Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen: http://www.iup.physik.uni-bremen.de/sciatran.
•The description of the numerical aspects of the vectorial radiative transfer equation solution.•The application of the software for the simulation of radiative transfer in ocean.•The description of bidirectional distribution reflectance function models.•The full description of aerosol, cloud, and trace gases databases used in the framework of SCIATRAN.•The detailed description of applications of SCIATRAN for atmospheric optics.
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The Physics Beyond Colliders initiative is an exploratory study aimed at exploiting the full scientific potential of the CERN's accelerator complex and scientific infrastructures through projects ...complementary to the LHC and other possible future colliders. These projects will target fundamental physics questions in modern particle physics. This document presents the status of the proposals presented in the framework of the Beyond Standard Model physics working group, and explore their physics reach and the impact that CERN could have in the next 10-20 years on the international landscape.
The development of bacterial paleontology has shaken some generally accepted scientific paradigms in research on the Archean–Proterozoic evolution of the Earth. Thus, bacterial and paleontological ...studies occasionally led to a revision of paleogeographical constructions. This paper discusses the main achievements of this rather young scientific discipline, including the finds of ancient prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms and their connection with the early Earth’s environments, as well as the finds of fossilized microorganisms in carbonaceous chondrites (meteorites), which change our attitude toward the problems of panspermia and the origin of life.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
4.
Extending the Higgs sector: an extra singlet Godunov, S I.; Rozanov, A. N.; Vysotsky, M. I. ...
European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
2016/1, Volume:
76, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
An extension of the Standard Model with an additional Higgs singlet is analyzed. Bounds on singlet admixture for the 125 GeV
h
boson from electroweak radiative corrections and data on
h
production ...and decays are obtained. The possibility of double
h
production enhancement at 14 TeV LHC due to a heavy Higgs contribution is considered.
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ATLAS is one of the four major experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The tracking performance of the ATLAS detector relies critically on its 4-layer Pixel detector, located at the core ...the ATLAS tracker. During operation at instantaneous luminosities of up to 2.1 ×1034 cm−2 s−1 the frontend chips of the ATLAS innermost pixel layer experienced single event upsets affecting their global registers as well as the settings for the individual pixels, causing, amongst other things, loss of occupancy, noisy pixels, and silent pixels. A quantitative analysis of the single event upsets as well as the operational issues and mitigation techniques are presented.
A
bstract
Ultraperipheral collisions of high energy protons are a source of approximately real photons colliding with each other. Photon fusion can result in production of yet unknown charged ...particles in very clean events. The cleanliness of such an event is due to the requirement that the protons survive during the collision. Finite sizes of the protons reduce the probability of such outcome compared to point-like particles. We calculate the survival factors and cross sections for the production of heavy charged particles at the Large Hadron Collider.
A
bstract
We propose a model-independent approach for the search of charged long-lived particles produced in ultraperipheral collisions at the LHC. The main idea is to improve event reconstruction at ...ATLAS and CMS with the help of their forward detectors. Detection of both scattered protons in forward detectors allows complete recovery of event kinematics. Though this requirement reduces the number of events, it greatly suppresses the background, including the large background from the pile-up.
Analytical formulas for the cross section of the reaction
p
p
→
p
+
ℓ
+
ℓ
-
+
X
are presented. Fiducial cross sections are compared with those measured recently by the ATLAS collaboration.
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Trapping and movement of microparticles using the near field of waveguide modes enables the realization of stable and compact integrated optical platforms for manipulating, sorting, and studying ...single microobjects. In this work, the possibility of optical manipulation via Bloch surface waves propagating in polymer waveguides on the surface of a one-dimensional photonic crystal and localizing light at the waveguide surface is studied. Numerical simulation of optical forces acting on a spherical particle from the fundamental waveguide mode of the Bloch surface wave is performed. Using two-photon laser lithography, SU-8 polymer waveguides are fabricated on the surface of a one-dimensional photonic crystal. The movement of a polystyrene microparticle along the waveguide when the Bloch surface wave is excited in it is experimentally demonstrated.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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